mu

1. 12th Letter of the Greek alphabet, mu. 2. Symbol for micro- (2) ; micron; dynamic viscosity; magnetic or electric dipole moment of a molecule; chemical potential; denotes the position of a substituent located on the 12th atom from the carboxyl or other functional group.

mumu mumu

Symbol for micromicro-; micromicron.

mumug mumug

Symbol for micromicrogram.

muOMEGA muOMEGA

Symbol for microhm.

muC muC

Symbol for microcoulomb.

muCi muCi

Symbol for microcurie.

mug mug

Symbol for microgram.

mul mul

Symbol for microliter.

muM muM

Symbol for micromolar.

mum mum

Symbol for micrometer.

mumol mumol

Symbol for micromole.

muV muV

Symbol for microvolt.

M M

1. Symbol for mega- (2) ; morgan; moles per liter (also written M or m); myopia or myopic; methionine; 6-mercaptopurine ribonucleoside in a nucleic acid; molarity; L. misce, mix. 2. Symbol for a blood factor. See entries under MNSs blood group, Blood Groups Appendix

M. M.

Abbreviation for L. misce, mix.

Mr M_r

Symbol for molecular weight ratio or relative molecular mass.

m m

Symbol for meter; milli-; minim; mass; magnetic dipole moment; molality.

mmu mmu

Symbol for millimicron.

mm mm

Abbreviation for millimolar (10^-3 m).

m m

Symbol for moles per liter (also written M or M).

m- m-

Abbreviation for meta- (3) .

MA MA

Abbreviation for mental age.

ma ma , mA

Abbreviation for milliampere.

MAA MAA

Abbreviation for macroaggregated albumin.

MAB MAB

Abbreviation for monoclonal antibody.

MAC MAC

1. Abbreviation for minimal anesthetic concentration; minimal alveolar concentration; membrane attack complex. 2. Abbreviation for Mycobacterium avium complex. See Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex.

Mac- Mac-

For proper names beginning thus, see also Mc-.

Macaca Macaca (ma-kah´ka)

A large genus of Old World monkeys (family Cercopithecidae) that includes the macaque and rhesus monkeys, and the Barbary apes. M. mulatta, the rhesus monkey, is used as a research animal. [Pg. macaco, monkey]

macaque macaque (ma-kahk´)

See Macaca. [Fr.]

Macchiavello's stain Macchiavello's stain

See under stain.

MacConkey MacConkey

Alfred T., British bacteriologist, 1861-1931. See MacConkey agar.

Mace Mace , MACE

Acronym for methylchloroform 2-chloracetophenone (the classical lacrimator) in a light petroleum dispersant and a pressurized propellant.

macerate macerate (mas´er-at)

To soften by steeping or soaking. [see maceration]

maceration maceration (mas-er-a´shun)

1. Softening by the action of a liquid. 2. Softening of tissues after death by nonputrefactive (sterile) autolysis; seen especially in the stillborn, with bullous separation of the epidermis. [L. macero, pp. -atus, to soften by soaking]

Macewen Macewen

Sir William, Scottish surgeon, 1848-1924. See M.'s sign, symptom, triangle.

Mach Mach

Ernst, Austrian scientist, 1838-1916. See M.'s band; M. number.

Machado-Guerreiro test Machado-Guerreiro test

See under test.

Machado-Joseph Machado-Joseph

See under disease.

machine machine (ma-shen´)

Any mechanical apparatus or device. [L. machina, contrivance]
anesthesia m. equipment used for inhalation anesthesia, including flowmeters, vaporizers, and sources of compressed gases, but not including the anesthetic circuit or mechanisms for elimination of carbon dioxide.
heart-lung m. a device incorporating a blood pump (artificial heart) and a blood oxygenator (artificial lung) to provide extracorporeal circulation and oxygenation of the blood during cardiac surgery.
panoramic rotating m. an x-ray machine using a reciprocating motion of the tube and extraoral film to produce a radiograph of all the teeth and surrounding structures.

Mackay Mackay

R. Stuart, U.S. physicist, *1924. See M.-Marg tonometer.

Mackenrodt Mackenrodt

Alwin K., German gynecologist, 1859-1925. See M.'s ligament.

Mackenzie Mackenzie

Sir James, Scottish physician practicing in London, 1853-1925. See M.'s polygraph.

Mackenzie Mackenzie

Richard J., Scottish surgeon, 1821-1854. See M.'s amputation.

MacLachlan MacLachlan

Elsie A., 20th century researcher. See Lowe-Terrey-MacL. syndrome.

Macleod Macleod

William Mathieson, British physician, 1911-1977. See M.'s syndrome; Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome.

Macleod Macleod

Roderick, Scottish physician, 1795-1852. See M.'s rheumatism.

maclurin maclurin (ma-klur´in) [C.I. 75240]

A natural dye associated with morin and derived from fustic; used to dye fabrics with various metal mordants. It turns deep green on addition of ferric chloride.

MacNeal MacNeal

Ward J., U.S. bacteriologist, 1881-1946. See M.'s tetrachrome blood stain; Novy and M. blood agar.

macr- macr-

See macro-.

Macracanthorhynchus Macracanthorhynchus (mak´ra-kan-tho-ring´kus)

A genus of giant thorny-headed worms (class Acanthocephala). [macro- + G. akantha, thorn, + rhynchos, snout]
M. hirudina´ceus the giant thorny-headed worm of the pig, approximately the size of the giant roundworm (Ascaris); it inhabits the intestinal tract where nodules develop at the site of penetration of the spiny proboscis of each worm; it has occasionally been reported in man; transmission is by ingestion of infected insects, frequently dung beetles or cockroaches that have fed on feces of infected pigs containing viable eggs and have developed the cystacanth stage infective to the vertebrate host, including humans.

macrencephaly macrencephaly , macrencephalia (mak´ren-sef´a-le, -se-fa´le-a)

Hypertrophy of the brain; the condition of having a large brain. [macro- + G. enkephalos, brain]

macro- macro- , macr-

Large, long. See also mega-, megalo-. [G. makros]

macroadenoma macroadenoma (mak´ro-ad-e-no´ma)

A pituitary adenoma larger than 10 mm in diameter.

macroamylase macroamylase (mak-ro-am´i-las)

Descriptive term applied to a form of serum amylase in which the enzyme is present as a complex joined to a globulin; the molecular weight of the enzyme alone is 50,000, whereas that of the complex probably exceeds 160,000; hence, renal excretion of the complex is not appreciable.

macroamylasemia macroamylasemia (mak´ro-am´i-la-se´me-a)

A form of hyperamylasemia, in which a portion of serum amylase exists as macroamylase. [macroamylase + G. haima, blood]

macrobacterium macrobacterium (mak´ro-bak-ter´e-um)

megabacterium

macrobiosis macrobiosis (mak´ro-bI-o´sis)

longevity [macro- + G. bios, life]

macrobiote macrobiote (mak-ro-bI´ot)

An organism that is long-lived. [macro- + G. bios, life]

macrobiotic macrobiotic (mak´ro-bI-ot´ik)

1. Long-lived. 2. Tending to prolong life.

macrobiotics macrobiotics (mak´ro-bI-ot´iks)

The study of the prolongation of life.

macroblast macroblast (mak´ro-blast)

A large erythroblast. [macro- + G. blastos, germ]

macroblepharon macroblepharon (mak´ro-blef´ar-on)

An abnormally large eyelid. [macro- + G. blepharon, eyelid]

macrobrachia macrobrachia (mak-ro-bra´ke-a)

Condition of having abnormally thick or long arms. [macro- + G. brachion, arm]

macrocardia macrocardia (mak-ro-kar´de-a)

cardiomegaly

macrocephalic macrocephalic , macrocephalous (mak´ro-se-fal´ik, -sef´a-lus)

megacephalic [macro- + G. kephale, head]

macrocephaly macrocephaly , macrocephalia (mak-ro-sef´a-le, -se-fa´le-a)

megacephaly [macro- + G. kephale, head]

macrocheilia macrocheilia , macrochilia (mak-ro-kI´le-a)

1. Abnormally enlarged lips.macrolabia; 2. Cavernous lymphangioma of the lip, a condition of permanent swelling of the lip resulting from the presence of greatly distended lymphatic spaces.macrochilia; [macro- + G. cheilos, lip]

macrocheiria macrocheiria , macrochiria (mak-ro-kI´re-a)

A condition characterized by abnormally large hands.cheiromegaly, chiromegaly, megalocheiria, megalochiria; [macro- + G. cheir, hand]

macrochemistry macrochemistry (mak-ro-kem´is-tre)

The use of chemical procedures, the reactions of which (color change, effervescence, etc.) are visible to the unaided eye. Cf. microchemistry.

macrochilia macrochilia (mak-ro-kI´le-a)

macrocheilia

macrochylomicron macrochylomicron (mak´ro-kI-lo-mI´kron)

An unusually large chylomicron.

macrocnemia macrocnemia (mak-ro-ne´me-a)

A condition characterized by enlargement of the legs below the knee. [macro- + G. kneme, leg]

macrococcus macrococcus (mak´ro-kok´us)

megacoccus

macrocolon macrocolon (mak´ro-ko´lon)

A sigmoid colon of unusual length; a variety of megacolon.

macroconidium macroconidium, pl. macroconidia (mak´ro-ko-nid´e-um, -a)

1. A conidium, or exospore, of large size. 2. In fungi, the larger of two distinctively different-sized types of conidia in a single species, thick- or thin-walled and composed of 2 to 10 cells; characteristic of most dermatophytes and some other genera e.g., Histoplasma, Fusarium. [macro- + Mod. L. dim. fr. G. konis, dust]

macrocornea macrocornea (mak-ro-kor´ne-a)

An abnormally large cornea.

macrocranium macrocranium (mak-ro-kra´ne-um)

An enlarged skull, especially the bones containing the brain, as seen in hydrocephalus; the face appears relatively small in comparison.

macrocryoglobulin macrocryoglobulin (mak-ro-krI-o-glob´yu-lin)

A macroglobulin that has the properties of a cryoglobulin.

macrocryoglobulinemia macrocryoglobulinemia (mak´ro-krI-o-glob´yu-lin-e´me-a)

The presence of cold-precipitating macroglobulins in the peripheral blood; such macrocryoglobulins are often called cold hemagglutinins.

macrocyst macrocyst (mak´ro-sist)

A cyst of macroscopic proportions.

macrocytase macrocytase (mak-ro-sI´tas)

According to Metchnikoff, a cytase or complement, formed by the large uninuclear leukocytes, which is effective in the destruction of tissue cells, blood cells, etc.

macrocyte macrocyte (mak´ro-sIt)

A large erythrocyte, such as those observed in pernicious anemia.macroerythrocyte; [macro- + G. kytos, a hollow (cell)]

macrocythemia macrocythemia (mak´ro-sI-the´me-a)

The occurrence of unusually large numbers of macrocytes in the circulating blood.macrocytosis, megalocythemia, megalocytosis; [macrocyte + G. haima, blood]
hyperchromatic m. an inexact term frequently used for macrocytes that contain an unusually large amount of hemoglobin, but are actually normochromic; although the total mass of hemoglobin is greater than normal (owing to the large cells), the percentage of hemoglobin in the cells is not greater than normal.

macrocytosis macrocytosis (mak´ro-sI-to´sis)

macrocythemia [macrocyte + G. -osis, condition]

macrodactylia macrodactylia , macrodactylism , macrodactyly (mak-ro-dak-til´e-a, -dak´til-izm, dak´ti-le)

megadactyly

macrodont macrodont (mak´ro-dont)

1. A tooth of abnormally large and frequently distorted proportions; the condition may be localized or generalized. 2. Denoting a skull with a dental index above 44.megadont, megalodont; [macro- + G. odous (odont-), tooth]

macrodontia macrodontia , macrodontism (mak-ro-don´she-a, -don´tizm)

The state of having abnormally large teeth.megadontism, megalodontia;

macrodystrophia lipomatosa macrodystrophia lipomatosa (mak´ro-dis-tro´fe-a lip-o-ma-to´sa)

A rare nonfamilial disease characterized by enlargement of the fingers by lipomas, with painful degenerative arthropathy of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.

macroelements macroelements (mak´ro-el´e-ments)

Inorganic nutrients needed in relatively high daily amounts (i.e., more than 100 mg per day) e.g., calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc.macrominerals;

macroencephalon macroencephalon (mak´ro-en-sef´a-lon)

megaloencephalon [macro- + G. enkephalos, brain]

macroerythroblast macroerythroblast (mak´ro-e-rith´ro-blast)

A large erythroblast.macronormochromoblast;

macroerythrocyte macroerythrocyte (mak´ro-e-rith´ro-sIt)

macrocyte

macroesthesia macroesthesia (mak´ro-es-the´ze-a)

A subjective sensation that all objects are larger than they are. [macro- + G. aisthesis, sensation]

macrogamete macrogamete (mak-ro-gam´et)

The female element in anisogamy; it is the larger of the two sex cells, with more reserve material, and usually nonmotile.megagamete; [macro- + G. gamete, wife]

macrogametocyte macrogametocyte (mak´ro-ga-me´to-sIt)

The female gametocyte or mother cell producing the female or macrogamete among fungi or protozoa that undergo anisogamy.macrogamont;

macrogamont macrogamont (mak-ro-gam´ont)

macrogametocyte

macrogamy macrogamy (ma-krog´a-me)

Conjugation of two adult cells or gametes. [macro- + G. gamos, marriage]

macrogastria macrogastria (mak-ro-gas´tre-a)

megalogastria

macrogenitosomia macrogenitosomia (mak´ro-jen´i-to-so´me-a)

Excessive bodily and genital development. [macro- + L. genitalis, genital, + G. soma, body]
m. prae´cox a disorder in which gonadal maturation (puberty) and the adolescent growth spurt in bodily height occur in the first decade of life; often associated with a pineal tumor or lesions in hypothalamic areas known to regulate gonadotrophin secretion.Pellizzi's syndrome;
m. prae´cox su´prarena´lis precocious somatic growth and isosexual maturation of secondary sexual characteristics, resulting from an adrenocortical tumor.

macroglia macroglia (ma-krog´le-a)

astrocyte [macro- + G. glia, glue]

macroglobulinemia macroglobulinemia (mak´ro-glob´yu-li-ne´me-a)

The presence of increased levels of macroglobulins in the circulating blood.
Waldenström's m. m. occurring in elderly persons, characterized by proliferation of cells resembling lymphocytes or plasma cells in the bone marrow, anemia, increased sedimentation rate, and hyperglobulinemia with a narrow peak in gamma-globulin or beta₂-globulin at about 19 S units. The spleen, liver, or lymph nodes are often enlarged and there is frequently purpura or mucosal bleeding.hyperglobulinemic purpura, Waldenström's purpura, Waldenström's syndrome;

macroglobulins macroglobulins (mak-ro-glob´yu-lins)

Plasma globulins of unusually large molecular weight, e.g., as much as 1,000,000; a₂-macroglobulin inhibits thrombin and other proteases.

macroglossia macroglossia (mak-ro-glos´e-a)

Enlargement of the tongue, either developmental in origin or secondary to a neoplasm or vascular hamartoma.megaloglossia; [macro- + G. glossa, tongue]

macrognathia macrognathia (mak-ro-na´the-a)

Enlargement or elongation of the jaw.megagnathia; [macro- + G. gnathos, jaw]

macrography macrography (ma-krog´ra-fe)

Rarely used term for writing with very large letters.megalographia; [macro- + G. grapho, to write]

macrogyria macrogyria (mak-ro-jI´re-a)

pachygyria [macro- + G. gyros, circle (gyrus)]

macrolabia macrolabia (mak´ro-la´be-a)

macrocheilia (1) [macro- + L. labium, lip]

macroleukoblast macroleukoblast (mak-ro-lu´ko-blast)

An unusually large leukoblast.

macrolides macrolides (mak´ro-lIdz)

A class of antibiotics discovered in streptomycetes, characterized by molecules made up of large-ring lactones; e.g., erythromycin; many inhibit protein biosynthesis.

macromastia macromastia , macromazia (mak-ro-mas´te-a, -ma´ze-a)

Abnormally large breasts. See also hypermastia (2). [macro- + G. mastos, breast]

macromelanosome macromelanosome (mak-ro-mel´a-no-som)

giant melanosome

macromelia macromelia (mak-ro-me´le-a)

Abnormal size of one or more of the limbs.megalomelia; [macro- + G. melos, limb]

macromere macromere

A blastomere of large size, as in amphibians. [macro- + G. meros, part]

macromerozoite macromerozoite (mak´ro-mer-o-zo´It)

A large merozoite.megamerozoite; [macro- + G. meros, part, + zoon, animal]

macrominerals macrominerals (mak-ro-min-er-alz)

macroelements

macromolecule macromolecule (mak-ro-mol´e-kyul)

A molecule of colloidal size; e.g., proteins, polynucleic acids, polysaccharides.

macromonocyte macromonocyte (mak-ro-mon´o-sIt)

An unusually large monocyte.

macromyeloblast macromyeloblast (mak-ro-mI´e-lo-blast)

An abnormally large myeloblast.

macronormoblast macronormoblast (mak-ro-nor´mo-blast)

1. A large normoblast. 2. A large, incompletely hemoglobiniferous, nucleated red blood cell with a "cart-wheel" nucleus.

macronormochromoblast macronormochromoblast (mak´ro-nor-mo-kro´mo-blast)

macroerythroblast

macronucleus macronucleus (mak-ro-nu´kle-us)

1. A nucleus that occupies a relatively large portion of the cell, or the larger nucleus where two or more are present in a cell.meganucleus; 2. The larger of the two nuclei in ciliates, which governs vegetative metabolic functions and not reproduction.somatic nucleus, trophic nucleus, trophonucleus; See also micronucleus (2).

macronutrients macronutrients (mak-ro-nu´tre-ents)

Nutrients required in the greatest amount; e.g., carbohydrates, protein, fats.

macronychia macronychia (mak-ro-nik´e-a)

Abnormally large fingernails or toenails.megalonychosis; [macro- + G. onyx, nail]

macroorchidism macroorchidism (mak-ro-or´kI-dizm)

Having abnormally large testes; seen in males with fragile X syndrome. [macro- + G. orchis (orchid-), testicle]

macroparasite macroparasite (mak-ro-par´a-sIt)

A parasite, such as a louse or an intestinal worm, that is visible to the naked eye.

macropathology macropathology (mak´ro-pa-thol´o-je)

The phase of pathology that pertains to the gross anatomical changes in disease.

macropenis macropenis (mak-ro-pe´nis)

An abnormally large penis.macrophallus;

macrophage macrophage (mak´ro-faj)

Any mononuclear, actively phagocytic cell arising from monocytic stem cells in the bone marrow; these cells are widely distributed in the body and vary in morphology and motility, though most are large, long-lived cells with a nearly round nucleus and have abundant endocytic vacuoles, lysosomes, and phagolysosomes. Phagocytic activity is typically mediated by serum recognition factors, including certain immunoglobulins and components of the complement system, but also may be nonspecific for some inert materials and bacteria, as in the case of alveolar m.'s; m.'s also are involved in both the production of antibodies and in cell-mediated immune responses, participate in presenting antigens to lymphocytes, and secrete a variety of immunoregulatory molecules.clasmatocyte, macrophagocyte, rhagiocrine cell; [macro- + G. phago, to eat]
activated m. a mature m., in an active metabolic state, that is cytotoxic to tumor/target cells, usually following exposure to certain cytokines.armed m;
alveolar m. a vigorously phagocytic m. on the epithelial surface of lung alveoli where it ingests inhaled particulate matter.coniophage, dust cell;
armed m. activated m
associated m. a mature m. in an active metabolic state that is cytotoxic to tumor/target cells, usually following exposure to certain cytokines.
fixed m. a relatively immotile m. found in connective tissue, lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow.resting wandering cell;
free m. an actively motile m. typically found in sites of inflammation.
Hansemann m. large histiocytes with abundant cytoplasm that may contain Michaelis-Gutmann bodies and one or several nuclei; described in lesions of malacoplakia.
inflammatory m. a m. found at sites of inflammation.

macrophagocyte macrophagocyte (mak-ro-fag´o-sIt)

macrophage

macrophallus macrophallus (mak-ro-fal´lus)

macropenis [macro- + G. phallos, penis]

macrophthalmia macrophthalmia (mak-rof-thal´me-a)

megalophthalmos [macro- + G. ophthalmos, eye]

macropodia macropodia (mak-ro-po´de-a)

Abnormally large feet.megalopodia, pes gigas; [macro- + G. pous, foot]

macropolycyte macropolycyte (mak-ro-pol´e-sIt)

An unusually large polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte that contains a multisegmented nucleus (e.g., 8, 10, or more lobes); the arrangement of chromatin is less compact than in the normal neutrophil, and the cytoplasmic granules tend to be larger and more acidophilic. Such changes frequently precede significant alterations in the red blood cells, e.g., as in pernicious anemia and certain other forms of anemia. [macro- + G. polys, many, + kytos, cell]

macropromyelocyte macropromyelocyte (mak´ro-pro-mI´e-lo-sIt)

An unusually large promyelocyte.

macroprosopia macroprosopia (mak´ro-pro-so´pe-a)

A condition in which the face is too large in proportion to the size of the cranial vault.megaprosopia; [macro- + G. prosopon, face]

macroprosopous macroprosopous (mak-ro-pro´so-pus, -pro-so´pus)

Relating to or exhibiting macroprosopia.megaprosopous;

macropsia macropsia (ma-krop´se-a)

Perception of objects as larger than they are.megalopia, megalopsia; [macro- + G. opsis, vision]

macrorhinia macrorhinia (mak-ro-rin´e-a)

Excessive size of the nose, either congenital or pathologic. [macro- + G. rhis (rhin-), nose]

macroscelia macroscelia (mak-ro-se´le-a)

Abnormally increased length or thickness of the legs. [macro- + G. skelos, leg]

macroscopic macroscopic (mak-ro-skop´ik)

1. Of a size visible with the naked eye or without the use of a microscope. 2. Relating to macroscopy.

macroscopy macroscopy (ma-kros´ko-pe)

Examination of objects with the naked eye. [macro- + G. skopeo, to view]

macrosigmoid macrosigmoid (mak-ro-sig´moyd)

Enlargement or dilation of the sigmoid colon.megasigmoid;

macrosis macrosis (ma-kro´sis)

Increase in length or volume. [G.]

macrosmatic macrosmatic (mak´roz-mat´ik)

Denoting an abnormally keen olfactory sense. [macro- + G. osme, smell]

macrosomia macrosomia (mak-ro-so´me-a)

Abnormally large size of the body.megasomia; [macro- + G. soma, body]

macrosplanchnic macrosplanchnic (mak-ro-splangk´nik)

megalosplanchnic

macrospore macrospore (mak´ro-spor)

The larger of two spore types of certain protozoans or fungi.megalospore, megaspore; [macro- + G. sporos, seed]

macrostereognosis macrostereognosis (mak´ro-ster-e-og-no´sis)

An error of perception in which objects appear larger than they are. [macro- + G. stereos, solid, + gnosis, recognition]

macrostomia macrostomia (mak-ro-sto´me-a)

Abnormally large size of the mouth resulting from failure of fusion between the maxillary and mandibular processes of the embryonic face. [macro- + G. stoma, mouth]

macrotia macrotia (mak-ro´she-a)

Congenital excessive enlargement of the auricle, particularly the pinna. [macro- + G. ous, ear]

macrotome macrotome (mak´ro-tom)

An instrument for making gross anatomical sections. [macro- + G. tome, cutting]

macula macula, pl. maculae (mak´yu-la, -yu-le)

1. [NA] A small spot, perceptibly different in color from the surrounding tissue. 2. A small, discolored patch or spot on the skin, neither elevated above nor depressed below the skin's surface. See also spot.macule, spot (1); [L. a spot]
mac´ulae acus´ticae See m. of saccule, m. of utricle.
m. adher´ens desmosome
m. al´bida, pl. mac´ulae al´bidae gray-white or white, rounded or irregularly shaped, slightly opaque patches or spots that are sometimes observed postmortem in the epicardium, especially in middle-aged or older persons; they result from fibrous thickening, and sometimes hyalinization, of the epicardium; similar lesions may also occur in the visceral layer of the peritoneum.m. lactea, m. tendinea, tache blanche, tache laiteuse (2), tendinous spot, white spot;
m. atroph´ica an atrophic glistening white spot on the skin.
m. ceru´lea a bluish stain on the skin caused by the bites of fleas or lice, especially pediculosis pubis.blue spot (1), tache bleuâtre;
m. commu´nicans gap junction
m. commu´nis the thickened area in the medial wall of the auditory vesicle that later subdivides to form the maculae of the sacculus and utriculus as well as the cristae of the ampullae of the semicircular ducts.
m. cor´neae a moderately dense opacity of the cornea.corneal spot;
m. cribro´sa, pl. mac´ulae cribro´sae [NA] one of three areas on the wall of the vestibule of the labyrinth, marked by numerous foramina giving passage to nerve filaments supplying portions of the membranous labyrinth; m. cribrosa inferior , located in the posterior bony ampulla for passage of posterior ampullary nerve fibers; m. cribrosa media , area near the base of the cochlea through which the saccular nerve fibers pass; m. cribrosa superior , perforated area above the elliptical recess for passage of the utriculoampullary nerve fibers; m. cribrosa quarta , a name sometimes applied to the opening for the cochlear nerve.
m. den´sa a closely packed group of densely staining cells in the distal tubular epithelium of a nephron, in direct apposition to the juxtaglomerular cells; they may function as either chemoreceptors or as baroreceptors feeding information to the juxtaglomerular cells.
false m. an extrafoveal point of fixation.
m. fla´va a yellowish spot at the anterior extremity of the rima glottidis where the two vocal folds join.
m. germinati´va archaic term for the nucleolus in the nucleus of an ovum; also refers to any germinal area.
m. gonorrho´ica a spot of red brighter than the surrounding membrane, at the congested orifice of the duct of Bartholin's gland, sometimes seen in gonorrhea.Saenger's m;
honeycomb m. edema of the macular region of the retina.
m. lac´tea m. albida
m. lu´tea m. retinae
mongolian m. mongolian spot
m. pellu´cida follicular stigma
m. ret´inae [NA] an oval area of the sensory retina, 3 by 5 mm, temporal to the optic disk corresponding to the posterior pole of the eye; at its center is the central fovea, which contains only retinal cones.area centralis, m. lutea, macular area, punctum luteum, Soemmerring's spot, yellow spot;
m. of saccule the oval neuroepithelial sensory receptor in the anterior wall of the saccule; hair cells of the neuroepithelium support the statoconial membrane and have terminal arborizations of vestibular nerve fibers around their bodies.m. sacculi [NA], saccular spot;
m. sac´culi [NA] m. of saccule
Saenger's m. m. gonorrhoica
m. tendin´ea m. albida
m. of utricle the neuroepithelial sensory receptor in the inferolateral wall of the utricle; hair cells of the neuroepithelium support the statoconial membrane and have terminal arborizations of vestibular nerve fibers around their bodies; sensitive to linear acceleration in the longitudinal axis of the body and to gravitational influences.m. utriculi [NA], utricular spot;
m. utric´uli [NA] m. of utricle

macular macular , maculate (mak´yu-lar, -lat)

1. Relating to or marked by macules. 2. Denoting the central retina, especially the macula retinae.

maculation maculation (mak-yu-la´shun)

The formation or the presence of macules.

macule macule (mak´yul)

macula [L. macula, spot]

maculocerebral maculocerebral (mak´yu-lo-ser´e-bral)

Relating to the macula lutea and the brain; denoting a type of nervous disease marked by degenerative lesions in both the retina and the brain.

maculoerythematous maculoerythematous (mak´yu-lo-er-i-the´ma-tus)

Denoting lesions that are erythematous and macular, covering wide areas.

maculopapule maculopapule (mak´yu-lo-pap´yul)

A lesion with a flat base surrounding a papule in the center.

maculopathy maculopathy (mak-yu-lop´a-the)

Any pathological condition of the macula lutea.macular retinopathy;
bull's-eye m. an ocular condition in which edema or degeneration of the sensory retina at the posterior pole of the eye causes alternating areas of light and dark, as in a target; seen in toxic, inflammatory, and hereditary conditions.
cystoid m. cystic degeneration of the central retina that may occur after cataract extraction, in senile macular degeneration, and in other retinal abnormalities.
familial pseudoinflammatory m. familial macular degeneration resembling inflammatory changes.
nicotinic acid m. m. observed in persons taking 3000 mg or more of nicotinic acid daily; normal vision returns after this medication is discontinued.
solar m. damage to the fovea centralis of the retina and the adjacent choroid due to the thermal action of infrared rays, consequent to sungazing or watching a solar eclipse without sufficient eye protection. See also photoretinopathy.eclipse blindness, solar blindness;

mad mad

A non-medical, pejorative term for: 1. Rabid. 2. Mentally ill; insane. [A.S. gemad]

madarosis madarosis

alopecia adnata

madarosis madarosis (mad-a-ro´sis)

milphosis [G. a falling off of the eyelashes, fr. madao, to fall off (of hair)]

madder madder (mad´er)

1. The dried and powdered root of Rubia tinctorum (family Rubiaceae); it contains several glycosides that upon fermentation give the red dyes, alizarin and purpurin. When m. (or alizarin) is fed to young animals, the calcium in newly deposited bone salt, hydroxyapatite, is stained red. 2. Any dye obtained from plants of the madder family (Rubiaceae).turkey red; [A.S. maedere]

Maddox Maddox

Ernest E., English ophthalmologist, 1860-1933. See M.'s rod.

Madelung Madelung

Otto W., German surgeon, 1846-1926. See M.'s deformity, disease, neck.

madescent madescent (ma-des´ent)

Becoming moist; slightly moist. [L. madesco, to become moist]

madidans madidans (mad´i-danz)

Moist; denoting certain skin lesions. [L. madido, pres. p. -ans, to moisten]

Madlener Madlener

Max, German surgeon, 1868-1951. See M. operation.

madness madness (mad´nes)

The state of being mad.

Madsen Madsen

Thorvald J.M., *1870. See Arrhenius-M. theory.

Madurella Madurella (mad´yu-rel´a)

A genus of fungi including a number of species, such as M. grisea and M. mycetomi, that cause mycetoma. [Madura, India]

maduromycosis maduromycosis (mad´yu-ro-mI-ko´sis)

mycetoma (1) [Madura, India, + mycosis]

maedi maedi (ma´de)

A chronic, progressive, contagious interstitial pneumonitis of sheep in Europe and the U.S. caused by a "slow virus" (family Lentiviridae); it is now believed that maedi and visna are two histopathological and clinical manifestations of the same viral infection.ovine progressive pneumonia; [Icelandic, dyspnea]

MAF MAF

Abbreviation for macrophage-activating factor.

mafenide mafenide (ma´fe-nId)

a-Amino-p-toluenesulfonamide;a topical antibacterial agent active against anaerobic pathogens. M. acetate is the preferred salt for ointment; m. hydrochloride is the preferred salt for solution.4-homosulfanilamide;

Maffucci Maffucci

Angelo, Italian physician, 1847-1903. See M.'s syndrome.

magaldrate magaldrate (mag´al-drat)

A chemical combination of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, used as an antacid.

Magendie Magendie

François, French physiologist, 1783-1855. See M.'s foramen; Bell-M. law; M.'s law, spaces, under space; M.-Hertwig sign, syndrome.

magenstrasse magenstrasse (mag´en-stras´e)

gastric canal [Ger. Magen, stomach, + Strasse, road]

maggot maggot (mag´ot)

A fly larva or grub.
cheese m. Philopia casei
surgical m. a sterilized botfly maggot used in an obsolete therapy of wound debridement and removal of abscessed tissues.
wool m. the larva of one of several species of blowflies which deposit eggs on sheep, causing myiasis.fleece worm;

magistral magistral (maj´is-tral)

Denoting a preparation compounded according to a physician's prescription, in contrast to officinal (derived from a pharmacist's stock). [L. magister, master]

magma magma (mag´ma)

1. A soft mass left after extraction of the active principles. 2. A salve or thick paste. [G. a soft mass or salve, fr. masso, to knead]
m. reticula´re delicate noncellular strands running between the yolk sac and the outer wall of the blastocyst which is the early chorionic sac.

Magnan Magnan

Valentin J.J., Paris psychiatrist, 1835-1916. See M.'s trombone movement, sign.

magnesia magnesia (mag-ne´zhuh)

magnesium oxide [see magnesium]
calcined m. magnesium oxide
m. magma milk of magnesia

magnesium (Mg) magnesium (Mg) (mag-ne´ze-um)

An alkaline earth element, atomic no. 12, atomic wt. 24.3050, that oxidizes to magnesia; a bioelement, many salts have clinical applications. [Mod. L. fr. G. Magnesia, a region in Thessaly]
m. aluminum silicate an antacid.aluminum magnesium silicate;
m. bacteriopheophytinate See bacteriochlorophyll.
m. benzoate has been used in gout and rheumatoid arthritis.
m. carbonate used in gastric and intestinal acidity and as a laxative.
m. chloride MgCl₂. 6H₂O;has been used as a laxative.
m. citrate Mg₃(C₆H₅O₇)₂. 14H₂O;a laxative; usually administered as an effervescent flavored beverage.
effervescent m. citrate m. carbonate, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, and sugar, moistened with alcohol, passed through a sieve, and dried to a coarse granular powder; used as a laxative.
effervescent m. sulfate effervescent Epsom salt; m. sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, tartaric acid, and citric acid, moistened, passed through a sieve, and dried to a coarse granular powder; a purgative.
m. hydroxide Mg(OH)₂;an antacid and laxative.
m. lactate a laxative.
m. oxide used as an antacid and laxative.calcined magnesia, magnesia;
m. peroxide decomposes in water to hydrogen peroxide; used as an ingredient in dentifrices and in antiseptic dusting powder.
m. phytinates chlorophyll a and b.chlorophyll
m. salicylate a sodium-free salicylate derivative with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic actions; used for relief of mild to moderate pain.
m. stearate a compound of m. with variable proportions of stearic and palmitic acids; used in the preparation of tablets, as a lubricant, and as an ingredient in some baby powders.
m. sulfate active ingredient of most natural laxative waters; used as a promptly acting cathartic in certain poisonings, in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure and edema, as an anticonvulsant in eclampsia (when administered intravenously), and as an anti-inflammatory (when applied locally).Epsom salts;
tribasic m. phosphate Mg₃(PO₄)₂. 5H₂O;tertiary m. phosphate, it is used as an antacid but it does not produce systemic alkalization; 1 g is equivalent in neutralizing power to about 0.46 g of sodium bicarbonate.
m. trisilicate 2MgO. 3SiO₂. nH₂O;a compound of m. oxide and silicon dioxide with varying proportions of water; occurs in nature as meerschaum, pararepiolite, and repiolite; a gastric antacid.

magnet magnet

1. A body that has the property of attracting particles of iron, cobalt, nickel, or any of various metallic alloys and that when freely suspended tends to assume a definite direction between the magnetic poles of the earth (magnetic polarity). 2. A bar or horseshoe-shaped piece of iron or steel that has been made magnetic by contact with another m. or, as in an electromagnet, by passage of electric current around a metallic (iron) core. 3. An electromagnet built in a cynlindrical configuration to accommodate a patient in its core, for magnetic resonance imaging. [G. magnes]
superconducting m. a m. whose coils are cooled, usually with liquid helium, to a temperature at which the metal becomes superconducting, effectively removing all electrical resistance.

magnetic magnetic

1. Relating to or characteristic of a magnet. 2. Possessing magnetism.

magnetism magnetism (mag´ne-tizm)

The property of mutual attraction or repulsion possessed by magnets.
animal m. a psychic force akin to the property of mutual attraction or repulsion possessed by metal magnets and once believed to be the principal factor in hypnosis, which thus was called animal m. See hypnosis, mesmerism.

magnetocardiography magnetocardiography (mag´ne-to-kar-de-og´ra-fe)

Measurement of the magnetic field of the heart, produced by the same ionic currents that generate the electrocardiogram, and showing characteristic P, QRS, T, and U waves.

magnetoencephalogram (MEG) magnetoencephalogram (MEG) (mag-ne´to-en-sef´a-lo-gram)

A gauss-time record of the magnetic field of the brain.

magnetoencephalography magnetoencephalography (mag-ne´to-en-sef-a-log´ra-fe)

The process of recording the brain's magnetic field.

magnetometer magnetometer (mag-ne-tom´e-ter)

An instrument for detecting and measuring the magnetic field.

magneton magneton (mag´ne-ton)

A unit of measurement of the magnetic moment of a particle (e.g., atom or subatomic particle).
Bohr m. a constant in the equation relating the difference in energies between parallel and antiparallel spin alignments of electrons in a magnetic field; the net magnetic moment of one unpaired electron; used in electron spin resonance spectrometry for detection and estimation of free radicals.electron m;
electron m. Bohr m
nuclear m. a constant in the equation relating the difference in energies between parallel and antiparallel spin alignments of atomic nuclei in a magnetic field; used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry.

magnetotherapy magnetotherapy (mag-ne´to-thar´a-pe)

Attempted treatment of disease by application of magnets.

magnification magnification (mag´ni-fi-ka´shun)

1. The seeming increase in size of an object viewed under the microscope; when noted, this increased size is expressed by a figure preceded by x, indicating the number of times its diameter is enlarged. 2. The increased amplitude of a tracing, as of a muscular contraction, caused by the use of a lever with a long writing arm, i.e., one in which the fulcrum is placed nearer to the muscle than to the writing point. [L. magnifico, pp. -atus, to magnify]

magnitude magnitude (mag´ni-tud)

Size or extent.
average pulse m. the amplitude of pulse averaged throughout its duration; identical with peak amplitude for a square wave or pulse without droop.
peak m. the greatest amplitude.

magnocellular magnocellular (mag´no-sel´yu-lar)

Composed of cells of large size. [L. magnus, large, + cellular]

magnum magnum (mag´num)

capitate (1) [L. magnus, large]

Magnus Magnus

Rudolph, German physiologist, 1873-1927. See M.'s sign.

magnus magnus (mag´nus)

Large; great; denoting a structure of large size. [L.]

Mahaim Mahaim

I. See M. fibers, under fiber.

Ma-huang Ma-huang (mah-hwahng)

Name for Ephedra equisetina. [Chinese]

MAI MAI

Abbreviation for Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. See also Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex.

maidenhead maidenhead (ma´den-hed)

Obsolete term for the intact hymen of a virgin.

maidism maidism (ma´dizm)

pellagra [Zea mays, maize]

Maier Maier

Rudolf, German physician, 1824-1888. See M.'s sinus.

maim maim (mam)

To disable or cripple by an injury.

main main (man)

hand [Fr.]
m. d'accoucheur accoucheur's hand
m. en crochet a permanent flexure of the fourth and fifth fingers, resembling the hand of a woman crocheting with three fingers bent to guide the thread.
m. en griffe clawhand
m. en lorgnette opera-glass hand
m. fourchée cleft hand
m. succulente Marinesco's succulent hand

mainframe mainframe (man´fram)

A large digital computer, such as would be used in a hospital for information management. Cf. mini.

mainstreaming mainstreaming (man´strem-ing)

Providing the least restrictive environment (socially, physically, and educationally) for chronically disabled individuals by introducing them into the natural environment rather than segregating them into homogeneous groups living in sheltered environments under constant supervision.

maintainer maintainer (man-ta´ner)

A device utilized to hold or keep teeth in a given position.
space m. an orthodontic appliance used to prevent the loss of space or the shifting of teeth following extraction or premature loss of teeth.space retainer;

maintenance maintenance (man´ten-ans)

1. A therapeutic regimen intended to preserve benefit. Cf. compliance (2), adherence (2). 2. The extent to which the patient continues good heath practices without supervision, incorporating them into a general life-style. Cf. compliance. [M.E., fr O.Fr., fr. Mediev. L. manuteneo, to hold in the hand]

maise oil maise oil (maz)

corn oil

Maissiat Maissiat

Jacques H., French anatomist, 1805-1878. See M.'s band.

Majocchi Majocchi

Domenico, Italian dermatologist, 1849-1929. See M. granulomas, under granuloma; M.'s disease.

major major (ma´jor)

Larger or greater in size of two similar structures. [L. comparative of magnus, great]

Makeham Makeham

William Matthew, English actuary, 1892. See M.'s hypothesis.

mal mal (mahl)

A disease or disorder. [Fr. fr. L. malum, an evil]
m. de caderas a disease of horses in some South American countries caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma equinum and manifested by emaciation, remittent fever, weakness (especially of the hindquarters, from which the disease gets its name), and eventually death; the trypanosome has a reservoir in the giant rodent, the capybara; cattle, sheep, and goats are only mildly affected; humans are not susceptible.
m. de Cayenne elephantiasis
m. de la rosa , m. rosso pellagra
m. de los pintos pinta
m. de Meleda endemic symmetrical keratoderma of the extremities occurring on the island of Meleda off the coast of Dalmatia.
m. de mer seasickness
m. de San Lazaro elephantiasis
grand m. (grahn) generalized tonic-clonic seizure
m. perforant perforating ulcer of foot
petit m. (pe-te´) type of seizure. [Fr. small]

mal- mal-

Ill, bad; opposite of eu-. Cf. dys-, caco-. [L. malus, bad]

mala mala (ma´la)

1. cheek 2. zygomatic bone [L. cheek bone]

malabsorption malabsorption (mal-ab-sorp´shun)

Imperfect, inadequate, or otherwise disordered gastrointestinal absorption.
congenital selective glucose and galactose m. an inherited disorder in which d-glucose and d-galactose accumulate in the intestinal lumen and exert an osmotic effect; leads to abdominal fullness, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
enterocyte cobalamin m. an inherited disorder of impaired transintestinal transport of cobalamin; symptoms are similar to a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.
fructose m. an inborn error in metabolism in which oral d-fructose is incompletely absorbed; results in abdominal symptoms and diarrhea.
hereditary folate m. an inherited disorder in which there is defective transport of folates in intestine and choroid plexus, results in megaloblastic anemia and neurologic abnormalities.

Malacarne Malacarne

Michele V.G., Italian surgeon, 1744-1816. See M.'s pyramid, space.

malachite green malachite green (mal´a-kIt) [C.I. 42000]

Tetramethyl-di-p-aminotriphenylcarbinol;a dye that has been used as a wound antiseptic, as a treatment of mycotic skin infections, and in biological staining of tissues and bacteria. [G. malache, a mallow]

malacia malacia (ma-la´she-a)

A softening or loss of consistency and contiguity in any of the organs or tissues. Also used as a combining form in the suffix position.mollities (2); malacosis; [G. malakia, a softness]

malacic malacic (ma-la´sik)

malacotic

malaco- malaco-

Soft, softening. [G. malakos, soft; malakia, a softness]

malacoplakia malacoplakia , malakoplakia (mal´a-ko-pla´ke-a, mal´a-ko-pla´ke-a)

Rare lesion in the mucosa of the urinary bladder and other organs, more frequent in women, characterized by numerous mottled yellow and gray soft plaques and nodules that consist of numerous macrophages and calcospherites (Michaelis-Guttmann bodies) that may form around intracellular bacteria, usually Escherichia coli. [malaco- + G. plax, plate, plaque]

malacosis malacosis (mal´a-ko´sis)

malacia

malacotic malacotic (mal´a-kot´ik)

Pertaining to or characterized by malacia.malacic;

malacotomy malacotomy (mal´a-kot´o-me)

Obsolete term for incision of soft parts, especially of the abdominal wall. [malaco- + G. tome, incision]

malactic malactic (ma-lak´tik)

emollient [G. malaktikos, softening]

maladie maladie (mal´a-de´)

malady [Fr.]
m. de Roger Roger's disease [Fr.]
m. des jambes (mal´a-de´ de zhamb´) ill-defined disease seen among rice-growers in Louisiana.

maladjustment maladjustment (mal-ad-just´ment)

In the mental health professions, an inability to cope with the problems and challenges of everyday living. [mal- + adjust, fr. O.Fr. adjuster, fr. L.L. adjuxto, to put close to, + -ment]
social m. m. without manifest psychiatric disorder, as that occasioned by an inability to cope with social situations.

malady malady (mal´a-de)

A disease or illness.maladie; [Fr. maladie, illness]

malagma malagma (ma-lag´ma)

A cataplasm or emollient. [G. a poultice]

malaise malaise (ma-laz´)

A feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness, an "out-of-sorts" feeling, often the first indication of an infection or other disease. [Fr. discomfort]

malalignment malalignment (mal-a-lIn´ment)

Displacement of a tooth or teeth from a normal position in the dental arch.

malar malar (ma´lar)

Relating to the mala, the cheek or cheek bones.

malaria malaria (ma-lar´e-a)

A disease caused by the presence of the sporozoan Plasmodium in human or other vertebrate red blood cells, usually transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus Anopheles that previously sucked the blood from a person with m. Human infection begins with the exoerythrocytic cycle in liver parenchyma cells, followed by a series of erythrocytic schizogenous cycles repeated at regular intervals; production of gametocytes in other red cells provides future gametes for another mosquito infection; characterized by episodic severe chills and high fever, prostration, occasionally fatal termination. See tropical diseases, under disease. See also Plasmodium.jungle fever, marsh fever, paludal fever, swamp fever (2); [It. malo (fem. mala), bad, + aria, air, referring to the old theory of the miasmatic origin of the disease]
acute m. a form of m. that may be intermittent or remittent, consisting of a chill accompanied and followed by fever with its attendant general symptoms, and terminating in a sweating stage; the paroxysms, caused by release of merozoites from infected cells, recur every 48 hours in tertian (vivax or ovale) m., every 72 hours in quartan (malariae) m., and at indefinite but frequent intervals, usually about 48 hours, in malignant tertian (falciparum) m.
algid m. a form of falciparum m. chiefly involving the gut and other abdominal viscera; gastric algid m. is characterized by persistent vomiting; dysenteric algid m. is characterized by bloody diarrheic stools in which enormous numbers of infected red blood cells are found.
autochthonous m. disease acquired by mosquito transmission in an area where m. regularly occurs.
avian m. plasmodial infections of domestic and wild birds, transmitted chiefly by culicine mosquitoes.
benign tertian m. vivax m
bilious remittent m. a form of falciparum m. characterized by bilious vomiting, bilious diarrhea, etc.
cerebral m. a form of falciparum m. characterized by cerebral involvement, with extreme hyperthermia and headache, and a case fatality rate of about 50%.
chronic m. m. that develops after frequently repeated attacks of one of the acute forms, usually falciparum m.; it is characterized by profound anemia, enlargement of the spleen, emaciation, mental depression, sallow complexion, edema of ankles, feeble digestion, and muscular weakness.limnemia, malarial cachexia;
m. comato´sa falciparum m. complicated by coma.
double tertian m. See quotidian m.
dysenteric algid m. See algid m.
falciparum m. m. caused by Plasmodium falciparum and characterized by malarial paroxysms of severe form that occur every 48 hours with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations in severe cases, chiefly caused by the large number of red blood cells affected and the tendency for infected red cells to become sticky and clump, thus blocking capillaries. See also malarial knobs, under knob.aestivoautumnal fever, falciparum fever, malignant tertian fever, malignant tertian m., pernicious m;
gastric algid m. See algid m.
induced m. m. acquired by artificial means, e.g., via blood transfusion, common syringes, or malariotherapy.
intermittent m. a malarial fever, usually of the tertian or quartan type, in which there is complete apyrexia, with absence of the other symptoms, in the intervals between the paroxysms.
malariae m. a malarial fever with paroxysms that recur every 72 hours or every fourth day, reckoning the day of the paroxysm as the first; due to the schizogony and release of merozoites from infected cells, with invasion of new red blood corpuscles by Plasmodium malariae.quartan fever, quartan m;
malignant tertian m. falciparum m
monkey m. simian m
nonan m. a malarial fever with paroxysms that occur every ninth day, i.e., every eighth day following the preceding paroxysm, the day of each paroxysm being included in the computation.
ovale m. , ovale tertian m. m. caused by Plasmodium ovale.
pernicious m. falciparum m
quartan m. malariae m
quotidian m. m. in which the paroxysms occur daily; usually a double tertian m., in which there is an infection by two distinct groups of Plasmodium vivax parasites sporulating alternately every 48 hours, but also may be an infection by the pernicious form of malarial parasite, P. falciparum, combined with P. vivax, or infection by two distinct P. falciparum generations, which mature on different days; also may develop from infection with P. knowlesi.quotidian fever;
relapsing m. renewal of clinical activity at some interval after the primary attack.
remittent m. a malarial fever, usually of the severe falciparum type, in which the temperature falls but not to the normal level during the interval between two pronounced paroxysms.
simian m. plasmodial infection of monkeys and apes, as with human m., transmitted chiefly by anopheline mosquitoes; a number of Plasmodium species are responsible, with Southeast Asia and Africa being the apparent centers of evolution; among the 20 plasmodial agents described from nonhuman primates, some resemble and induce a malarial infection similar to those caused by the four species of Plasmodium from humans, from which the agents of human m. appear to be derived.monkey m;
tertian m. vivax m
therapeutic m. intentionally induced m., formerly used against neurosyphilis and certain other paralytic diseases; the mechanism is thought to be immunological, with Plasmodium antibodies cross-reacting against the spirochetes or other agents.
vivax m. a malarial fever with paroxysms that recur every 48 hours or every other day (every third day, reckoning the day of the paroxysm as the first); the fever is induced by release of merozoites and their invasion of new red blood corpuscles.benign tertian m., tertian fever, tertian m., vivax fever;

malarial malarial (ma-lar´e-al)

Pertaining to or affected with malaria.

malariology malariology (ma-lar-e-ol´o-je)

A study of malaria in all aspects, with particular reference to epidemiology and control.

malarious malarious (ma-lar´e-us)

Relating to or characterized by the prevalence of malaria.

Malassez Malassez

Louis C., French physiologist, 1842-1910. See Malassezia; M.'s epithelial rests, under rest.

Malassezia Malassezia (mal-a-sa´ze-a)

A genus of fungi (family Cryptococcaceae) of low pathogenicity that lack the ability to synthesize medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids, and require an exogenous supply of these lipids for growth as can be found in the skin. [L. C. Malassez]
M. fur´fur a fungus species which causes tinea versicolor and which may cause folliculitis.Pityrosporum orbiculare;
M. ova´lis a species of yeast found in superficial epidermal scales and hair follicles on oily skin, of borderline pathogenicity; may cause seborrheic dermatitis associated with immune deficiency.Pityrosporum ovale;

malassimilation malassimilation (mal´a-sim-i-la´shun)

Rarely used term for incomplete or faulty assimilation; malabsorption.

malate malate (mal´at)

A salt or ester of malic acid.
m. dehydrogenase an enzyme that catalyzes, through NAD⁺ or NADP+, the dehydrogenation of malate to oxaloacetate or its decarboxylation to pyruvate and CO₂. At least six are known, distinguished by their products, use of NAD⁺ or NADP+, and specificity of substrate (one acts on d-m.; the rest act on l-m.); one is an enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.malic acid dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, pyruvic-malic carboxylase;
m. synthase an enzyme catalyzing the reversible condensation of acetyl-CoA with glyoxylate and water to form l-malate and coenzyme A; an enzyme in the glyoxylate cycle.glyoxylate transacetylase, malate-condensing enzyme;

malathion malathion (mal-a-thI´on, ma-la´thi-on)

S-(1,2-Dicarboxyethyl)-O,O-dimethyldithiophosphate;an organophosphorous compound used as an insecticide and veterinary ectoparasiticide; considered to be less toxic than parathion.

malaxation malaxation (mal´ak-sa´shun)

1. Formation of ingredients into a mass for pills and plasters. 2. A kneading process in massage. [L. malaxo, pp. -atus, to soften]

maldigestion maldigestion (mal-dI-jes´chun)

Imperfect digestion.

Maldonado-San Jose stain Maldonado-San Jose stain

See under stain.

male male (mal)

1. In zoology, denoting the sex to which those belong that produce spermatozoa; an individual of that sex. 2. masculine [L. masculus, fr. mas, male]
genetic human m. 1. an individual with a karyotype containing a Y chromosome; 2. an individual whose cell nuclei do not contain Barr sex chromatin bodies, which are normally present in females. Patients with ambiguous sexual development and those with Turner's syndrome are classed as genetic m.'s or genetic females according to the absence or presence of Barr bodies even though their sex chromosome complement may suggest otherwise.
XX m. a clear male phenotype in the presence of a 46,XX karyotype; presumably the vital parts of the Y chromosome are located elsewhere in the genome as a result of translocation at least in some of these persons.
XXY m. See Klinefelter's syndrome.
XYY m. See XYY syndrome.

Malecot Malecot

Achille-Etienne, French surgeon, *1852. See M. catheter.

maleic acid maleic acid (ma-le´ik)

HOOC-CH=CH-COOH; (Z)-butenedioic acid;the cis isomer of fumaric acid; used for preparing maleate salts of antihistaminics and similar drugs.toxilic acid;

malemission malemission (mal-e-mish´un)

Failure of semen to be ejected from the penis in coitus. [mal- + L. e-mitto, pp. missus, to send out]

maleruption maleruption (mal-e-rup´shun)

Faulty eruption of teeth.

maleylacetoacetate maleylacetoacetate (mal´a-il-as´e-to-as´e-tat)

^-OOC-CH=CH-COCH₂COCH₂COO^-;an intermediate in l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine catabolism; accumulates in certain inherited disorders of tyrosine metabolism.
m. cis,trans-isomerase an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of m. to 4-fumarylacetoacetate; an enzyme that participates in l-tyrosine catabolism; a deficiency of this enzyme is associated with tyrosinemia type IB.

malformation malformation (mal-for-ma´shun)

Failure of proper or normal development; more specifically, a primary structural defect that results from a localized error of morphogenesis; e.g., cleft lip. Cf. deformation.
Arnold-Chiari m. malformed posterior fossa structures resulting from caudad traction and displacement of the rhombencephalon caused by tethering of the spinal cord; may or may not be accompanied by spina bifida and associated anomalies such as meningomyelocele; weak evidence of autosomal recessive inheritance.Arnold-Chiari deformity, Arnold-Chiari syndrome, cerebellomedullary malformation syndrome;
cystic adenomatoid m. a rare developmental lung-bud abnormality which results in stillbirth, acute progressive respiratory disease of newborns, or protracted childhood pneumonias; this m. combines features of a hamartoma, dysplastic growth, and tumorous growth. Three types have been described, based chiefly on cyst diameters: Type I: up to 10 cm; Type II: less than 1.2 cm; Type III: less than 0.5 cm.

malfunction malfunction (mal-funk´shun)

Disordered, inadequate, or abnormal function.

Malgaigne Malgaigne

Joseph F., French surgeon, 1806-1865. See M.'s amputation, fossa, hernia, luxation, triangle.

Malherbe Malherbe

A. See M.'s calcifying epithelioma.

malic acid malic acid (mal´ik, ma´lik)

HOOC-CH₂-CHOH-COOH; hydroxysuccinic acid;an acid found in apples and various other tart fruits; an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, and in a shuttle system.monohydroxysuccinic acid;

malic acid dehydrogenase malic acid dehydrogenase

malate dehydrogenase

malic dehydrogenase malic dehydrogenase

malate dehydrogenase

malignancy malignancy (ma-lig´nan-se)

The property or condition of being malignant.

malignant malignant (ma-lig´nant)

1. Resistant to treatment;occurring in severe form, and frequently fatal; tending to become worse and leading to an ingravescent course. 2. In reference to a neoplasm, having the property of locally invasive and destructive growth and metastasis. [L. maligno, pres. p. -ans (ant-), to do anything maliciously]

malinger malinger (ma-ling´ger)

To engage in malingering.

malingerer malingerer (ma-ling´ger-er)

One who engages in malingering.

malingering malingering (ma-ling´ger-ing)

Feigning illness or disability to escape work, excite sympathy, or gain compensation. [Fr. malingre, poor, weakly]

malinterdigitation malinterdigitation (mal´in-ter-dij´i-ta´shun)

Faulty intercuspation of teeth.

Mall Mall

Franklin Paine, U.S. anatomist and embryologist, 1862-1917. See M.'s formula, ridges, under ridge; periportal space of M.

malleable malleable (mal´e-a-bl)

Capable of being shaped by being beaten or by pressure; a property of certain metals such as gold and silver. [L. malleus, a hammer]

malleation malleation (mal-e-a´shun)

A form of tic, in which the hands twitch in a hammering motion against the thighs. [L. malleus, a hammer]

mallebrin mallebrin (mal´e-brin)

aluminum chlorate nonahydrate

mallein mallein (mal´e-in)

An allergin, analogous to tuberculin, made from the growth products of Pseudomonas mallei, the causative agent of glanders; used as a diagnostic agent to provoke reactions in animals affected with glanders.

malleinization malleinization (mal´e-in-i-za´shun)

Inoculation with mallein.

malleoincudal malleoincudal (mal´e-o-ing´ku-dal)

Relating to the malleus and the incus in the tympanum.

malleolar malleolar (ma-le´o-lar)

Relating to one or both malleoli.

malleolus malleolus, pl. malleoli (ma-le´o-lus, -lI) [NA]

A rounded bony prominence such as those on either side of the ankle joint. [L. dim. of malleus, hammer]
external m. lateral m
inner m. medial m
internal m. medial m
lateral m. the process at the lateral side of the lower end of the fibula, forming the projection of the lateral part of the ankle; the lateral malleolus is more inferiorly placed then the medial malleolus.m. lateralis [NA], external m., extramalleolus, outer m;
m. latera´lis [NA] lateral m
medial m. the process at the medial side of the lower end of the tibia, forming the projection of the medial side of the ankle.m. medialis [NA], inner m., internal m;
m. media´lis [NA] medial m
outer m. lateral m

malleotomy malleotomy (mal´e-ot´o-me)

1. Division of the malleus. [malleus + G. tome, incision] 2. Division of the ligaments holding the malleoli in apposition in order to permit their separation in certain cases of clubfoot. [malleolus + G. tome, incision]

malleus malleus, gen and pl. mallei (mal´e-us, mal´e-I) [NA]

The largest of the three auditory ossicles, resembling a club rather than a hammer; it is regarded as having a head, below which is the neck, and from this diverge the handle or manubrium, and the slender, anterior process; from the base of the manubrium the short lateral process arises. The manubrium and lateral process are firmly attached to the tympanic membrane, and the head articulates with a saddle-shaped surface on the body of the incus.hammer; [L. a hammer]

Mallophaga Mallophaga (ma-lof´a-ga)

An order of biting lice that cause irritation by feeding on hair, feathers, and skin, and on blood and exudates when present; most species are found on birds, but some are found on common domestic animals. The genera Menacanthus and Menopon (family Menoponidae) attack domestic fowl, as do Columbicola, Chelopistes, Lipeurus, and other genera of the family Philopteridae, while Bovicola, Felicola, and Trichodectes (family Trichodectidae) infest domestic mammals. [G. mallos, wool, + phagein, to eat]

Mallory Mallory

G. Kenneth, U.S. pathologist, *1926. See M.-Weiss lesion, syndrome, tear.

Mallory Mallory

Frank B., U.S. pathologist, 1862-1941. See M. bodies, under body; picro-M. trichrome stain.stain

malnutrition malnutrition (mal-nu-trish´un)

Faulty nutrition resulting from malabsorption, poor diet, or overeating.
malignant m. kwashiorkor
protein m. undernutrition resulting from inadequate intake of protein; characteristic manifestations include nutritional edema, kwashiorkor.

malocclusion malocclusion (mal-o-klu´zhun)

1. Any deviation from a physiologically acceptable contact of opposing dentitions. 2. Any deviation from a normal occlusion.

malonate malonate (mal´on-at)

The salt or ester of malonic acid.

malonate semialdehyde malonate semialdehyde

OHC-CH₂-COO^-;the transaminated product of beta-alanine; elevated in hyper-beta-alaninemia.

Maloney bougies Maloney bougies

See under bougie.

malonic acid malonic acid (ma-lo´nik, -lon´ik)

HOOC-CH₂-COOH;a dicarboxylic acid of importance in intermediary metabolism; an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase.propanedioic acid;

malonyl malonyl (mal´o-nil)

The divalent radical derived from malonic acid.
m. transacylase ACP-malonyltransferase

malonyl-CoA malonyl-CoA

The condensation product of malonic acid and coenzyme A, an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis.malonylcoenzyme A;

malonylcoenzyme A malonylcoenzyme A (mal´o-nil-ko-en´zIm)

malonyl-CoA

malonylurea malonylurea (mal´o-nil-yu-re´a)

barbituric acid

Malpighi Malpighi

Marcello, Italian anatomist, histologist, and embryologist, 1628-1694. See malpighian bodies, under body; malpighian capsule; malpighian cell; malpighian corpuscles, under corpuscle; malpighian glands, under gland; malpighian glomerulus; malpighian layer; malpighian nodules, under nodule; malpighian pyramid; malpighian rete; malpighian stigmas, under stigma; malpighian stratum; malpighian tubules, under tubule; malpighian tuft; malpighian vesicles, under vesicle.

malpighian malpighian (mahl-pig´e-an)

Described by or attributed to Marcello Malpighi.

malposition malposition (mal-po-zish´un)

dystopia

malpractice malpractice (mal-prak´tis)

Mistreatment of a patient through ignorance, carelessness, neglect, or criminal intent.

malpresentation malpresentation (mal´pre-sen-ta´shun)

Faulty presentation of the fetus; presentation of any part other than the occiput.

malrotation malrotation (mal-ro-ta´shun)

Failure during embryonic development of normal rotation of all or part of an organ or system such as gut tube or kidney.

malt malt (mawlt)

The seed of barley or other grain, artificially germinated and dried, containing dextrin, maltose, small amounts of glucose, and amylolytic enzymes. Used in the form of an extract as a digestive and flavoring agent. [A.S. mealt]

maltase maltase (mawl-tas)

See a-d-glucosidase.
acid m. exo-1,4-a-d-glucosidase

maltobiose maltobiose (mawl-to-bI´os)

maltose

maltose maltose (mawl-tos)

4-(a-d-Glucosido)-d-glucose;a disaccharide formed in the hydrolysis of starch and consisting of two d-glucose residues bound by a 1,4-a-glycoside link.malt sugar, maltobiose;

maltotetrose maltotetrose (mawl-to-tet´ros)

A saccharide comprised of four d-glucose units in the a-1,4 linkage.

malum malum (ma´lum)

A disease. [L. an evil]
m. artic´ulorum seni´lis arthritis in the aged.
m. cox´ae disease of the hip joint.
m. cox´ae seni´le deformity of the head of the femur caused by ischemic damage.senile hip disease;
m. per´forans pe´dis perforating ulcer of the foot occurring in certain neuropathies.
m. vene´reum syphilis
m. vertebra´le suboccipita´le Rust's disease

malunion malunion (mal-yun´yun)

vicious union

mamanpian mamanpian (ma-mon-pe-on´)

mother yaw [Fr. maman, mother + pian, yaw]

mamelon mamelon (mam´e-lon)

One of the rounded prominences, three in number, on the cutting edge of an incisor tooth when it first pierces the gum. [Fr. nipple]

mamelonated mamelonated (mam´e-lon-at-ed)

Having rounded, teatlike elevations; nodulated. [Fr. mamelon, nipple]

mamelonation mamelonation (mam´e-lo-na´shun)

The formation of rounded projections or nodules on bony and other structures.

mamil- mamil- , mamilli-

The mamillae. See also mammil-. Cf. thelo-. [L. mamilla, nipple]

mamilla mamilla, pl. mamillae (ma-mil´a, ma-mil´e)

1. A small rounded elevation resembling the female breast. 2. nipple [L. nipple]

mamillare mamillare (mam-i-la´re)

mamillary [L.]

mamillaria mamillaria

See mamillary body.

mamillary mamillary (mam´i-lar-e)

Relating to or shaped like a nipple.mamillare;

mamillate mamillate , mamillated (mam´i-lat, -lat´ed)

Studded with nipple-like projections.

mamillation mamillation (mam-i-la´shun)

1. A nipple-like projection. 2. The condition of being mamillated.

mamilliform mamilliform (ma-mil´i-form)

Nipple-shaped. [L. mamilla, nipple, + forma, form]

mamma mamma, gen and pl. mammae (mam´a, mam´e) [NA]

breast See also mammary gland. [L.]
m. accesso´ria [NA] supernumerary breast
m. errat´ica a supernumerary breast aberrantly located, i.e., in some part other than the milk line.
m. masculi´na [NA] male breast
supernumerary m. supernumerary breast
m. viri´lis male breast

mammal mammal (mam´al)

An animal of the class Mammalia.

mammalgia mammalgia (ma-mal´je-a)

mastodynia [L. mamma, breast, + G. algos, pain]

Mammalia Mammalia (ma-ma´le-a)

The highest class of living organisms; it includes all the vertebrate animals (monotremes, marsupials, and placentals) that suckle their young, possess hair, and (except for the egg-laying monotremes) bring forth living young rather than eggs. [L. mamma, breast]

mammaplasty mammaplasty (mam´a-plas-te)

Plastic surgery of the breast to alter its shape, size, or position, or all of these.mammoplasty, mastoplasty; [L. mamma, breast, + G. plastos, formed]
Arie-Pitanguy m. Arie-Pitanguy operation
augmentation m. plastic surgery to enlarge the breast, often by insertion of an implant.
reconstructive m. the making of a simulated breast by plastic surgery, to replace the appearance of one that has been removed.
reduction m. plastic surgery of the breast to reduce its size and (frequently) to improve its shape and position.

mammary mammary (mam´a-re)

Relating to the breasts.

mammectomy mammectomy (ma-mek´to-me)

mastectomy [L. mamma, breast, + ektome, excision]

mammiform mammiform (mam´i-form)

Resembling a breast; breast-shaped.mammose (1); [L. mamma, breast, + forma, form]

mammil- mammil- , mammilli-

The mamillae. See also mamil-. Cf. thelo-. [L. mammilla (mamilla), nipple]

mammillaplasty mammillaplasty (ma-mil´a-plas-te)

Plastic surgery of the nipple and areola.theleplasty; [L. mammilla, nipple, + G. plastos, formed]

mammillitis mammillitis (mam-i-lI´tis)

Inflammation of the nipple. [L., mamilla, nipple, + G. -itis, inflammation]
bovine herpes m. an ulcerative disease of the skin of the bovine teat caused by bovine herpesvirus type 2.bovine ulcerative m;
bovine ulcerative m. bovine herpes m
bovine vaccinia m. a poxlike disease of the skin of the bovine teat caused by vaccinia virus.

mammitis mammitis (ma-mI´tis)

mastitis [L. mamma, breast, + G. -itis, inflammation]

mammo- mammo-

The breasts. Cf. masto-. [L. mamma, breast]

mammogram mammogram (mam´o-gram)

The record produced by mammography.

mammography mammography (ma-mog´ra-fe)

Imaging examination of the breast by means of x-rays, ultrasound, and nuclear magnetic resonance; used for screening and diagnosis of breast disease. [mammo- + G. grapho, to write] The benefit of mammography is its ability to detect cancers of the breast sometimes as early as 2 years before they become palpable and, in many cases, before they have spread to lymph nodes. For this reason, it originally appeared that x-ray mammography would provide the means for affordable mass screening, and help to minimize breast cancer deaths. Currently, guidelines established by the American College of Radiology and the American Cancer Society recommend that women be given a baseline mammogram between ages 35 and 40, and then have them every 1 to 2 years; after age 50, an annual mammogram is recommended. (High-risk women are advised to seek more frequent exams; see breast cancer.) Analysis of numerous clinical studies has revealed that mammograms may not save lives for healthy women under 50 (only 17.5% of breast cancer occurs in women under 40). The higher density of breast tissues in younger women lowers the ability to identify nonpalpable growths; mammography spots only about a third of such growths in women between ages 40 and 50. In addition, research has suggested that for a small fraction of women, exposure to radiation for mammography may actually trigger breast cancer. Mammography is never intended to replace monthly self-examination, nor, in diagnosis, to substitute for biopsy, which is still required to establish malignancy.

mammoplasty mammoplasty (mam´o-plas-te)

mammaplasty [mammo- + G. plastos, formed]

mammose mammose (mam´mos)

1. mammiform 2. Having large breasts.

mammosomatotroph mammosomatotroph (mam´o-so-mat´o-trof)

A cell of the adenohypophysis that produces prolactin and somatotropin.

mammotomy mammotomy (ma-mot´o-me)

mastotomy [mammo- + G. tome, incision]

mammotroph mammotroph (mam´o-trof)

An acidophilic cell of the adenohypophysis that produces prolactin.prolactin cell;

mammotropic mammotropic , mammotrophic (mam-o-trop´ik, -trof´ik)

Having a stimulating effect upon the development, growth, or function of the mammary glands. [mammo- + G. tropos, a turning]

mammotropin mammotropin , mammotrophin (mam-o-tro´pin, -tro´fin)

Obsolete term for prolactin.

Man Man

Symbol for mannose or its radicals in polysaccharides.

manchette manchette (man-shet´)

A conical array of microtubules that invests the nucleus of a spermatid; believed to play a role in shaping the nucleus during spermatogenesis. [Fr. cuff, dim. of manche, sleeve, fr. L. manicae; fr. manus, hand]

mandelate mandelate (man´de-lat)

A salt or ester of mandelic acid.

mandelic acid mandelic acid (man-del´ik)

C₆H₅CHOHCOOH;a urinary antibacterial agent (both bactericidal and bacteriostatic). hydroxytoluic acid, phenylglycolic acid; [Ger. Mandel, almond]

Mandelin's reagent Mandelin's reagent

See under reagent.

mandelytropine mandelytropine (man-de-lit´ro-pen)

homatropine

mandible mandible (man´di-bl)

A U-shaped bone, forming the lower jaw, articulating by its upturned extremities with the temporal bone on either side.mandibula [NA], jaw bone, lower jaw, mandibulum, submaxilla;

mandibula mandibula, pl. mandibulae (man-dib´yu-la, -le) [NA]

mandible [L. a jaw, fr. mando, pp. mansus, to chew]

mandibular mandibular (man-dib´yu-lar)

Relating to the lower jaw.inframaxillary, submaxillary (1);

mandibulectomy mandibulectomy (man-dib-yu-lek´to-me)

Resection of the lower jaw. [mandibula + G. ektome, excision]

mandibulofacial mandibulofacial (man-dib´yu-lo-fa´shal)

Relating to the mandible and the face.

mandibulo-oculofacial mandibulo-oculofacial (man-dib´yu-lo-ok´yu-lo-fa´shal)

Relating to the mandible and the orbital part of the face.

mandibulopharyngeal mandibulopharyngeal (man-dib´yu-lo-fa-rin´je-al)

Relating to the mandible and the pharynx; denoting the region between the pharynx and the ramus of the mandible, in which are found the internal carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, and the vagus, glossopharyngeal, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves.

mandibulum mandibulum (man-dib´yu-lum)

mandible

mandragora mandragora (man-drag´o-ra)

The European mandrake, Mandragora officinalis, or Atropa mandragora (family Solanaceae), the mandrake of the Bible; its properties are similar to those of stramonium, hyoscyamus, and belladonna. [G. mandragoras]

mandrake mandrake (man´drak)

1. See mandragora. 2. See podophyllum. [thr. L., fr. G. mandragoras]
wild m. podophyllum resin

mandrel mandrel , mandril

1. The shaft or spindle to which a tool is attached and by means of which it is rotated. 2. mandrin 3. In dentistry, an instrument used in a handpiece to hold a disk, stone, or cup used for grinding, smoothing, or finishing. [G. mandra, a stable; the bed in which a ring's stone is set]

mandrill mandrill

Common name for a species of monkey of the genus Cynocephalus, with a short tail and doglike head.

mandrin mandrin

A stiff wire or stylet inserted in the lumen of a soft catheter to give it shape and firmness while passing through a hollow tubular structure.mandrel (2), mandril; [Fr. mandrin, mandrel]

maneuver maneuver (ma-nu´ver)

A planned movement or procedure. [Fr. manoeuvre, fr. L. manu operari, to work by hand]
Adson m. Adson's test
Bill's m. forceps rotation of the fetal head at mid-pelvis before extraction of the head.
Bracht m. delivery of a fetus in breech position by extension of the legs and trunk of the fetus over the symphysis pubis and abdomen of the mother; the fetal head is born spontaneously as the legs and trunk are lifted above the maternal pelvis, and as the body of the infant is extended by the operator.
Brandt-Andrews m. the expression of the placenta by grasping the umbilical cord with one hand and placing the other hand on the abdomen, with the fingers over the anterior surface of the uterus at the junction of the lower uterine segment and the corpus uteri.
Buzzard's m. testing the patellar reflex while the sitting patient makes firm pressure on the floor with the toes.
Credé's m.'s Credé's methods, under method
DeLee's m. key-in-lock m
Ejrup m. demonstration of collateral circulation by reduction in the prominence of activity of the greater arteries and reduced pulse volume following muscular activity.
Hampton m. rolling a supine patient to the right and then left side to obtain an air contrast radiograph of the contrast-coated antrum and duodenum in gastrointestinal fluoroscopy.
Heimlich m. a planned action designed to expel an obstructing bolus of food from the throat by placing a fist on the abdomen between the navel and the costal margin, grasping the fist with the other hand, and forcefully thrusting it inward and upward so as to force the diaphragm upward, forcing air up the trachea to dislodge the obstruction.
Hillis-Müller m. manual pressure on the term fundus while a finger in the vagina determines the descent of the head into the pelvis.
Hueter's m. pressing the patient's tongue downward and forward with the left forefinger in passing a stomach tube.
Jendrassik's m. a method of emphasizing the patellar reflex: the subject hooks his hands together by the flexed fingers and pulls against them with all his strength.
key-in-lock m. a method by which obstetrical forceps are used to rotate the fetal head.DeLee's m;
LeCompte m. a repair of double outlet right ventricle with pulmonary stenosis and other abnormalities of ventricular arterial connection and ventricular septal defect in which the LV is connected to the aorta and the RV to the pulmonary artery using a technique that does not require an extracardiac conduit.LeCompte operation;
Leopold's m.'s four m.'s employed to determine fetal position: 1) determination of what is in the fundus; 2) evaluation of the fetal back and extremities; 3) palpation of the presenting part above the symphysis; 4) determination of the direction and degree of flexion of the head.
Mauriceau-Levret m. Mauriceau's m
Mauriceau's m. a method of assisted breech delivery in which the infant's body is astraddle the right forearm, and the middle finger of the right hand is in the fetal mouth to maintain flexion while traction is made upon the shoulders by the other hand.Mauriceau-Levret m;
McDonald's m. measurement of uterus from the upper border of the symphysis to a line tangential to the fundus over the abdomen with a tape to determine the height of the uterus; each centimeter approximately corresponds to the gestational age in weeks.
McRoberts m. m. to reduce a fetal shoulder dystocia by flexion of the maternal hips.
Müller's m. after a forced expiration, an attempt at inspiration is made with closed mouth and nose or closed glottis, whereby the negative pressure in the chest and lungs is made very subatmospheric; the reverse of Valsalva m.
Pajot's m. obsolete term for traction downward on the forceps lock with one hand while traction is applied with the other hand to bring the fetal head down in the axis of the birth canal.
Pinard's m. in management of a frank breech presentation, pressure on the popliteal space is made by the index finger while the other three fingers flex the leg while sliding it along the other thigh as the foot of the flexed leg is brought down and out.
Prague m. obsolete term for a technique for delivery of the fetus in breech position when the fetal occiput is posterior; one hand of the operator delivers the shoulders, while making pressure over the symphysis pubis with the other hand.
Ritgen's m. delivery of a child's head by pressure on the perineum while controlling the speed of delivery by pressure with the other hand on the head.
Scanzoni's m. forceps rotation and traction in a spiral course, with reapplication of forceps for delivery.
Sellick's m. pressure applied to the cricoid cartilage, to prevent regurgitation during tracheal intubation in the anesthetized patient.
Valsalva m. any forced expiratory effort ("strain") against a closed airway, whether at the nose and mouth or at the glottis, the reverse of Müller's m.; because high intrathoracic pressure impedes venous return to the right atrium, this m. is used to study cardiovascular effects of raised peripheral venous pressure and decreased cardiac filling and cardiac output, as well as post-strain responses.
Wigand m. an assisted breech delivery with pressure above the symphysis while the fetus lies astraddle the operator's other arm.

manganese (Mn) manganese (Mn) (mang´ga-nez)

A metallic element resembling and often associated, in ores, with iron; atomic no. 25, atomic wt. 54.94; manganous salts are sometimes used in medicine.manganum; [Mod. L. manganesium, manganum, an altered form of magnesium]

manganic manganic (mang-gan´ik)

Denoting the trivalent cation of manganese, Mn³⁺.

manganous manganous (mang´ga-nus)

Denoting the divalent cation of manganese, Mn²⁺.

manganum manganum (man´ga-num)

manganese [L.]

mange mange (manj)

A cutaneous disease of domestic and wild animals caused by any one of several genera of skin-burrowing mites; in humans, mite infestations are usually referred to as scabies. [Fr. manger, to eat]
chorioptic m. m. caused by mites of the genus Chorioptes; in many cases it involves the skin of much of the body.
demodectic m. an infestation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands with mites of the genus Demodex; they occur in humans and a number of domesticated animals; although asymptomatic in most species, these mites can cause severe and extensive dermatitis ("red mange") in dogs.demodectic acariasis, follicular m;
ear m. otodectic m
follicular m. demodectic m
notoedric m. m. of cats caused by the mite, Notoedres cati.
otodectic m. disease resulting from heavy infestation with the mite Otodectes cynotis in the ears of dogs, cats, foxes, and other carnivores and manifested by head shaking, continual ear scratching, and ear droop; observed in severe cases are torticollis, circling, epileptoid fits with purulent inflammation and discharge of the external ear, and possible perforation of the tympanic membrane. See also otoacariasis.ear m;
psoroptic m. hair loss or m. caused by infestation with mites of the genus Psoroptes.
red m. demodectic m. in dogs.
sarcoptic m. a cutaneous disease of domestic animals caused by mites of the genus Sarcoptes including Sarcoptes scabiei.

Manhold Manhold

John H., U.S. dentist, *1919 See Volpe-M. Index.

mania mania (ma´ne-a)

An emotional disorder characterized by euphoria or irritability, increased psychomotor activity, rapid speech, flight of ideas, decreased need for sleep, distractibility, grandiosity, and poor judgment; usually occurs in bipolar disorder. See manic-depressive, manic excitement. [G. frenzy]
acute m. manic excitement

-mania -mania

An abnormal love for, or morbid impulse toward, some specific object, place, or action. [G. frenzy]

maniac maniac (ma´ne-ak)

1. Obsolete term for a mentally ill or disturbed person. 2. One suffering from mania.

maniacal maniacal (ma-nI´a-kal)

Relating to or characterized by mania. See amok.manic;

manic manic (man´ik, ma´nik)

maniacal

manic-depressive manic-depressive

1. Pertaining to a manic-depressive psychosis (bipolar disorder). 2. One suffering from such a disorder.

manicy manicy (man´i-se)

Behavior characteristic of the manic phase of bipolar disorder.

manifestation manifestation (man´i-fes-ta´shun)

The display or disclosure of characteristic signs or symptoms of an illness. [L. manifestus, caught in the act]
behavioral m. a m. characterized by defects in personality structure and attendant behavior with minimal anxiety and little or no sense of distress, indicative of a psychiatric disorder; occasionally encephalitis or head injury will produce the clinical picture which is properly diagnosed as chronic brain disorder with behavioral m.'s.
neurotic m. a m. characterized by such defenses as conversion, dissociation, displacement, phobia formation, or repetitive thoughts and acts being utilized to handle anxiety; in contrast to psychotic m.'s, gross distortion or falsification of reality is not exhibited, and gross disintegration of the personality is not usually observed.
psychophysiologic m. a m. characterized by the visceral expression of affect, the symptoms due to a chronic and exaggerated state of the physiologic expression of emotion with the feeling repressed; such m.'s are commonly characteristic of psychosomatic disorders.
psychotic m. a m. characterized by thoughts, feelings, and behavior evidencing a varying degree of personality disintegration and distortion or falsification of reality in various spheres; persons exhibiting such a m. fail in effective relationships to other people or to their work.

manikin manikin (man´i-kin)

A model, especially one with removable pieces, of the human body or any of its parts. See also phantom (2). [dim. of man]

maniphalanx maniphalanx (man´i-fa´langks)

A phalanx of the hand; a bony segment of a finger; distinguished from pediphalanx. [L. manus, hand, + phalanx]

Mann Mann

Frank C., U.S. surgeon, 1887-1962. See M.-Bollman fistula; M.-Williamson operation, ulcer.

manna manna (man´a)

A saccharine exudation from Fraxinus ornus, flowering ash, a tree of the Mediterranean shores, used as a laxative, especially for children. It is available as m. cannellata , a flake m.; m. in lacrimis , m. in tears or small flakes; and m. communis or m. in sortis , m. in sorts. [L., fr. G. manna, fr. Heb. man]

mannans mannans (man´anz)

Polysaccharides of mannose, found in various legumes and in the ivory nut.mannosans;

mannerism mannerism (man´er-izm)

A peculiar or unusual characteristic mode of movement, action, or speech.

mannite mannite (man´It)

mannitol

mannitol mannitol (man´i-tol)

The hexahydric alcohol, widespread in plants, derived by reduction of fructose; used in renal function testing to measure glomerular filtration, and intravenously as an osmotic diuretic.manna sugar, mannite;
m. hexanitrate an explosive compound formed by the nitration of m.; when diluted with carbohydrate substances (one part of m. hexanitrate to nine or more parts of carbohydrate) it is not explosive, and is used as a vasodilator and hypotensive agent; it is slower in action than nitroglycerin.nitromannitol;

Mannkopf Mannkopf

Emil W., German physician, 1836-1918. See M.'s sign.

mannoheptulose mannoheptulose (man-o-hep´tu-los)

See d-manno-heptulose.

mannomustine mannomustine (man-o-mus´ten)

1-6-Bis(2-chloroethylamino)-1,6-dideoxy-d-mannitol dihydrochloride; mannitol nitrogen mustard;an antineoplastic agent.

mannoproteins mannoproteins (man´o-pro-tenz)

Yeast cell wall components that are proteins with large numbers of mannose groups attached; highly antigenic.

mannosamine mannosamine (man-os´a-men)

2-Amino-2-deoxymannose;the d-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.

mannosans mannosans (man´o-sanz)

mannans

mannose (Man) mannose (Man) (man´os)

An aldohexose obtained from various plant sources (i.e., from mannans).

mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GDP) mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GDP)

A transferase that catalyzes the transfer of GDP to the mannose of mannose-1-phosphate.GDPmannose phosphorylase;

mannosephosphate isomerase mannosephosphate isomerase

An enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of d-mannose-6-phosphate to d-fructose- 6-phosphate; a key step in the synthesis of mannose derivatives as well as the entry of mannose into the central pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.

mannosidases mannosidases (man-o´si-das´es)

A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing d-mannose residues of mannosides (particularly in glycoproteins and glycolipids); a-mannosidases act on a-d-mannosides while beta-mannosidases act on beta-d-mannosides; a deficiency of a-mannosidases is associated with mannosidosis.

mannoside mannoside (man´o-sId)

A glycoside of mannose.

mannosidosis mannosidosis (man´o-si-do´sis) [MIM*268500]

Congenital deficiency of a-mannosidase; associated with mental retardation, kyphosis, enlarged tongue, and vacuolated lymphocytes, with accumulation of mannose in tissues; autosomal recessive inheritance.

Mann's methyl blue-eosin stain Mann's methyl blue-eosin stain

See under stain.

mannuronic acid mannuronic acid (man-yu-ron´ik)

Uronic acid derived from the oxidation of mannose.

manometer manometer (ma-nom´e-ter)

An instrument for indicating the pressure of any fluid or the difference in pressure between two fluids, whether gas or liquid. [G. manos, thin, scanty, + metron, measure]
aneroid m. a m. in which the pressure is indicated by a revolving pointer moved by a diaphragm or Bourdon tube exposed to the pressure.dial m;
dial m. aneroid m
differential m. any device that indicates the difference in pressure between two fluids, regardless of any changes in their absolute pressures.
mercurial m. an m. in which the varying pressures are shown by differences of elevation in a column of mercury.

manometric manometric (man-o-met´rik)

Relating to a manometer.

manometry manometry (ma-nom´e-tre)

Measurement of the pressure of gases by means of a manometer.manoscopy; [see manometer]
esophageal m. measurement of intra-esophageal pressures at one or more sites by intraluminal pressure-sensitive instruments.

manoscopy manoscopy (ma-nos´ko-pe)

manometry

man. pr. man. pr.

Abbreviation for L. mane primo, early morning, first thing in the morning.

Manson Manson

Sir Patrick, English authority on tropical medicine, 1844-1922. See Mansonella; Mansonia; M.'s disease, pyosis, schistosomiasis; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis mansoni; M.'s eye worm.

Mansonella Mansonella (man-so-nel´a)

A genus of filaria, widely distributed in tropical Africa and South America, that infects the peritoneal cavity, serous surfaces, or skin with unsheathed microfilariae in the skin or blood of man and other primates. The important human parasites M. perstans and M. streptocerca formerly were placed in the genera Dipetalonema, Acanthocheilonema, and Tetrapetalonema.
M. demarqua´yi M. ozzardi
M. ozzar´di a filarial parasite occurring in Yucatan, Panama, Colombia, northern Argentina, Guyana, French Guiana, and the islands of St. Vincent and Dominica, causing mansonelliasis; the microfilariae are not ensheathed, and there are no nuclei in the pointed tail; the life cycle is similar to that of Wuchereria bancrofti; humans are the only known definitive host, and the intermediate hosts are biting midges, Culicoides furens and possibly C. paraensis.M. demarquayi, M. tucumana;
M. per´stans the "persistent filaria," a species widely prevalent in tropical Africa and northern South America where it infects human peritoneal and other body cavities, but is non- or mildly pathogenic; characteristic subperiodic microfilariae occur in peripheral blood. It is transmitted in Africa by the biting midges Culicoides austeni and C. grahami.
M. streptocer´ca a filarial species in humans that produces nonperiodic sheathless microfilariae found in the circulating blood; may cause a lichenoid condition or edema of the skin; commonly found in the corium of the skin of west African residents and transmitted by the biting midge, Culicoides grahami.
M. tucuma´na M. ozzardi

mansonelliasis mansonelliasis (man´so-nel-I´a-sis)

Infection with a species of Mansonella, transmitted to humans by biting midges of the genus Culicoides; adult worms live in the serous cavities, especially the peritoneal cavity, in mesenteric and perivisceral adipose tissue, and in the skin.

mansonellosis mansonellosis (man-so-nel´lo-sis)

Infection with the filarial parasite Mansonella ozzardi.

Mansonia Mansonia (man-so´ne-a)

A genus of brown or black medium-sized mosquitoes (tribe Culicini), often having banded abdomen and legs; larvae and pupae have modified breathing tubes enabling them to pierce aquatic plants to obtain air. M. mosquitoes are distributed worldwide and, in tropical areas, are important vectors of Brugia malayi; in some areas they also transmit Wuchereria bancrofti. [P. Manson]

Mansonoides Mansonoides (man-so-noy´dez)

A subgenus of Mansonia.

Mantel Mantel

Nathan, U.S. biostatistician, *1927. See Mantel-Haenszel test.

mantle mantle (man´tl)

1. A covering layer. 2. pallium
brain m. pallium
myoepicardial m. the dorsal wall of the primitive pericardium which, in the early somite embryo, becomes both the epicardium and the myocardium.

Mantoux Mantoux

Charles, French physician, 1877-1947. See M. pit, test.

manubrium manubrium, pl. manubria (ma-nu´bre-um, -a) [NA]

The portion of the sternum or of the malleus that represents the handle. [L. handle]
m. mal´lei [NA] m. of malleus
m. of malleus the handle of the malleus; the portion that extends downward, inward, and backward from the neck of the malleus; it is embedded throughout its length in the tympanic membrane.m. mallei [NA];
m. ster´ni [NA] m. of sternum
m. of sternum the upper segment of the sternum, a flattened, roughly triangular bone, occasionally fused with the body of the sternum, forming with it a slight angle, the sternal angle.m. sterni [NA], episternum, presternum;

manudynamometer manudynamometer (man´yu-dI-na-mom´e-ter)

In dentistry, a device for measuring the force exerted by the thrust of an instrument. [L. manus, hand, + G. dynamis, force, + metron, measure]

manus manus, gen and pl. manus (ma´nus) [NA]

hand [L.]
m. ca´va a condition of extreme concavity of the palm of the hand.
m. exten´sa clubhand with deviation backward.m. superextensa;
m. flex´a clubhand with forward deviation.
m. pla´na loss of normal arches of the hand.flat hand;
m. superexten´sa m. extensa
m. val´ga clubhand with deviation to the ulnar side.
m. va´ra clubhand with deviation to the radial side.

MAO MAO

Abbreviation for monoamine oxidase.

MAOI MAOI

Abbreviation for monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

map map

A representation of a region or structure; e.g., of a stretch of DNA.
conformational m. Ramachandran plot
contig m. a physical m. of a chromosome or stretch of DNA constructed from sets of overlapping and order clones (contigs).
cytogenetic m. a m. in which the classical bonding pattern of a chromosome is shown.
fate m. germinal localization
linkage m. genetic map
physical m. a m. of a stretch of DNA with ordered landmarks a known distance from each other; the ultimate physical m. would be the base sequence of the entire chromosome.
restriction m. the order of restriction sites along a chromosome or plasmid.
sequence-tagged site (STS) m. a m. representing the order and spacing of sequence-tagged sites within a stretch of DNA.

map distance map distance

The degree of separation of two loci on a linkage map, measured in morgans or centimorgans.

mappine mappine (map´en)

bufotenine

mapping mapping

The process of identifying the relative position of genes on chromosomes.
cardiac m. a method by which local cardiac potentials are spatially depicted in an integrated manner as a function of time (isochrone map) or potential (isopotential map).
S1 nuclease m. a method for locating the 5´ end of a transcript in a mixture of RNA.

mapping function mapping function

In linkage analysis, a formula that converts the recombination fraction (which is on the probability scale) into map distance (in morgans).

maprotiline maprotiline (ma-pro´ti-len)

N-Methyl-9,10-ethanoanthracene-9(10H)-propylamine;a tricyclic antidepressant used in the treatment of various depressive illnesses, and for relief of anxiety associated with depression.

MAPs MAPs

Abbreviation for microtubule-associated proteins, under protein.

Marañón Marañón

Gregorio, Spanish endocrinologist, 1887-1960. See Marañón's sign, syndrome.

marantic marantic (ma-ran´tik)

marasmic [G. marantikos, wasting]

marasmic marasmic (ma-raz´mik)

Relating to or suffering from marasmus.marantic;

marasmoid marasmoid (ma-raz´moyd)

Resembling marasmus. [G. marasmos, withering, + eidos, resemblance]

marasmus marasmus (ma-raz´mus)

Cachexia, especially in young children, primarily due to prolonged dietary deficiency of protein and calories.marantic atrophy, Parrot's disease (2), pedatrophia, pedatrophy; [G. marasmos, withering]
nutritional m. extreme weakness and wasting secondary to malnutrition.

marc marc (mark)

The residue remaining after percolation of a drug. [Fr. fr. marcher, to trample]

Marcacci Marcacci

Arturo, Italian physiologist, 1854-1915. See M.'s muscle.

Marchand Marchand

Felix, German pathologist, 1846-1928. See M.'s adrenals, under adrenal, rest, wandering cell.

Marchant Marchant

Gérard T.J., French surgeon, 1850-1903. See M.'s zone.

Marchesani Marchesani

Oswald, 1900-1952. See Weill-M. syndrome.

Marchetti Marchetti

Andrew A., U.S. obstetrician and gynecologist, 1901-1970. See Marshall-M.-Krantz operation.

Marchi Marchi

Vittorio, Italian physician, 1851-1908. See M.'s fixative, reaction, stain, tract.

Marchiafava Marchiafava

Ettore, Italian pathologist, 1847-1935. See M.-Bignami disease; M.-Micheli anemia, syndrome.

marcid marcid (mar´sid)

Emaciating; wasting away. [L. marcidus; fr. marceo, to wither]

Marcille Marcille

Maurice, 1871-1941. See M.'s triangle.

marcor marcor (mar´kor)

Obsolete term for marasmus. [L. fr. marceo, to wither]

Marcus Gunn Marcus Gunn

Robert. See Gunn.

Marek Marek

Josef, Hungarian veterinarian and pathologist, 1867-1952. See M.'s disease, disease virus.

Marey Marey

&Euacute;tienne Jules, French physiologist, 1830-1904. See M.'s law.

Marfan Marfan

Antoine Bernard-Jean, French pediatrician, 1858-1942. See M.'s disease, law, syndrome.

marfanoid marfanoid (mar´fan-oyd)

An obsolete term used of those whose phenotype bears a superficial resemblence to that of Marfan's syndrome.

Marg Marg

Elwin, U.S. physicist, *1918. See Mackay-M. tonometer.

Margaropus Margaropus (mar-gar´o-pus)

A genus of ixodid ticks closely resembling Boophilus, but not having festoons or ornamentations; they are characterized by greatly enlarged posterior legs and a prolonged median plate. [G. margaros, pearl oyster, + pous, foot]
M. winthe´mi the one-host South American winter horse tick; it also sometimes attacks cattle and sheep.

margin margin (mar´jin)

A boundary, edge, or border, as of a surface or structure. See also border, edge.margo [NA]; [L. margo, border, edge]
m. of acetabulum the rim of bone around the acetabulum to which is attached the labrum acetabulare.limbus acetabuli [NA], margo acetabularis [NA];
anterior m. anterior border
articular m. glenoid labrum
cavity m. the periphery of a filling, the line of junction between a restoration and the external surface of a tooth.
cervical m. 1. gingival m 2. termination of a restoration in the gingival area.
cervical m. of tooth neck of tooth
ciliary m. of iris ciliary border of iris
corneal m. limbus of cornea
m.'s of eyelids the free edges of the eyelids. See also anterior border of eyelids, posterior border of eyelids.margo palpebrae;
falciform m. the sharply curved, free margin of the saphenous opening in the fascia lata; medially, it ends in a superior and an inferior horn.margo falciformis [NA];
fibular m. of foot lateral border of foot
m. of fossa ovalis limbus fossae ovalis
free m. free border
free m. of eyelids the unattached inferior edge of the upper lid and superior edge of the lower lid, where the anterior (cutaneous) surface of the eyelid meets the posterior (conjunctival) surface of the eyelid. The free m.'s of the eyelids bound the rima palpebrarum, and each free m. has an anterior and posterior border. See borders of eyelids, under border.
frontal m. frontal border
gingival m. 1. the most coronal portion of the gingiva surrounding the tooth; 2. the edge of the free gingiva.cervical m. (1), gingival crest;
incisal m. incisal edge
inferior m. inferior border
inferolateral m. margo inferior cerebri
inferomedial m. margo medialis cerebri
infraorbital m. the inferior half of the orbital rim, or the lower border of the orbital opening, formed by the maxilla medially and the zygomatic bone laterally. See orbital rim.margo infraorbitalis [NA];
interosseous m. interosseous border
lacrimal m. of maxilla lacrimal border of maxilla
lambdoid m. of occipital bone lambdoid border of occipital bone
lateral m. lateral border
mastoid m. of occipital bone mastoid border of occipital bone
medial m. medial border
mesovarian m. of ovary mesovarian border of ovary
nasal m. of frontal bone nasal border of frontal bone
m. of orbit orbital rim
occipital m. occipital border
orbital m. of eyelids the outer or peripheral attached borders of the upper and lower eyelids; the "root" of the eyelids, along which it is attached to the orbital rim.
parietal m. parietal border
psoas m. in abdominal radiography, the appearance of the fat stripe delineating the lateral margin of the psoas muscle shadow; shows a normal retroperitoneum when visible.
pupillary m. of iris pupillary border of iris
right m. of heart right border of heart
m. of safety the m. between the minimal therapeutic dose and the minimal toxic dose of a drug.
squamous m. squamous border
superomedial m. margo superior cerebri
supraorbital m. the superior half of the orbital rim, which constitutes the curved superior border of the orbital opening, formed by the frontal bone. See orbital rim.margo supraorbitalis [NA], supraorbital arch, supraorbital ridge;
m. of the tongue the lateral border that separates the dorsum from the inferior surface of the tongue on each side, the two borders meeting anteriorly at the apex.margo linguae [NA];
ulnar m. of forearm medial border of forearm
zygomatic m. of greater wing of sphenoid bone zygomatic border of greater wing of sphenoid bone

marginal marginal (mar´ji-nal)

Relating to a margin.

Marginal Line Calculus Index (MLC) Marginal Line Calculus Index (MLC)

An index which scores supragingival calculus found in cervical areas paralleling marginal gingiva.

margination margination (mar´ji-na´shun)

A phenomenon that occurs during the relatively early phases of inflammation; as a result of dilation of capillaries and slowing of the bloodstream, leukocytes tend to occupy the periphery of the cross-sectional lumen and adhere to the endothelial cells that line the vessels.
m. of placenta See placenta marginata.

margines margines (mar´ji-nez)

Plural of margo. [L.]

marginoplasty marginoplasty (mar´ji-no-plas-te)

Plastic surgery of the tarsal border of an eyelid.

margo margo, gen. marginis, pl. margines (mar´go, mar´ji-nis, -nez) [NA]

margin, border [L.]
m. acetabularis [NA] * official alternate term for margin of acetabulum
m. anterior fibulae [NA] anterior border of fibula
m. anterior pancreatis [NA] anterior border of pancreas
m. anterior pulmonis [NA] anterior border of lung
m. anterior radii [NA] anterior border of radius
m. anterior testis [NA] anterior border of testis
m. anterior tibiae [NA] anterior border of tibia
m. anterior ulnae [NA] anterior border of ulna
m. cilia´ris i´ridis [NA] ciliary border of iris
m. dex´ter cor´dis [NA] right border of heart
m. falcifor´mis [NA] falciform margin
m. fibula´ris pedis * official alternate term for lateral border of foot
m. frontalis [NA] frontal border
m. frontalis ossis parietalis [NA] frontal border of parietal bone
m. frontalis ossis sphenoidalis [NA] frontal border of sphenoid bone
m. incisa´lis [NA] incisal edge
m. inferior inferior border
m. inferior cer´ebri [NA] the irregular, discontinuous margin of the cerebral hemisphere at the junction of the inferior and superolateral surfaces.m. inferolateralis [NA], inferolateral margin;
m. inferior hep´atis [NA] inferior border of liver
m. inferior pancrea´tis [NA] inferior border of pancreas
m. inferior pulmo´nis [NA] inferior border of lung
m. inferior splenis [NA] inferior border of pancreas
m. inferolatera´lis [NA] * official alternate term for m. inferior cerebri
m. inferomedia´lis [NA] * official alternate term for m. medialis cerebri
m. infraorbita´lis [NA] infraorbital margin
m. interosseus [NA] interosseous border
m. interos´seus fib´ulae [NA] interosseous border of fibula
m. interos´seus ra´dii [NA] interosseous border of radius
m. interos´seus tib´iae [NA] interosseous border of tibia
m. interos´seus ul´nae [NA] interosseous border of ulna
m. lacrima´lis maxillae [NA] lacrimal border of maxilla
m. lambdoid´eus squa´mae occipita´lis [NA] lambdoid border of occipital bone
m. lateralis [NA] lateral border
m. latera´lis antebra´chii [NA] lateral border of forearm
m. latera´lis humer´ii [NA] lateral border of humerus
m. latera´lis pe´dis [NA] lateral border of foot
m. latera´lis re´nis [NA] lateral border of kidney
m. latera´lis scap´ulae [NA] lateral border of scapula
m. latera´lis un´guis [NA] lateral border of nail
m. liber [NA] free border
m. li´ber ova´rii [NA] free border of ovary
m. li´ber un´guis [NA] free border of nail
m. lin´guae [NA] margin of the tongue
m. mastoi´deus squa´mae occipita´lis [NA] mastoid border of occipital bone
m. media´lis [NA] medial border
m. media´lis antebra´chii [NA] medial border of forearm
m. media´lis cer´ebri the irregular border of the cerebral hemisphere at the junction of the inferior and medial surfaces.m. inferomedialis [NA], inferomedial margin;
m. media´lis glan´dulae suprarena´lis [NA] medial border of suprarenal gland
m. media´lis humer´ii [NA] medial border of humerus
m. media´lis pe´dis [NA] medial border of foot
m. media´lis re´nis [NA] medial border of kidney
m. media´lis scap´ulae medial border of scapula
m. media´lis tib´iae [NA] medial border of tibia
m. mesova´ricus ovarii [NA] mesovarian border of ovary
m. nasa´lis os´sis fronta´lis [NA] nasal border of frontal bone
m. occipita´lis [NA] occipital border
m. occipita´lis os´sis parieta´lis [NA] occipital border of parietal bone
m. occipita´lis os´sis tempora´lis [NA] occipital border of temporal bone
m. occul´tus un´guis [NA] proximal border of nail
m. pal´pebrae margins of eyelids, under margin
m. parieta´lis [NA] parietal border
m. parieta´lis os´sis fronta´lis [NA] parietal border of frontal bone
m. parieta´lis os´sis sphenoida´lis [NA] parietal border of sphenoid bone
m. parieta´lis os´sis tempora´lis [NA] parietal border of temporal bone
m. poste´rior fib´ulae [NA] posterior border of fibula
m. poste´rior par´tis petro´sae os´sis tempora´lis [NA] posterior border of petrous part of temporal bone
m. poste´rior ra´dii [NA] posterior border of radius
m. poste´rior tes´tis [NA] posterior border of testis
m. poste´rior ul´nae [NA] posterior border of ulna
m. pupilla´ris ir´idis [NA] pupillary border of iris
m. radia´lis antebra´chii * official alternate term for lateral border of forearm
m. sagitta´lis os´sis parieta´lis [NA] sagittal border of parietal bone
m. sphenoida´lis os´sis tempora´lis [NA] sphenoidal border of temporal bone
m. squamo´sus [NA] squamous border
m. squamo´sus os´sis parieta´lis [NA] squamous border of parietal bone
m. squamo´sus os´sis sphenoida´lis [NA] squamous border of sphenoid bone
m. supe´rior cer´ebri the curved margin of the cerebral hemisphere at the junction of the superolateral and medial surfaces.m. superomedialis [NA], superomedial margin;
m. supe´rior glan´dulae suprarena´lis [NA] superior border of suprarenal gland
m. supe´rior pancrea´tis [NA] superior border of pancreas
m. superior par´tis petro´sae os´sis tempora´lis [NA] superior border of petrous part of temporal bone
m. supe´rior scap´ulae [NA] superior border of scapula
m. supe´rior splenis [NA] superior border of spleen
m. superomedia´lis [NA] m. superior cerebri
m. supraorbita´lis [NA] supraorbital margin
m. tibia´lis pe´dis [NA] * official alternate term for medial border of foot
m. ulna´ris antebra´chii [NA] * official alternate term for medial border of forearm
m. u´teri [NA] border of uterus
m. zygomat´icus a´lae majo´ris [NA] zygomatic border of greater wing of sphenoid bone

Marie Marie

Pierre, French neurologist, 1853-1940. See M.'s ataxia; Charcot-M.-Tooth disease; Bamberger-M. disease, syndrome; M.-Strümpell disease; Strümpell-M. disease; Brissaud-M. syndrome; Foix-Cavany-Marie syndrome.

marihuana marihuana (mar-i-wah´na)

Popular name for the dried flowering leaves of Cannabis sativa, which are smoked as cigarettes, "joints," or "reefers." In the U.S. m. includes any part of, or any extracts from, the female plant. Alternative spellings are mariguana, marijuana. See also cannabis. [fr. Sp. Maria-Juana, Mary-Jane]

Marinesco Marinesco

Georges, Roumanian neurologist, 1863-1938. See M.'s succulent hand; M.-Garland syndrome; Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome.

marinobufotoxin marinobufotoxin (mar´i-no-bu´fo-toks-in)

A poison produced by the parotid gland of Bufo marinus (family Bufonidae), a large toad native to Central and South America; used in tropical countries for insect control.

Marion Marion

Georges, French urologist, 1869-1932. See M.'s disease.

Mariotte Mariotte

Edmé, French physicist, 1620-1684. See M. bottle; M.'s experiment, law, blind spot.

mariposia mariposia (mar-i-po´ze-a)

Thallasoposia;rarely used term for abnormal consumption of sea water as a result of psychogenic factors.thalassoposia; [L. mare, the sea, + G. posis, drinking]

Marjolin Marjolin

Jean N., French physician, 1780-1850. See M.'s ulcer.

marjoram marjoram (mar´jo-ram)

Sweet, leaf, or garden m. whose leaves, with and without a small portion of the flowering tops of Majorana hortensis (Origanum majorana) (family Labiatae), are used as seasoning and medicinally as a stimulant, carminative, and emmenagogue.

mark mark

1. Any spot, line, or other figure on the cutaneous or mucocutaneous surface, visible through difference in color, elevation, or other peculiarity. 2. infundibulum (8) [A.S. mearc]
alignment m. m.'s made in tracings while the kymograph or other recording apparatus is at rest in order to indicate the time relations between two tracings inscribed one above the other, e.g., jugular and radial pulses.
dhobie m. dhobie mark dermatitis
port-wine m. nevus flammeus
strawberry m. strawberry nevus
stretch m.'s striae cutis distensae, under stria
Unna's m. nape nevus
washerman's m. dhobie mark dermatitis

marker marker

1. A device used to make a mark or to indicate measurement. 2. A characteristic or factor by which a cell or molecule can be recognized or identified. 3. A locus containing two or more alleles that, being harmless, are common and therefore yield high frequencies of heterozygotes which facilitate linkage analysis.
allotypic m. allotype
cell m. an identifying characteristic of a cell; e.g., formation of rosettes with sheep erythrocytes as a m. of T lymphocytes, or the presence of surface immunoglobulin as a m. of B lymphocytes.
cell surface m. a surface protein, glycoprotein, or group of proteins that distinguish a cell or subset of cells from another defined subset of cells.
genetic m. genetic determinant
linkage m. a locus at which there is a high probability of heterozygotes (indispensible state for linkage analysis), but in itself perhaps of no clinical interest. See also marker locus.
oncofetal m. a tumor m. produced by tumor tissue and by fetal tissue of the same type as the tumor, but not by normal adult tissue from which the tumor arises.
polymorphic genetic m.'s inherited characteristics that occur within a given population as two or more traits.
time m. an instrument that marks the time, usually in seconds or fractions of seconds, on a kymograph record in physiologic experiments.
tumor m. a substance, released into the circulation by tumor tissue, whose detection in the serum indicates the presence and specific type of tumor.

Markov Markov

Andrei, Russian mathematician, 1865-1922. See Markov process.

Marme's reagent Marme's reagent

See under reagent.

marmorated marmorated (mar´mo-ra-ted)

Denoting a condition in which the appearance of the skin is streaked like marble. See also cutis marmorata. [L. marmoratus, marbled]

marmot marmot

A woodchuck or groundhog; a hibernating rodent that may serve as reservoir host of plague bacillus in North America. [Fr. marmotte]

Maroteaux Maroteaux

Pierre, French medical geneticist, *1926. See M.-Lamy syndrome.

Marquis' reagent Marquis' reagent

See under reagent.

marrow marrow (mar´o)

1. A highly cellular hematopoietic connective tissue filling the medullary cavities and spongy epiphyses of bones that becomes predominantly fatty with age, particularly in the long bones of the limbs. 2. Any soft gelatinous or fatty material resembling the m. of bone. See also medulla. [A.S. mearh]
bone m. the tissue filling the cavities of bones, having a stroma of reticular fibers and cells.medulla ossium [NA];
red bone m. bone marrow in which the meshes contain the developmental stages of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and megakaryocytes.medulla ossium rubra;
spinal m. spinal cord
yellow bone m. bone m. in which the meshes of the reticular network are filled with fat.medulla ossium flava;

Marshall Marshall

Don, U.S. ophthalmologist, *1905. See M. syndrome.

Marshall Marshall

Eli K., U.S. pharmacologist, 1889-1966. See M.'s method.

Marshall Marshall

Victor F., U.S. urologist, *1913. See M.-Marchetti-Krantz operation.

Marshall Marshall

John, English anatomist, 1818-1891. See M.'s vestigial fold, oblique vein.

Marshallagia marshalli Marshallagia marshalli (mar-sha-la´je-a mar-shal´I)

One of the medium stomach worms of the nematode family Trichostrongylidae, found in the abomasum of sheep, goats, camels, and various wild ruminants.

marshmallow root marshmallow root (marsh´mal-o)

althea

marsupial marsupial (mar-su´pe-al)

1. A member of the order Marsupalia which includes such mammals as kangaroos, wombats, bandicoots, and opossums, the female of which has an abdominal pouch for carrying the young. 2. Of or pertaining to marsupials. [L. marsupium, a pouch]

marsupialization marsupialization (mar-su´pe-al-i-za´shun)

Exteriorization of a cyst or other such enclosed cavity by resecting the anterior wall and suturing the cut edges of the remaining wall to adjacent edges of the skin, thereby creating a pouch. [L. marsupium, pouch]

marsupium marsupium (mar-su´pe-um)

1. scrotum 2. A pouch or sac; e.g., in marsupials. [L. pouch]

Martegiani Martegiani

J., 19th century Italian anatomist. See M.'s area, funnel.

Martin Martin

Henry A., U.S. surgeon, 1824-1884. See M.'s bandage, disease.

Martin Martin

J.E. See Thayer-M. medium.

Martin Martin

August E., German gynecologist, 1847-1933. See M.'s tube; M.-Gruber anastomosis.

Martinotti Martinotti

Giovanni, Italian physician, 1857-1928. See M.'s cell.

martius yellow martius yellow (marsh´e-us) [C.I. 10315]

C₁₀H₆N₂O₅; 2,4-dinitro-a-naphthol;an acid dye used as a plasma stain in plant and animal histology, and as a light filter for photomicrography. [Karl A. Martius, Ger. chemist, *1920]

Martorell Martorell

Fernando Otzet, Spanish cardiologist, *1906. See M.'s syndrome.

Maryland coma scale Maryland coma scale

See coma scale.

maschaladenitis maschaladenitis (mas´kal-ad´e-nI´tis)

Obsolete term for inflammation of the axillary glands. [G. maschale, axilla, + aden, gland, + -itis, inflammation]

maschale maschale (mas´kal-e)

axilla [G.]

maschalephidrosis maschalephidrosis (mas´kal-ef-i-dro´sis)

Sweating in the axillae. [G. maschale, axilla, + ephidrosis, perspiration]

maschaloncus maschaloncus (mas-kal-ong´kus)

Obsolete term for a neoplasm in the axilla. [G. maschale, axilla, + onkos, mass]

maschalyperidrosis maschalyperidrosis (mas´kal-i-per-i-dro´sis)

Excessive sweating in the axillae. [G. maschale, axilla, + hyper, over, + hidros, sweat]

masculine masculine (mas´kyu-lin)

Relating to or marked by the characteristics of the male sex or gender.masculinus [NA], male (2); [L. masculus, male, fr. mas, male]

masculine protest masculine protest

Adler's term to describe the movement of individuals from passive to active roles in a desire to escape from the feminine role.

masculinity masculinity (mas-kyu-lin´i-te)

The qualities and characteristics of a male.

masculinization masculinization (mas´kyu-lin-i-za´shun)

The condition marked by the attainment of male characteristics, such as facial hair, either physiologically as part of male maturation, or pathologically by individuals of either sex. [L. masculus, male]

masculinize masculinize (mas´kyu-li-nIz)

To confer the qualities or characteristics peculiar to the male.

masculinovoblastoma masculinovoblastoma (mas´kyu-lin-o´vo-blas-to´ma)

Obsolete term for an ovarian neoplasm that causes varying degrees of masculinization, e.g., distribution of hair, change in voice, hypertrophy of the clitoris; m. consists of cords or anastomosing columns of cells with vesicular nuclei and indistinct cytoplasm, and is usually well vascularized; m.'s are thought by some to be derived from rests of adrenal cortical tissue, and they are morphologically similar to certain types of arrhenoblastoma.

masculinus masculinus (mas-kyu-lI´nus) [NA]

masculine, masculine [L.]

Masini Masini

Giulio, Italian physician, 1874-1937. See M.'s sign.

mask mask

1. Any of a variety of disease states producing alteration or discoloration of the skin of the face. 2. The expressionless appearance seen in certain diseases; e.g., Parkinson's facies. 3. A facial bandage. 4. A shield designed to cover the mouth and nose for maintenance of antiseptic conditions. 5. A device designed to cover the mouth and nose for administration of inhalation anesthetics, oxygen, or other gases.
ecchymotic m. a dusky discoloration of the head and neck occurring when the trunk has been subjected to sudden and extreme compression, as in traumatic asphyxia.
Hutchinson's m. the sensation experienced in tabetic neurosyphilis as if the face were covered with a m. or with cobwebs.
laryngeal m. a tubular oropharyngeal airway with an inflatable rim at the distal end that when inflated creates an airtight seal immediately above the larynx.
luetic m. a dirty brownish yellow pigmentation, blotchy in character, resembling that of chloasma, occurring on the forehead, temples, and sometimes the cheeks in patients with tertiary syphilis.
nonrebreathing m. a m. fitted with both an inhalation valve and an exhalation valve so that all exhaled gas is vented to the external atmosphere and inhaled gas comes only from a reservoir connected to the m.
m. of pregnancy melasma
tropical m. chloasma bronzinum

masked masked (maskt)

Concealed.

masking masking

1. The use of noise of any kind to interfere with the audibility of another sound. For any given intensity, low pitched tones have a greater m. effect than those of a high pitch. 2. In audiology, the use of a noise applied to one ear while testing the hearing acuity of the other ear. 3. The hiding of smaller rhythms in the brain wave record by larger and slower ones whose wave form they distort. 4. In dentistry, an opaque covering used to camouflage the metal parts of a prosthesis. 5. In radiography, superimposition of an altered positive image on the original negative to produce an enhanced copy photographically. See subtraction.
unsharp m. in radiography, superimposing a blurred negative of a radiograph to cancel large density differences, leaving fine detail more visible.

Maslow Maslow

Abraham H., U. S. psychologist, 1908-1970. See M.'s hierarchy.

masochism masochism (mas´o-kizm, maz´o-)

1. Passive algolagnia; a form of perversion, often sexual in nature, in which a person experiences pleasure in being abused, humiliated, or maltreated. Cf. sadism. 2. A general orientation in life that personal suffering relieves guilt and leads to a reward. [Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian novelist, 1836-1895]

masochist masochist (mas´o-kist)

The passive party in the practice of masochism.

Mason Mason

Edward E., U.S. surgeon, *1920. See M. operation.

masque biliaire masque biliaire (mask bil-e-ar´)

Obsolete term for periocular hyperpigmentation in middle-aged women, unrelated to any systemic disease. [Fr.]

MASS MASS

Acronym for mitral valve prolapse, aortic anomalies, skeletal changes, and skin changes. See MASS syndrome.

mass (m) mass (m)

1. A lump or aggregation of coherent material. 2. In pharmacy, a soft solid preparation containing an active medicinal agent, of such consistency that it can be divided into small pieces and rolled into pills. 3. One of the seven fundamental quantities in the SI system; its unit is the kilogram, defined as the m. of the international prototype of the kilogram, which is made of platinum-iridium and kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.massa [NA]; [L. massa, a dough-like mass]
apperceptive m. the already existing knowledge base in a similar or related area with which the new perceptual material is articulated.
filar m. reticular substance (1)
injection m. colored solutions or suspensions injected into the vascular system to render vessels and their walls prominent; useful for gross preparations and for study under low magnification after clearing; most fluids contain warm gelatin and the coloring materials are carmine, Berlin blue, or carbon.
inner cell m. embryoblast
intermediate m. interthalamic adhesion
lateral m. of atlas the thick lateral part of the atlas on each side that articulates above with the occipital condyle and below with the axis.massa lateralis atlantis [NA];
lateral m. of ethmoid bone ethmoidal labyrinth
molar m. See molecular weight.
molecular m. molecular weight
pilular m. the mixture of drug(s), excipients, diluents and binders with a suitable amount of liquid to form a plastic mass which can be rolled into a long rod and cut into the appropriate number of units for pills to be rolled from.pill mass;
relative molecular m. (M_r) molecular weight
sclerotic cemental m. benign fibro-osseous jaw lesions of unknown etiology, occurring predominantly in middle-aged black females, which present as large painless radiopaque masses usually involving several quadrants of the jaw.florid osseous dysplasia, cemental dysplasia;
tubular excretory m. the m. of functioning excretory tubules of the kidney determined from the excretion of iodopyracet, or other compounds processed in the kidney primarily by tubular secretion, when large doses are used.

massa massa, gen and pl. massae (mas´sa, mas´se) [NA]

mass [L.]
m. interme´dia interthalamic adhesion
m. latera´lis atlan´tis [NA] lateral mass of atlas

massage massage (ma-sahzh´)

A method of manipulation of the body by rubbing, pinching, kneading, tapping, etc.tripsis (2); [Fr. from G. masso, to knead]
cardiac m. heart m
closed chest m. rhythmic compression of the heart between sternum and spine by depressing the lower sternum backward with the heels of the hands, the patient lying supine.external cardiac m;
external cardiac m. closed chest m
gingival m. mechanical stimulation of the gingiva by rubbing or pressure.
heart m. rhythmic m. of the heart either in an open chest or through the chest wall to renew failed circulation during cardiac resuscitation.cardiac m;
open chest m. rhythmic manual compression of the ventricles of the heart with the hand inside the thoracic cavity.
prostatic m. 1. manual expression of prostatic secretions by digital rectal technique; 2. the emptying of prostatic sini and ducts by repeated downward compression maneuvers, used in the treatment of various congestive and inflammatory prostatic conditions.
vibratory m. very rapid tapping of the surface effected by means of an instrument, usually with an elastic tip.seismotherapy, sismotherapy, vibrotherapeutics;

Masselon Masselon

M. Julián, French physician, 1844-1917. See M.'s spectacles.

masseter masseter

See masseter muscle.

masseur masseur (ma-ser´)

1. A man who massages. 2. An instrument used in mechanical massage. [Fr. see massage]

masseuse masseuse (ma-suz´)

A woman who massages.

massicot massicot (mas´i-kot)

lead monoxide

Masson Masson

C.L. Pierre, Canadian pathologist, 1880-1959. See M.'s pseudoangiosarcoma; M.-Fontana ammoniacal silver stain.stain

massotherapy massotherapy (mas-o-thar´a-pe)

The therapeutic use of massage. [G. masso, to knead, + therapeia, treatment]

MAST MAST

Abbreviation for military antishock trousers.

mast- mast-

See masto-.

mastadenitis mastadenitis (mast´ad-e-nI´tis)

mastitis [masto- + G. aden, gland, + -itis, inflammation]

mastadenoma mastadenoma (mast´ad-e-no´ma)

An adenoma of the breast. [masto- + G. aden, gland, + -oma, tumor]

Mastadenovirus Mastadenovirus (mast-ad´e-no-vI´rus)

A genus of the family Adenoviridae, including adenoviruses that infect mammals, with over 40 antigenic types (species) being infective for humans. They cause respiratory infections in children, epidemic acute respiratory disease in military recruits, acute follicular conjunctivitis in adults, and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis; many infections are inapparent. [G. mastos, breast, hence mammal, + adenovirus]

mastalgia mastalgia (mas-tal´je-a)

mastodynia [masto- + G. algos, pain]

mastatrophy mastatrophy , mastatrophia (mas-tat´ro-fe, mast-a-tro´fe-a)

Atrophy or wasting of the breasts. [masto- + atrophy]

mastauxe mastauxe (mas-tawk´se)

Hypertrophy of the breast. [masto- + G. auxe, increase]

mastectomy mastectomy (mas-tek´to-me)

Excision of the breast.mammectomy; [masto- + G. ektome, excision]
extended radical m. excision of the entire breast including the nipple, areola, and overlying skin, as well as the pectoral muscles and the lymphatic-bearing tissues of the axilla and chest wall and internal mammary chain of lymph nodes.
modified radical m. excision of the entire breast including the nipple, areola, and overlying skin, as well as the lymphatic-bearing tissue in the axilla with preservation of the pectoral muscles.
radical m. excision of the entire breast including the nipple, areola, and overlying skin, as well as the pectoral muscles, lymphatic-bearing tissue in the axilla, and various other neighboring tissues.Halsted's operation (2);
simple m. excision of the breast including the nipple, areola, and most of the overlying skin.total m;
subcutaneous m. excision of the breast tissues, but sparing the skin, nipple, and areola; usually followed by implantation of a prosthesis.
total m. simple m

Master Master

Arthur, U.S. physician, *1895. See M. test; M.'s two-step exercise test.

Masters Masters

William H., U.S. gynecologist, *1915. See Allen-M. syndrome.

mastic mastic (mas´tik)

A resinous exudate from Pistacia lentiscus (family Anacardiaceae), a small tree of the Mediterranean shores; used in chewing gum, as an enteric coating, and as a temporary filling material in dentistry.mastich, mastiche; [G. mastiche, the resin of the mastich tree]

masticate masticate (mas´ti-kat)

To chew; to perform mastication.

mastication mastication (mas-ti-ka´shun)

The process of chewing food in preparation for deglutition and digestion; the act of grinding or comminuting with the teeth. [L. mastico, pp. -atus, to chew]

masticatory masticatory (mas´ti-ka-to-re)

Relating to mastication.

mastich mastich , mastiche (mas´tik, mas´ti-ke)

mastic

Mastigophora Mastigophora (mas´ti-gof´o-ra)

The flagellates, a subphylum of Protozoa having one or more locomotory flagella, a single vesicular nucleus, and symmetric binary fission; sexual reproduction is unknown in many groups (e.g., Volvox, Trypanosoma, Euglena). It consists of two classes: Phytomastigophorea (to which Euglena belongs), which contains chlorophyll and is therefore photosynthetic and holophytic (although this has secondarily been lost in some groups), and Zoomastigophorea (including Trypanosoma and Leishmania), which lacks chromatophores and is heterotrophic. [G. mastix (mastig-), a whip, + phoros, bearing]

mastigote mastigote (mas´ti-got)

An individual flagellate. [G. mastix, a whip]

mastitis mastitis (mas-tI´tis)

Inflammation of the breast.mammitis, mastadenitis; [masto- + G. -itis, inflammation]
bovine m. a disease complex which occurs in acute, gangrenous, chronic, and subclinical forms of inflammation of the bovine udder, and is due to a variety of infectious agents; animal care, hygiene, and management are important factors in this dairy cow disease of great economic importance.
chronic cystic m. older term corresponding to fibrocystic condition of the breast.
gargantuan m. obsolete term for chronic inflammation of the breast with great enlargement of the gland.
glandular m. parenchymatous m
granulomatous m. a rare granulomatous inflammation of lobular breast tissue, with multinucleated giant cells; sarcoidosis is excluded by the frequent presence of neutrophils and absence of involvement of other tissues.
interstitial m. inflammation of the connective tissue of the mammary gland.
lactational m. puerperal m
m. neonator´um m. in the secreting breast tissue of the newborn, usually staphylococcal.
ovine m. an acute inflammation of the sheep udder, usually gangrenous.bluebag;
parenchymatous m. inflammation of the secreting tissue of the breast.glandular m;
phlegmonous m. old term for abscess or cellulitis of the breast.
plasma cell m. a condition of the breasts characterized by tumorlike indurated masses containing numerous plasma cells, usually resulting from mammary duct ectasia; although clinically resembling malignant disease (attachment to skin and enlargement of axillary lymph nodes), it is not neoplastic.
puerperal m. m., usually suppurative, occurring in the later part of the puerperium.lactational m;
retromammary m. submammary m
stagnation m. painful distention of the breast occurring during the latter days of pregnancy and the first days of lactation.caked breast;
submammary m. inflammation of the tissues lying deep to the mammary gland.retromammary m;
suppurative m. inflammation of the breast due to infection with pyogenic bacteria.

masto- masto- , mast-

The breast; the mastoid. Cf. mammo-, mazo-. [G. mastos]

mastoccipital mastoccipital (mast´ok-sip´-i-tal)

masto-occipital

mastocyte mastocyte (mas´to-sIt)

mast cell

mastocytogenesis mastocytogenesis (mas´to-sI´to-jen´e-sis)

Formation and development of mast cells. [mastocyte + G. genesis production]

mastocytoma mastocytoma (mas´to-sI-to´ma)

A fairly well-circumscribed accumulation or nodular focus of mast cells, grossly resembling a neoplasm. [mastocyte + G. -oma, tumor]

mastocytosis mastocytosis (mas´to-sI-to´sis)

Abnormal proliferation of mast cells in a variety of tissues; may be systemic, involving a variety of organs, or cutaneous (urticaria pigmentosa). [mastocyte + G. -osis, condition]
diffuse m. infiltration of many organ systems by mast cells with varied clinical manifestations that can include fever, weight loss, flushing, bronchospasm, rhinorrhea, palpitations, dyspnea, diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding, and hypotension.systemic m;
diffuse cutaneous m. a benign process consisting of focal cutaneous infiltrates composed of mast cells; lesions are flat or slightly elevated, form wheals and itch when stroked; bone lesions may occur.urticaria pigmentosa;
systemic m. diffuse m

mastodynia mastodynia (mas-to-din´e-a)

Pain in the breast. See also mammary neuralgia.mammalgia, mastalgia, mazodynia; [masto- + G. odyne, pain]

mastoid mastoid (mas´toyd)

1. Resembling a mamma; breast-shaped. 2. Relating to the m. process, antrum, cells, etc.mastoidal; [masto- + G. eidos, resemblance]

mastoidal mastoidal (mas-toy´dal)

mastoid (2)

mastoidale mastoidale (mas-toy-da´le)

The lowest point on the contour of the mastoid process.

mastoidectomy mastoidectomy (mas´toy-dek´to-me)

Hollowing out of the mastoid process by curretting, gouging, drilling, or otherwise removing the bony partitions forming the mastoid cells. [mastoid (process) + G. ektome, excision]
radical m. an operation to exteriorize and join the mastoid air cells, the middle ear space, and the external meatus, often for extensive cholesteatoma.tympanomeatomastoidectomy;

mastoiditis mastoiditis (mas-toy-dI´tis)

Inflammation of any part of the mastoid process.mastoid empyema;
Bezold's m. m. with perforation medially into the digastric groove and forming a deep neck abscess.
sclerosing m. a chronic m. in which the trabeculae are greatly thickened, almost or entirely obliterating the cells.

mastoncus mastoncus (mas-tong´kus)

A tumor or swelling of the breasts. [masto- + G. onkos, mass]

masto-occipital masto-occipital (mas´to-ok-sip´i-tal)

Relating to the mastoid portion of the temporal bone and to the occipital bone, denoting the suture uniting them.mastoccipital;

mastoparietal mastoparietal (mas´to-pa-rI´e-tal)

Relating to the mastoid portion of the temporal bone and to the parietal bone, denoting the suture uniting them.

mastopathy mastopathy (mas-top´a-the)

Any disease of the breasts.mazopathy (2), mazopathia; [masto- + G. pathos, suffering]

mastopexy mastopexy (mas´to-pek-se)

Plastic surgery to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated and normal position, often with some improvement in shape. [masto- + G. pexis, fixation]

mastoplasia mastoplasia (mas-to-pla´ze-a)

Enlargement of the breast. [masto- + G. plasis, a molding]

mastoplasty mastoplasty (mas´to-plas-te)

mammaplasty [masto- + G. plastos, formed]

mastoptosis mastoptosis (mas-top-to´sis)

Ptosis or sagging of the breast. [masto- + G. ptosis, a falling]

mastorrhagia mastorrhagia (mas-to-ra´je-a)

Hemorrhage from a breast. [masto- + G. rhegnymi, to burst forth]

mastosquamous mastosquamous (mas´to-skwa´mus)

Relating to the mastoid and the squamous portions of the temporal bone.

mastosyrinx mastosyrinx (mas´to-sir´ingks)

A fistula of the mammary gland. [masto- + G. syrinx, tube]

mastotomy mastotomy (mas-tot´o-me)

Incision of the breast.mammotomy; [masto- + G. tome, incision]

masturbate masturbate (mas´ter-bat)

To practice masturbation. [L. masturbari, pp. masturbatus]

masturbation masturbation

Self-stimulation of the genitals for erotic pleasure, often resulting in orgasm.
false m. peotillomania

Masugi Masugi

Matazo, 20th century Japanese pathologist. See M.'s nephritis.

Matas Matas

Rudolph, U.S. surgeon, 1860-1957. See M.'s operation.

matching matching

The process of making a study group and a comparison group in an epidemiological study comparable with respect to extraneous or confounding factors such as age, sex, weight, etc.

maté maté (mah-ta´)

The dried leaves of Ilex paraguayensis and other species of Ilex (family Aquifoliaceae), shrubs growing in Paraguay and Brazil, which contain caffeine and tannin; used in South American countries as a beverage and medicinally as a diuretic and diaphoretic, and for the relief of headache.Paraguay tea; [Sp. maté, a vessel in which the leaves are prepared]

mater mater (ma´ter)

The "sheltering" coverings of the central nervous system. [L. mother]

materia materia (ma-te´re-a)

Substance or matter. [L. substance]
m. al´ba accumulation or aggregation of microorganisms, desquamated epithelial cells, blood cells and food debris loosely adherent to surfaces of plaques, teeth, gingiva or dental appliances. [L. white matter]
m. med´ica 1. that aspect of medical science concerned with the origin and preparation of drugs, their doses, and their mode of administration; 2. any agent used therapeutically. See also pharmacognosy, pharmacology. [L. medical matter]

material material (ma-ter´e-al)

That of which something is made or composed; the constituent element of a substance. [L. materialis, fr. materia, substance]
base m. any substance from which a denture base may be made, such as shellac, acrylic resin, vulcanite, polystyrene, metal, etc.
by-product m. radioactive material produced by nuclear fission or by neutron irradiation in a nuclear reactor or similar device.
contrast m. contrast medium
cross-reacting m. (CRM) a substance sufficiently different from a reference substance (R) to have a perceptibly different function from R but sufficiently similar to R that it reacts with anti-R antibodies; e.g., mutant factor VIII may be defective or even inert in coagulation and yet be immunologically identified as factor VIII.
dental m. any m. used in dentistry.
genetic m. the carrier of hereditary information; in higher organisms it is duplex DNA.
impression m. any substance or combination of substances used for making a negative reproduction or impression.
plastic restoration m. in dentistry, any m. that may be shaped directly to the tooth cavity, such as amalgam, cement, or resin.
restorative dental m.'s m.'s used to replace oral tissues in dentistry; e.g., amalgam, gold alloys, cements, porcelain, plastics, and denture m.'s.

materies morbi materies morbi (ma-te´re-ez mor´bI)

The substance acting as the immediate cause of a disease. [L. the matter of disease]

maternal maternal (ma-ter´nal)

Relating to or derived from the mother. [L. maternus, fr. mater, mother]

maternity maternity (ma-ter´ni-te)

Motherhood. [see maternal]

mating mating (mat´ing)

The pairing of male and female for the purpose of reproduction.
assortative m. selection of a mate with preference for (or aversion to) a particular genotype, i.e., nonrandom m.nonrandom m;
cross m. See cross.
nonrandom m. assortative m
random m. a practice of m. in a population in which at some specified locus m. patterns occur with expected frequencies predicted by the product of the frequencies of the genotypes in the population.panmixis;

matrass matrass (mat´ras)

A long-necked glass vessel used for heating dry substances in chemical manipulations. [Fr. matras]

matrical matrical (mat´ri-kal)

Relating to any matrix.matricial;

matricaria matricaria (mat-ri-ka´re-a)

The flowers of Matricaria chamomilla (family Compositae); used internally as a tonic and externally as a counterirritant. See also chamomile. [L. matrix, womb]

matrices matrices (ma´tri-sez, mat´rI-sez)

Plural of matrix. [L.]

matricial matricial (ma-trish´al)

matrical

matricide matricide (mat´ri-sId)

1. The killing of one's mother. Cf. patricide. 2. One who commits such an act. [L. mater, mother, + caedo, to kill]

matrilineal matrilineal (mat-ri-lin´e-al)

Denoting descent through the female line. [L. mater, mother, + linea, line]

matrix matrix, pl. matrices (ma´triks, mat´riks; ma´tri-sez, mat´ri-sez)

1. [NA] The formative portion of a tooth or a nail. 2. The intercellular substance of a tissue. 3. A surrounding substance within which something is contained or embedded, e.g., the fatty tissue in which blood vessels or lymph nodes lie; provides a matrix for these embedded structures. 4. A mold in which anything is cast or swaged; a counterdie; a specially shaped instrument, plastic material, or metal strip used for holding and shaping the material used in filling a tooth cavity. 5. A rectangular array of numbers or symbol quantities that simplify the execution of linear operations of tedious complexity, e.g., the ITO method; the theory of matrices is widely used in solving simultaneous equations and in population genetics. [L. womb; female breeding animal]
amalgam m. a device used during placement of the amalgam mass within a compound cavity preparation, facilitating proper condensation and contour thereof by providing a confining wall.
bone m. the intercellular substance of bone tissue consisting of collagen fibers, ground substance, and inorganic bone salts.
cartilage m. the intercellular substance of cartilage consisting of fibers and ground substance.
cell m. cytoplasmic m
cytoplasmic m. a fluid cytoplasmic substance filling the interstices of the cytoskeleton.cell m., cytomatrix;
external m. the substance occupying the space between the inner and outer membrane of any organelle (e.g., mitochondria) with a double membrane.
identity m. a square m. in which the quantities on the diagnonal from top left to bottom right are all equal to 1 and all the other entries are 0.
mitochondrial m. m. mitochondrialis
m. mitochondria´lis the substance occupying the space enclosed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion; it contains enzymes, filaments of DNA, ribosomes, granules, and inclusions of protein crystals, glycogen, and lipid.mitochondrial m;
nail m. nail bed
nuclear m. the network of protein fibers both around the outside of the nucleus as well as inside the nucleus.
square m. a m. in which the numbers of rows and columns are equal.
territorial m. cartilage capsule
m. un´guis [NA] nail bed

matter matter

substance See also substance. [L. materies, substance]
gray m. those regions of the brain and spinal cord which are made up primarily of the cell bodies and dendrites of nerve cells rather than myelinated axons.substantia grisea [NA], gray substance, substantia cinerea;
pontine gray m. pontine nuclei, under nucleus
white m. those regions of the brain and spinal cord that are largely or entirely composed of nerve fibers and contain few or no neuronal cell bodies or dendrites.substantia alba [NA], alba, white substance;

maturate maturate (mat´yu-rat)

To suppurate. [L. maturo, pp. -atus, to make ripe, fr. maturus, ripe]

maturation maturation (mat-yu-ra´shun)

1. Achievement of full development or growth. 2. Developmental changes that lead to maturity. 3. Processing of a macromolecule; e.g., posttranscriptional modification of RNA or posttranslational modification of proteins. [L. maturatio, a ripening, fr. maturus, ripe]

mature mature (ma-chur´, -tur)

1. Ripe; fully developed. 2. To ripen; to become fully developed. [L. maturus, ripe]

maturity maturity (ma-chur´i-te)

A state of full development or completed growth.

Mauchart Mauchart , Mauchard

Burkhard D., German anatomist, 1696-1751. See M.'s ligaments, under ligament.

Maurer Maurer

Georg, German physician in Sumatra, *1909. See M.'s clefts, under cleft, dots, under dot.

Mauriac Mauriac

Pierre, French physician, *1882. See M.'s syndrome.

Mauriceau Mauriceau

François, French obstetrician, 1637-1709. See M.'s maneuver; M.-Levret maneuver.

Mauthner Mauthner

Ludwig, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1840-1894. See M.'s cell, sheath, test.

maxilla maxilla, gen and pl. maxillae (mak-sil´a, mak-sil´e) [NA]

An irregularly shaped bone, supporting the superior teeth and taking part in the formation of the orbit, hard palate, and nasal cavity.upper jaw bone, upper jaw; [L. jawbone]

maxillary maxillary (mak´si-lar-e)

Relating to the maxilla, or upper jaw.

maxillectomy maxillectomy (mak-sil-ek´to-me)

Resection of the maxilla. [maxilla + G. ektome, excision]

maxillitis maxillitis (mak´si-lI´tis)

Inflammation of the maxilla.

maxillodental maxillodental (mak-sil´o-den´tal)

Relating to the upper jaw and its associated teeth.

maxillofacial maxillofacial (mak-sil´o-fa´shal)

Pertaining to the jaws and face, particularly with reference to specialized surgery of this region.

maxillojugal maxillojugal (mak-sil´o-ju´gal)

Relating to the maxilla and the zygomatic bone.

maxillomandibular maxillomandibular (mak-sil´o-man-dib´yu-lar)

Relating to the upper and lower jaws.

maxillopalatine maxillopalatine (mak-sil´o-pal´a-tIn)

Relating to the maxilla and the palatine bone.

maxillotomy maxillotomy (mak-si-lot´o-me)

Surgical sectioning of the maxilla to allow movement of all or a part of the maxilla into the desired portion. [maxilla + G. tome, incision]

maxilloturbinal maxilloturbinal (mak-sil´lo-ter´bi-nal)

Relating to the inferior nasal concha.

Maximow Maximow

Alexander A., Russian physician in U.S., 1874-1928. See M.'s stain for bone marrow.

maximum maximum (mak´si-mum)

The greatest amount, value, or degree attained or attainable. [L. neuter of maximus, greatest]
glucose transport m. the maximal rate of reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate; it amounts to approximately 320 mg/min in humans.
transport m. (Tm) the maximal rate of secretion or reabsorption of a substance by the renal tubules.tubular m;
tubular m. (Tm) transport m

May May

Richard, German physician. See M.-Hegglin anomaly.

May apple May apple

podophyllum

Mayer Mayer

Paul, German histologist, 1848-1923. See M.'s hemalum stain, mucicarmine stain, mucihematein stain.

Mayer Mayer

Karl, Austrian neurologist, 1862-1932. See M.'s reflex.

Mayer Mayer

Karl, W., German gynecologist, 1795-1868. See M.'s pessary.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome

See under syndrome.

May-Grünwald stain May-Grünwald stain

See under stain.

mayidism mayidism (ma´id-izm)

pellagra [Zea mays, maize]

Mayo Mayo

William J., U.S. surgeon, 1861-1939. See M.'s operation, vein.

Mayo Mayo

Charles H., U.S. surgeon, 1865-1939. See M. bunionectomy.

Mayo-Robson Mayo-Robson

Sir Arthur W., British surgeon, 1853-1933. See Mayo-Robson's point; Mayo-Robson's position.

Mayou Mayou

Marmaduke Stephen, British ophthalmologist, 1876-1934. See Batten-M. disease.

mazamorra mazamorra (maz-a-mor´a)

Name given in Puerto Rico to a dermatitis caused by penetration of the skin by hookworm larvae.

maze maze (maz)

A labyrinth; frequently used to study higher functions of the nervous system in rats. [M.E. masen, to confuse]

mazindol mazindol (ma´zin-dol)

An isoindole anorexiant that is distinctive in not having the phenethylamine chain common to sympathomimetic amines.

mazo- mazo-

The breast. See also masto-. [G. mazos]

mazodynia mazodynia (ma-zo-din´e-a)

mastodynia [mazo- + G. odyne, pain]

mazolysis mazolysis (ma-zol´i-sis)

Detachment of the placenta. [G. maza, placenta, + lysis, a loosening]

mazopathy mazopathy , mazopathia (ma-zop´a-the, ma-zo-path´e-a)

1. Any disease of the placenta. [G. maza, a barley cake (placenta), + pathos, suffering] 2. mastopathy [G. mazos, breast]

mazopexy mazopexy (ma´zo-pek-se)

Obsolete term for mastopexy. [mazo- + G. pexis, fixation]

mazoplasia mazoplasia (ma-zo-pla´ze-a)

Old term for mastoplasia. [mazo- + G. plasia, a moulding]

Mazzoni Mazzoni

Vittorio, Italian physician, 1880-1940. See M. corpuscle; Golgi-M. corpuscle.

Mazzotti Mazzotti

Luigi, Mexican physician specializing in tropical medicine in mid-20th century. See Mazzotti reaction, Mazzotti test.

Mb Mb , MbCO , MbO₂

Symbols for myoglobin and its combinations with CO and O₂ (oxymyoglobulin).

MBC MBC

Abbreviation for maximum breathing capacity.

M.C. M.C.

Abbreviation for Magister Chirurgiae, Master of Surgery; Medical Corps.

mc mc

Former abbreviation for millicurie.

McArdle McArdle

Brian, 20th century British neurologist. See McA.'s disease; McA.-Schmid-Pearson disease; McA.'s syndrome.

McBurney McBurney

Charles, U.S. surgeon, 1845-1913. See McB.'s incision, point, sign.

McCarthy McCarthy

Daniel J., U.S. neurologist, 1874-1958. See McC.'s reflexes, under reflex.

McCrea McCrea

Lowrain E., U.S. urologist, *1896. See McC. sound.

McCune McCune

Donovan James, U.S. pediatrician, 1902-1976. See M.-Albright syndrome.

McDonald McDonald

Ellice, U.S. gynecologist, 1876-1955. See McD.'s maneuver.

McGoon McGoon

Dwight C., U.S. surgeon, *1925. See McG.'s technique.

MCH MCH

Abbreviation for mean corpuscular hemoglobin.

M.Ch. M.Ch.

Abbreviation for Magister Chirurgiae, Master of Surgery.

MCHC MCHC

Abbreviation for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration.

mCi mCi

Abbreviation for millicurie.

McKee McKee

George Kenneth, British orthopedic surgeon, *1930. See McK.'s line.

McLean McLean

Malcolm, U.S. obstetrician, 1848-1924. See Tucker-McL. forceps.

MCMI MCMI

Abbreviation for Millon clinical multiaxial inventory.

McMurray McMurray

Thomas P., British surgeon, *1889. See McM. test.

m-cone m-cone

Middle wavelength sensitive c. (green c.).

MCP-1 MCP-1

Abbreviation for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.

McPhail McPhail

M.K., Canadian physiologist, *1907. See McP. test.

MCR MCR

Abbreviation for steroid metabolic clearance rate.

McReynolds McReynolds

John O., U.S. ophthalmologist, 1865-1942.

M-CSF M-CSF

Abbreviation for macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

MCV MCV

Abbreviation for mean corpuscular volume.

McVay McVay

Chester B., U.S. surgeon, *1911. See McV.'s operation.

MD MD

Abbreviation for methyldichloroarsine.

M.D. M.D.

Abbreviation of Medicinae Doctor, Doctor of Medicine.

Md Md

Symbol for mendelevium.

MDF MDF

Abbreviation for myocardial depressant factor.

m. dict. m. dict.

Abbreviation for [L] more dicto, as directed.

MDMA MDMA

A centrally active phenethylamine derivative related to amphetamine and methamphetamine, with central nervous system excitant and hallucinogenic properties.3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine;

MDNCF MDNCF

Abbreviation for monocyte derived neutrophil chemotactic factor.

M'Dowel M'Dowel

Benjamin G., Irish anatomist, 1829-1885. See frenulum of M.

M.D.S. M.D.S.

Abbreviation of Master of Dental Surgery.

Me Me

Symbol for methyl.

Meadows Meadows

William Robert, U.S. cardiologist, *1919. See M.'s syndrome.

meal meal (mel)

1. The food consumed at regular intervals or at a specified time. 2. Ground flour from a grain.
Boyden m. a m. consisting of three or four egg yolks, beaten up in milk and seasoned with sugar, port wine, etc., used to test the evacuation time of the gallbladder; two-thirds to three-quarters of the contents will be normally evacuated within 40 minutes.
test m. 1. toast and tea, or crackers and tea, or gruel or other bland food, given to stimulate gastric secretion before withdrawing gastric contents for analysis; 2. administration of food containing a substance thought to be responsible for symptoms, such as an allergic reaction.

mean mean (men)

A statistical measurement of central tendency or average of a set of values, usually assumed to be the arithmetic m. unless otherwise specified. [M.E., mene fr. O.Fr., fr. L. medianus, in the middle]
arithmetic m. the m. calculated by adding a set of values and then dividing the sum by the number of values.
geometric m. the m. calculated as the antilogarithm of the arithmetic mean of the logarithms of the individual values; it can also be calculated as the nth root of the product of n values.
harmonic m. the m. calculated as the number of values being averaged, divided by the sum of their reciprocals.
regression of the m. if, for a symmetrical population with a single mode, a measurement, selected because it is extreme, is repeated, on average the second reading will be closer to the m. than the first.
standard error of the m. (SEM) a statistical index of the probability that a given sample m. is representative of the m. of the population from which the sample was drawn.

measle measle (me´zl)

1. The larva (Cysticercus cellulosae) of Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm. 2. The larva (Cysticercus bovis) of Taenia saginata, the beef tapeworm.

measles measles (me´zlz)

1. An acute exanthematous disease, caused by m. virus, a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, and marked by fever and other constitutional disturbances, a catarrhal inflammation of the respiratory mucous membranes, and a generalized maculopapular eruption of a dusky red color; the eruption occurs early on the buccal mucous membrane in the form of Koplik's spots, under spot, a manifestation utilized in early diagnosis; average incubation period is from 10 to 12 days.morbilli; 2. A disease of swine caused by the presence of Cysticercus cellulosae, the measle or larva of Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm. 3. A disease of cattle caused by the presence of Cysticercus bovis, the measle or larva of Taenia saginata, the beef tapeworm of man. [D. maselen]
atypical m. sometimes severe, unusual clinical manifestation of natural m. virus infection in persons with waning vaccination immunity, particularly in those who had received formaldehyde-inactivated vaccine; an accelerated allergic reaction apparently resulting from an anamnestic antibody response, characterized by high fever, absence of Koplik's spots, a shortened prodromal period, atypical rash, and pneumonia.
black m. 1. hemorrhagic m 2. Rocky Mountain spotted fever
German m. rubella
hemorrhagic m. a severe form in which the eruption is dark in color due to effusion of blood into affected areas of the skin.black m. (1);
three-day m. rubella
tropical m. a disease of uncertain character, somewhat resembling rubella, occurring in southern China.

measly measly (mez´le)

Pertaining to pork or beef infected with the cysticerci of the tapeworms Taenia solium or Taenia saginata, respectively.

measure measure (mezh´er)

1. To determine the magnitude or quantity of a substance by comparing it to some accepted standard or by calculation. 2. A specified magnitude of a physical quantity. 3. A graduated instrument used to measure an object or substance. [O.F. mesure, fr. L. mensura, fr. metior, to measure]

measurement measurement (mezh´ur-ment)

Determination of a dimension or quantity.
end-point m. analytical m. at the end of a chemical reaction, as opposed to making the m. while the reaction proceeds.
kinetic m. continuous or frequent monitoring of the readings in a chemical reaction to determine its rate.
nasion-pogonion m. facial plane

measures of central tendency measures of central tendency

General term for several characteristics of the distribution of a set of measurements or values around a value or values at or near the middle of the set; the principal measures of central tendency are mean, median, and mode.

meatal meatal (me-a´tal)

Relating to a meatus.

meato- meato-

Meatus. [L. meatus, passage]

meatometer meatometer (me-a-tom´e-ter)

An instrument for measuring the size of a meatus, especially the meatus of the urethra. [meato- + G. metron, measure]

meatoplasty meatoplasty (me´a-to-plas-te)

Plastic surgery of a meatus or canal, e.g., the external auditory meatus or the urethral meatus.

meatorrhaphy meatorrhaphy (me-a-tor´a-fe)

Closing by suture of the wound made by performing a meatomy. [meato- + G. rhaphe, suture]

meatoscope meatoscope (me-at´o-skop)

A form of speculum for examining a meatus, especially the meatus of the urethra. [meato- + G. skopeo, to view]

meatoscopy meatoscopy (me-a-tos´ko-pe)

Inspection, usually instrumental, of any meatus, especially of the meatus of the urethra. [meato- + G. skopeo, to view]

meatotome meatotome (me-at´o-tom)

A knife with short cutting edge for use in meatotomy.

meatotomy meatotomy (me-a-tot´o-me)

An incision made to enlarge a meatus, e.g., of the urethra or ureter. [meato- + G. tome, incision]

meatus meatus, pl. meatus (me-a´tus) [NA]

A passage or channel, especially the external opening of a canal. [L. a going, a passage, fr. meo, pp. meatus, to go, pass]
acoustic m. external acoustic m
m. acus´ticus exter´nus [NA] external acoustic m
m. acus´ticus inter´nus [NA] internal acoustic m
external acoustic m. the passage leading inward through the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, from the auricle to the tympanic membrane; it consists of a bony (inner) portion and a fibrocartilaginous (outer) portion, the cartilaginous external acoustic meatus.m. acusticus externus [NA], acoustic m., antrum auris, auditory canal, external auditory m;
external auditory m. external acoustic m
fish-mouth m. a red and swollen condition of the orifice of the urethra (urinary m.) in gonorrhea.
internal acoustic m. a canal running from the opening of the internal acoustic meatus, through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, ending at the fundus where a thin plate of bone separates it from the vestibule; it gives passage to the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves together with the labyrinthine artery and veins.m. acusticus internus [NA], internal auditory m;
internal auditory m. internal acoustic m
nasal m. any of three passages in the nasal cavity formed by the projection of the conchae: middle nasal m., lies below the inferior concha; middle nasal m., lies between the middle and inferior conchae; superior nasal m., lies between the superior and middle conchae.m. nasi [NA];
m. na´si [NA] nasal m
m. nasopharyn´geus [NA] nasopharyngeal passage
ureteral m. ureteric orifice
m. urina´rius external urethral orifice

mebanazine mebanazine (me-ban´a-zen)

(1-Phenylethyl)methylbenzyl)hydrazine;an antidepressant with inhibitory effect on monoamine oxidase.

mebendazole mebendazole (me-ben´da-zol)

Methyl 5-benzoylbenzimidazole-2-carbamate;an effective broad-spectrum nematicidal agent against intestinal nematodes such as pinworm, hookworm, whipworm, and Ascaris.

mebeverine hydrochloride mebeverine hydrochloride (me-bev´er-en)

4-[Ethyl(p-methoxy-a-methylphenethyl)amino] butyl veratrate hydrochloride;an intestinal antispasmodic.

mebhydroline mebhydroline (meb-hI´dro-len)

5-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-methyl-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;an antihistaminic.

mebrophenhydramine mebrophenhydramine (me-bro-fen-hI´dra-men)

2-(p-Bromo-a-methyl-a-phenylbenzyloxy)-N,N-dimethylethylamine;an antihistaminic.

mebutamate mebutamate (me-byu´ta-mat)

Carbamic acid 2-sec-butyl-2-methyltrimethylene ester;chemically, it differs only slightly from meprobamate, and possesses similar CNS-depressant properties.

mecamylamine hydrochloride mecamylamine hydrochloride (mek´a-mil´a-men)

3-Methylaminoisocamphane hydrochloride;a secondary amine that blocks transmission of impulses at autonomic ganglia (similar to but more effective than hexamethonium); used in the management of severe hypertension.

mechanical mechanical (me-kan´i-kal)

1. Performed by means of some apparatus, not manually. 2. Explaining phenomena in terms of mechanics. 3. Automatic. [G. meckanikos, relating to a machine, fr. mechane, a contrivance, machine]

mechanicoreceptor mechanicoreceptor (me-kan´i-ko-re-sep´ter, tor)

mechanoreceptor

mechanics mechanics (me-kan´iks)

The science of the action of forces in promoting motion or equilibrium. [see mechanical]
body m. the study of the action of muscles in producing motion or posture of the body.

mechanism mechanism (mek´a-nizm)

1. An arrangement or grouping of the parts of anything that has a definite action. 2. The means by which an effect is obtained. [G. mechane, a contrivance]
association m. the cerebral m. whereby the memory of past sensations may be compared or associated with present ones.
counter-current m. a system in the renal medulla that facilitates concentration of the urine as it passes through the renal tubules. See countercurrent exchanger, countercurrent multiplier.
defense m. 1. a psychological means of coping with conflict or anxiety, e.g., conversion, denial, dissociation, rationalization, repression, sublimation; 2. the psychic structure underlying a coping strategy; 3. immunological m. vs. non-specific defense m.
double displacement m. ping-pong m
Douglas m. m. of spontaneous evolution in transverse lie; extreme lateral flexion of the vertebral column with birth of the lateral aspect of thorax before the buttocks.
Duncan's m. passage of the placenta from the uterus with the rough side foremost.
gating m. 1. occurrence of the maximum refractory period among cardiac conducting cells approximately 2 mm proximal to the terminal Purkinje fibers in the ventricular muscle, beyond which the refractory period is shortened through a sequence of Purkinje cells, transitional cells, and muscular cells; gating m. may be a cause of ventricular aberration, bidirectional tachycardia, and concealed extrasystoles; 2. a m. by which painful impulses may be blocked from entering the spinal cord. Cf. gate-control theory.
immunological m. the groups of cells (chiefly lymphocytes and cells of the reticuloendothelial system) that function in establishing active acquired immunity (induced sensitivity, allergy).
ordered m. a scheme for substrate binding and product release for multisubstrate enzymes; for a two-substrate two-product enzyme with an ordered m., one particular substrate has to bind to the enzyme first followed by the other substrate; chemistry then occurs, products are formed and are released from the enzyme in a distinct order. More complex ordered schemes exist for enzymes having more than two substrates. Some of the dehydrogenases have such a m.ordered;
ordered on-random off m. a scheme for substrate binding and product release for multisubstrate enzymes; for a two-substrate two-product enzyme with this m., the individuals have to bind to the enzyme in a distinct order; however, once the products are formed they may dissociate from the enzyme in either order. It has been suggested that pyruvate kinase has such a mechanism. The random on-ordered off m. is simply the reverse of this m.
ping-pong m. a special multisubstrate reaction in which, for a two-substrate, two-product (i.e., bi-bi) system, an enzyme reacts with one substrate to form a product and a modified enzyme, the latter then reacting with a second substrate to form a second, final product, and regenerating the original enzyme. An example of such a m. is found in the aminotransferases. More complex ping-pong m.'s exist for enzymes having more than two substrates.double displacement m;
pressoreceptive m. the pressoreceptor system, especially of the carotid sinuses and aortic arch.
proprioceptive m. the m. of sense of position and movement, by which muscular movements can be adjusted to a great degree of accuracy and equilibrium maintained.
random m. a scheme for substrate binding and product release for a multisubstrate enzyme; for a two-substrate two-product enzyme with this m., either substrate can bind first and, after the reaction has taken place, either product can be the first to dissociate from the enzyme. Brain hexokinase has a random m. More complex random m.'s exist for enzymes having more than two substrates.
re-entrant m. the probable basis of most arrhythmias, requiring at least three criteria in the heart: 1. a loop circuit, 2. unidirectional block, 3. slowed conduction. Impulses enter the loop circuit and divide in both directions (blocked in one direction only), negotiate the loop circuit to the area of block where the slowed conduction has allowed the impulse to arrive at a time when the tissue proximal to the unidirectional block has recovered and will permit its passage in the opposite direction.
Schultze's m. expulsion of the placenta with the fetal surface foremost.

mechanocardiography mechanocardiography (mek´a-no-kar-de-og´ra-fe)

Use of graphic tracings reflecting the mechanical effects of the heartbeat, such as the carotid pulse tracing or apexcardiogram; phonocardiography is also usually considered a form of m.

mechanocyte mechanocyte (mek´a-no-sIt)

An in vitro tissue culture fibroblast.

mechanophobia mechanophobia (mek´a-no-fo´be-a)

Morbid fear of machinery. [G. mechane, machine, + phobos, fear]

mechanoreceptor mechanoreceptor (mek´a-no-re-sep´tor)

A receptor which responds to mechanical pressure or distortion; e.g., receptors in the carotid sinuses, touch receptors in the skin.mechanicoreceptor;

mechanoreflex mechanoreflex (mek´a-no-re´fleks)

A reflex triggered by stimulation of a mechanoreceptor.

mechanotherapy mechanotherapy (mek´a-no-thar´a-pe)

Treatment of disease by means of apparatus or mechanical appliances of any kind. [G. mechane, machine, + therapeia, treatment]

mèche mèche (mash)

A strip of gauze or other material used as a tent or drain. [Fr. wick]

mechlorethamine hydrochloride mechlorethamine hydrochloride (mek´lor-eth´a-men)

2,2´-Dichloro-N-methyldiethylamine hydrochloride; methyl-bis(beta-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride; nitrogen mustard hydrochloride;it is cytotoxic for all cells, but with a special affinity for bone marrow, lymphatic tissues, and rapidly proliferating cells of certain neoplasms. Used for the palliative treatment of Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, and certain chronic leukemias.mustine hydrochloride;

mecillinam mecillinam (me-sil´i-nam)

amdinocillin

mecism mecism (me´sizm)

Abnormal elongation of the body or one or more of its parts. [G. mekos, length, -ismos, condition]

Mecistocirrus Mecistocirrus (me-sis-to-sir´us)

A monotypic genus of trichostrongylid nematodes (subfamily Mecistocirrinae), with the single species, M. digitatus; it is not grossly distinguished from Haemonchus contortus and has about the same effect on the host. M. is distributed chiefly in Asia in cattle, sheep, buffalo, bison, the stomach of pigs, and occasionally in humans. [G. mekistos, very long, + L. cirrus, curl, the protruding male organ of a nematode]

Meckel Meckel

Johann F., the younger, German comparative anatomist and embryologist, 1781-1833. See M. scan, syndrome; M.'s cartilage, diverticulum, plane; M.-Gruber syndrome.

Meckel Meckel

Johann F., the elder, German anatomist and obstetrician, 1714-1774. See M.'s band, cavity, ganglion, ligament, space.

Mecke's reagent Mecke's reagent

See under reagent.

meclastine meclastine (me-klas´ten)

clemastine

meclizine hydrochloride meclizine hydrochloride (mek´li-zen)

1-(p-Chlorobenzhydryl)-4-(m-methylbenzyl)piperazine dihydrochloride;an antihistaminic useful in the prevention and relief of motion sickness and symptoms caused by vestibular disorders.meclozine hydrochloride;

meclofenamate sodium meclofenamate sodium (mek-lo-fen´a-mat)

Monosodium N-(2,6-dichloro-m-tolyl)anthranilate monohydrate;a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic actions.

meclofenamic acid meclofenamic acid (me-klo-fen-am´ik)

An NSAID used for inflammatory conditions and dysmenorrhea; also antipyretic.

meclofenoxate meclofenoxate (mek´lo-fen-ok´sat)

2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl (4-chlorophenoxy)acetate;an analeptic.

meclozine hydrochloride meclozine hydrochloride (mek´lo-zen)

meclizine hydrochloride

mecometer mecometer (me-kom´e-ter)

An instrument, such as calipers with a scale attachment, for measurement of newborn infants. [G. mekos, length, + metron, measure]

meconate meconate (mek´o-nat)

A salt or ester of meconic acid. [G. mekon, poppy]

meconic acid meconic acid (me-kon´ik)

3-Hydroxy-4-oxy-4H-pyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid;obtained from opium; it forms soluble salts (meconates) with many of the alkaloids of opium.

meconin meconin (mek´o-nin)

C₁₀H₁₀O₄;the lactone of meconic acid, found also in Hydrastis canadensis; a hypnotic.opianyl;

meconiorrhea meconiorrhea (me-ko´ne-o-re´a)

Passage, by the newborn infant, of an abnormally large amount of meconium. [meconium + G. rhoia, flow]

meconism meconism (me´ko-nizm)

Rarely used term for opium addiction or poisoning. [G. mekon, poppy]

meconium meconium (me-ko´ne-um)

1. The first intestinal discharges of the newborn infant, greenish in color and consisting of epithelial cells, mucus, and bile. 2. opium [L., fr. G. mekonion, dim. of mekon, poppy]

medazepam hydrochloride medazepam hydrochloride (me-daz´e-pam)

7-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine monohydrochloride;an antianxiety agent.

medfalan medfalan (med´fal-an)

medphalan

media media (me´de-a)

1. tunica media 2. Plural of medium. [L. fem. of medius, middle]

mediad mediad (me´de-ad)

Toward the middle line.

medial medial (me´de-al)

Relating to the middle or center; nearer to the median or midsagittal plane.medialis [NA]; [L. medialis, middle]

medialecithal medialecithal (me´de-a-les´i-thal)

Denoting an egg with a moderate amount of yolk, as in amphibians. [L. medialis, medial, + G. lekithos, egg yolk]

medialis medialis (me-de-a´lis) [NA]

medial, medial [L.]

median median (me´de-an)

1. Central;middle; lying in the midline.medianus [NA]; 2. The middle value in a set of measurements; like the mean, a measure of central tendency. [L. medianus, middle]

medianus medianus (me-de-a´nus) [NA]

median (1) [L.]

mediastinal mediastinal (me´de-as-tI´nal)

Relating to the mediastinum.

mediastinitis mediastinitis (me´de-as-ti-nI´tis)

Inflammation of the cellular tissue of the mediastinum.
fibrosing m. mediastinal fibrosis
fibrous m. scarring of mediastinal structures of unknown origin or due to infection.
idiopathic fibrous m. mediastinal fibrosis

mediastinography mediastinography (me´de-as-ti-nog´ra-fe)

Radiography of the mediastinum. [mediastinum + G. grapho, to write]
gaseous m. radiography of the mediastinum after injection of air (artificial pneumomediastinum), an obsolete procedure.

mediastinopericarditis mediastinopericarditis (me´de-as´tin-o-per´i-kar-dI´tis)

Inflammation of the pericardium and of the surrounding mediastinal cellular tissue.

mediastinoscope mediastinoscope (me-de-as´tin´-o-skop)

An endoscope for inspection of mediastinum through a suprasternal incision.

mediastinoscopy mediastinoscopy (me´de-as-ti-nos´ko-pe)

Exploration of the mediastinum through a suprasternal incision, for biopsy of paratracheal lymph nodes. [mediastinum + G. skopeo, to view]

mediastinotomy mediastinotomy (me´de-as-ti-not´o-me)

Incision into the mediastinum. [mediastinum + G. tome, incision]
anterior m. Chamberlain procedure

mediastinum mediastinum (me´de-as-tI´num) [NA]

1. A septum between two parts of an organ or a cavity. 2. The median partition of the thoracic cavity, covered by the mediastinal pleura and containing all the thoracic viscera and structures except the lungs. It is divided arbitrarily into five parts: anterior mediastinum, inferior mediastinum, middle mediastinum, posterior mediastinum, and superior mediastinum.interpleural space, interpulmonary septum, mediastinal space, septum mediastinale; [Mod. L. a middle septum, fr. Mediev. L. mediastinus, medial, fr. L. mediastinus, a lower servant, fr. medius, middle]
anterior m. anterior m., the narrow region between the pericardium and the sternum containing the thymus or its remnants, some lymph nodes and vessels and branches of the internal thoracic artery.m. anterius;
m. ante´rius anterior m
inferior m. the region below a plane transecing the T_4/5 intervertebral disc posteriorly and the sternal angle anteriorly, demarcating the inferior limit of the superior mediastinum. It is subdivided into three regions: middle, anterior, and posterior.m. inferius;
m. infe´rius inferior m
m. me´dium middle m
middle m. the central portion of the inferior m. which contains the pericardium and its contents and the phrenic nerves and accompanying vessels.m. medium;
posterior m. lies between the pericardium and the vertebral column, below the level of the T_4/5 intervertebral disc. It contains the descending aorta, thoracic duct, esophagus, azygos veins, and vagus nerves.m. posterius, postmediastinum;
m. poste´rius posterior m
superior m. that part lying above, i.e., above the pericardium; it contains the arch of the aorta and the vessels arising from it, the brachiocephalic veins, and upper portion of the superior vena cava, the trachea, the esophagus, the thoracic duct, the thymus, and the phrenic, vagus, cardiac, and left recurrent laryngeal nerves.m. superius;
m. supe´rius superior m
m. tes´tis [NA] a mass of fibrous tissue continuous with the tunica albuginea, projecting into the testis from its posterior border.corpus highmori, corpus highmorianum, Highmore's body, septum of testis;

mediate mediate

1. (me´de-it) Situated between; intermediate. 2. (me´de-at) To effect something by means of an intermediary substance, as in complement-mediated phagocytosis. [L. mediatus, fr. medio, pp. -atus, to divide in the middle]

mediation mediation (me-de-a´shun)

The action of an intermediary substance (mediator).

mediator mediator (me´de-a-ter, -tor)

An intermediary substance or thing.
pharmacologic m.'s of anaphylaxis substances released from mast (and other) cells by the reaction of antigen and specific homocytotropic antibody on their surfaces; they include histamine, slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), bradykinin, and (in some species of animals) serotonin.

medicable medicable (med´i-ka-bl)

Treatable, with hope of a cure.

medical medical (med´i-kal)

1. Relating to medicine or the practice of medicine.medicinal (2); 2. medicinal (1) [L. medicalis, fr medicus, physician]

medical corps medical corps

The subdivision of a military organization, such as the U.S. Army, devoted to medical care of the troops.

medical transcriptionist medical transcriptionist

An individual who performs machine transcription of physician-dictated medical reports concerning a patient's health care, which become part of the patient's permanent medical record; a certified m.t. (CMT) has satisfied the requirements for certification by the American Association for Medical Transcription.

medicament medicament (me-dik´a-ment, med´i-ka-ment)

A medicine, medicinal application, or remedy. [L. medicamentum, medicine]

medicamentosus medicamentosus (med´i-ka-men-to´sus)

Relating to a drug; denoting a drug eruption. [L.]

medicate medicate (med´i-kat)

1. To treat disease by the giving of drugs. 2. To impregnate with a medicinal substance. [L. medico, pp. -atus, to heal]

medicated medicated (med´i-kat-ed)

Impregnated with a medicinal substance.

medication medication (med-i-ka´shun)

1. The act of medicating. 2. A medicinal substance, or medicament.
arrhenic m. treatment of disease by means of the organic preparations of arsenic, the cacodylates, and methylarsinates.
ionic m. iontophoresis
maintenance medication m. taken to stabilize an illness or symptoms of illness.
preanesthetic m. drugs administered prior to an anesthetic to decrease anxiety and to obtain a smoother induction of, maintenance of, and emergence from anesthesia.
sublingual m. a drug dosage form intended to be used by placement under the tongue; the drug (e.g., nitroglycerin) is absorbed from the mucosal tissues and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, where it may be partially or totally degraded.

medicator medicator (med´i-ka-ter, -tor)

1. An instrument for use in making therapeutic applications to the deeper parts of the body. 2. One who gives medicaments for the relief of disease; sometimes applied in derision to one who prescribes drugs excessively for minor ailments.

medicephalic medicephalic (me´de-se-fal´ik)

Median cephalic, denoting the communicating vessel between the median and the cephalic veins of the forearm.

medicinal medicinal (me-dis´i-nal)

1. Relating to medicine having curative properties.medical (2); 2. medical (1)

medicinal scarlet red medicinal scarlet red

scarlet red

medicine medicine (med´i-sin)

1. A drug. 2. The art of preventing or curing disease; the science concerned with disease in all its relations. 3. The study and treatment of general diseases or those affecting the internal parts of the body, especially those not usually requiring surgical intervention. [L. medicina, fr. medicus, physician (see medicus)]
adolescent m. the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of youth in the approximate age range of 13 to 21 years.hebiatrics;
aerospace m. a branch of m. combining the areas of concern of both aviation and space m.
alternative m. a term used by practitioners of Western, clinical m. to refer to a range of approaches to health and disease, some quite ancient and widely practiced. The category is broad, and encompasses bodies of knowledge that may be founded upon anatomical observation, possession of an effective pharmacopeia, and some form of clinical practice; and which may advance self-consistent explanations for the causation and cure of disease, whether physically or supernaturally based. Alternative m. also comprises approaches with limited known effectiveness. Examples of alternative practices include acupuncture and acupressure, homeopathy, osteopathy, chiropractic, massage, meditation, imaging, relaxation techniques, biofeedback, hypnosis, exercise, life style diets, megavitamin therapy, pulse diagnosis, tongue diagnosis, iridology, rolfing, faith healing, and prayer.
aviation m. the study and practice of m. as it applies to physiologic problems peculiar to aviation.aeromedicine;
behavioral m. an interdisciplinary field concerned with the development and integration of behavioral and biomedical science knowledge and techniques relevant to health and illness, and to its application to prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation.
clinical m. the study and practice of m. in relation to the care of patients; the art of m. as distinguished from laboratory science.
community m. the study of health and disease in a defined community; the practice of m. in such a setting.
comparative m. a field of study concentrating on similarities and differences between veterinary m. and human m.
defensive m. diagnostic or therapeutic measures conducted primarily as a safeguard against possible subsequent malpractice liability.
desmoteric m. the branch of medical practice that deals with health problems occurring among prison inmates. [G. desmoterion, prison, fr. deo, to bind, + -ic]
experimental m. the scientific investigation of medical problems by experimentation upon animals or by clinical research.
family m. the medical specialty concerned with providing continuous, comprehensive care to all age groups, from first patient contact to terminal care, with special emphasis on care of the family as a unit.
fetal m. study of the growth, development, care, and treatment of the fetus, and of environmental factors harmful to the fetus.fetology;
folk m. treatment of ailments outside of organized medicine by remedies and simple measures based upon experience and knowledge handed on from generation to generation.
forensic m. 1. the relation and application of medical facts to legal matters; 2. the law in its bearing on the practice of medicine.legal m., medical jurisprudence;
geriatric m. a specialty of m. that is concerned with the disease and health problems of older people, usually those over 65 years of age. Considered a subspecialty of internal medicine.
holistic m. an approach to medical care that emphasizes the study of all aspects of a person's health, especially that a person should be considered as a unit, including psychological as well as social and economic influences on health status.
hyperbaric m. the medicinal use of high barometric pressure, usually in specially constructed chambers, to increase oxygen content of blood and tissues.
internal m. (IM) the branch of m. concerned with nonsurgical diseases in adults, but not including diseases limited to the skin or to the nervous system.
legal m. forensic m
military m. the practice of m. as applied to the special circumstances associated with military life.
neonatal m. neonatology
nuclear m. the clinical discipline concerned with the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of radionuclides, excluding the therapeutic use of sealed radiation sources.Nuclear medicine in the 1980s pioneered treatment of cancers with radioactively conjugated monoclonal antibodies, which carry cytotoxic doses of radiation directly to target cells, which the antibodies are designed to bind to. Yoked to MoAbs or to DNA probes, radionuclides also serve as assays, to identify gene sequences or signal the presence of given types of cells. Certain imaging procedures, including PET scanning, employ radionuclides to provide real-time visuals of biochemical processes. One device, a nuclear imaging machine, employs a scintillation camera, which can rotate around the body to pick up radiation emitted by an injected substance (e.g., radioactive iodine, which localizes in the thyroid, or radioactive thallium, which localizes in the heart). Through computerization, a digitized image of a particular organ is produced.
osteopathic m. osteopathy (2)
patent m. a m., usually originally patented, advertised to the public.
perinatal m. perinatology
physical m. the study and treatment of disease mainly by mechanical and other physical methods.physiatry;
podiatric m. podiatry
preventive m. the branch of medical science concerned with the prevention of disease and with promotion of physical and mental health, through study of the etiology and epidemiology of disease processes.
proprietary m. a medicinal compound the formula and mode of manufacture of which are the property of the maker.
psychosomatic m. the study and treatment of diseases, disorders, or abnormal states in which psychological processes resulting in physiological reactions are believed to play a prominent role.
quack m. a compound advertised falsely as curative of a certain disease or diseases.
social m. a specialized field of medical knowledge concentrating on the social, cultural and economic impact of medical phenomena.
socialized m. the organization and control of medical practice by a government agency, the practitioners being employed by the organization from which they receive standardized compensation for their services, and to which the public contributes usually in the form of taxation rather than fee-for-service.
space m. the field of m. concerned with physiologic diseases or disturbances resulting from the unique conditions of space travel.
sports m. a field of m. that uses a holistic, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary approach to health care for those engaged in a sporting or recreational activity.The American College of Sports Medicine identifies ancient roots for the approach. The Indian Ayur-Veda, dating to 800 bc, prescribes exercise and massage for rheumatism, and the Greek historian Herodotus (ca. 480 bc) commented on the therapeutic benefits of physical exertion. Galen (ca. 130-201 ad) thought exercise in moderation guarded against disease. The field has burgeoned with the worldwide rise in organized sports and individual exercise, which began in the 1950s. It now embraces attempts to refine understanding of human kinesiology, to detail the physiology of exercise, and to determine the powers of exercise in preventing or reversing disease.
tropical m. the branch of m. concerned with diseases, mainly of parasitic origin, in areas having a tropical climate.
veterinary m. the field concerned with the diseases and health of all animal species other than humans.

medico- medico-

Medical. Cf. iatro-. [L. medicus, physician]

medicobiologic medicobiologic , medicobiological (med´i-ko-bI-o-loj´ik, -loj´i-kal)

Pertaining to the biologic aspects of medicine.

medicochirurgical medicochirurgical (med´i-ko-kI-rur´ji-kal)

Relating to both medicine and surgery, or to both physicians and surgeons. [medico- G. cheirourgia, surgery]

medicolegal medicolegal (med´i-ko-le´gal)

Relating to both medicine and the law. See also forensic medicine. [medico- + L. legalis, legal]

medicomechanical medicomechanical (med´i-ko-me-kan´i-kal)

Relating to both medicinal and mechanical measures in therapeutics.

medicophysical medicophysical (med´i-ko-fiz´i-kal)

Relating to disease and the condition of the body in general; e.g., a m. examination, in which a person is examined in order to determine the presence or absence of disease as well as to note the general physical condition.

medicopsychology medicopsychology (med´i-ko-sI-kol´o-je)

Psychology in its relation to medicine. See medical psychology, health psychology.

medio- medio- , medi-

Middle, median. [L. medius]

mediocarpal mediocarpal (me´de-o-kar´pal)

midcarpalmidcarpal (1);

medioccipital medioccipital (me´de-ok-sip´i-tal)

midoccipital

mediodens mediodens (me´de-o-dens)

A supernumerary tooth located between the two maxillary central incisors. [medio- + L. dens, tooth]

mediodorsal mediodorsal (me´de-o-dor´sal)

Relating to the median plane and the dorsal plane.

mediolateral mediolateral (me´de-o-lat´er-al)

Relating to the median plane and a side.

medionecrosis medionecrosis (me´de-o-ne-kro´sis)

Necrosis of a tunica media.
m. of the aorta cystic medial necrosis
m. aor´tae idiopath´ica cys´tica cystic medial necrosis

mediotarsal mediotarsal (me´de-o-tar´sal)

midtarsal

mediotrusion mediotrusion (me´de-o-tru´zhun)

A thrusting of the mandibular condyle toward the midline during movement of the mandible. [medio- + L. trudo, pp. trusus, to thrust]

mediotype mediotype (me´de-o-tIp)

mesomorph

medisect medisect (me´di-sekt)

To incise in the median line. [L. medius, middle, + seco, pp. sectus, to cut]

medium medium, pl. media (me´de-um, -a)

1. A means; that through which an action is performed. 2. A substance through which impulses or impressions are transmitted. 3. culture m 4. The liquid holding a substance in solution or suspension. [L. neuter of medius, middle]
clearing m. a m. used in histology for making specimens translucent or transparent.
complete m. a m. for an in vitro culture that contains the supplemental nutrients as well as the basic nutrients to support fastidious or mutant growth requirements.
contrast m. any internally administered substance that has a different opacity from soft tissue on radiography or computed tomography; includes barium, used to opacify parts of the gastrointestinal tract; water-soluble iodinated compounds, used to opacify blood vessels or the genitourinary tract; may refer to air occurring naturally or introduced into the body; also, paramagnetic substances used in magnetic resonance imaging.contrast agent, contrast material;
culture m. a substance, either solid or liquid, used for the cultivation, isolation, identification, or storage of microorganisms.growth m., medium (3), nutrient m;
Czapek-Dox m. Czapek's solution agar
dispersion m. external phase
Dorset's culture egg m. a m. for cultivating Mycobacterium tuberculosis; it consists of the whites and yolks of four fresh eggs and a solution of sodium chloride.
Eagle's basal m. a solution of various salts containing 13 naturally occurring amino acids, several vitamins, two antibiotics, and phenol red; used as a tissue culture medium.
Eagle's minimum essential m. (MEM) a tissue culture m. similar to Eagle's basal medium but with different amounts and a few exclusions (e.g., antibiotics and phenol red).
Endo's m. Endo agar
external m. external phase
growth m. culture m
high osmolar contrast m. (HOCM) high osmolar contrast agent
Loeffler's blood culture m. a culture m. consisting of beef blood serum, sheep blood serum, and beef bouillon containing peptone, glucose, and sodium chloride; used for the isolation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Lowenstein-Jensen m. Lowenstein-Jensen culture m
Lowenstein-Jensen culture m. primary mycobacterial recovery media composed of fresh whole eggs, defined salts, glycerol, potato flour, and malachite green (as an inhibitory agent).Lowenstein-Jensen m;
motility test m. a culture m. with a concentration of agar that produces a less solid consistency than usual and allows motile organisms to grow away from the line of inoculation; used to differentiate species of bacteria.
mounting m. a substance, usually resinous, used for mounting a cover glass on histologic suspensions.
Mueller-Hinton m. an agar-based media composed of beef infusion, casamino acids, and starch useful in the isolation of gonococci and meningococci; the recommended medium for antibacterial susceptibility tests for most common aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria.
nutrient m. culture m
passive m. a m. that produces no change in the specimens placed in it.
selective m. a culture m. containing ingredients that inhibit growth of contaminants or microorganisms other than that desired.
separating m. 1. any coating which serves to prevent one surface from adhering to another; 2. in dentistry, a material usually applied to a cast to facilitate separation from the resin denture base after curing; a coating on impressions to facilitate removal of the cast.
Simmons' citrate m. a diagnostic m. used in the differentiation of species of Enterobacteriaceae, based on their ability to utilize sodium citrate as the sole source of carbon.
support m. the material in which separation takes place, as in separation of components in electrophoresis.
Thayer-Martin m. Thayer-Martin agar
transport m. a m. for transporting clinical specimens to the laboratory for examination.

medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

See acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADPH+).

medius medius (me´de-us) [NA]

middle [L.]

MEDLARS MEDLARS

Abbreviation for Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, a computerized index system of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

MEDLINE MEDLINE

[MEDLARS-on-line] A computer-based telephone linkage to MEDLARS for rapid provision of medical bibliographies.

medphalan medphalan (med´fa-lan)

d-Phenylalanine mustard; d-sarcolysine; d-3-[p-[bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]alanine;an antineoplastic agent.medfalan;

medrogestone medrogestone (med-ro-jes´ton)

6,17a-Dimethyl-4,6-pregnadiene-3,20-dione;an oral progestin.

medroxyprogesterone acetate medroxyprogesterone acetate (med-rok´se-pro-jes´ter-on)

17a-Hydroxy-6a-methylprogesterone;a progestational agent that is active orally as well as parenterally, and more potent than progesterone; used, in combination with ethynyl estradiol, as an oral contraceptive.

medrylamine medrylamine (med-ril´a-men)

2-(p-Methoxy-a-phenylbenzyloxy-N,N-dimethylethylamine;an antihistaminic.

medrysone medrysone (med´ri-son)

11beta-Hydroxy-6a-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione;a glucocorticoid used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent, usually on the eye.

medulla medulla, pl. medullae (me-dul´a, me-dul´e) [NA]

Any soft marrow-like structure, especially in the center of a part. See also m. oblongata.substantia medullaris (1); [L. marrow, fr. medius, middle]
m. of adrenal gland suprarenal m
m. glan´dulae suprarena´lis suprarenal m
m. of hair shaft the central axis of some hairs, containing a column of large vacuolated and keratinized cells; the medullary portion is surrounded by the cortex.
m. of kidney renal m
m. of lymph node the central portion of a node consisting of cordlike masses of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages in a stroma of reticular fibers separated by lymph sinuses; it reaches the surface of the node at the hilum.m. nodi lymphatici;
m. no´di lymphat´ici m. of lymph node
m. oblonga´ta [NA] the most caudal subdivision of the brainstem, immediately continuous with the spinal cord, extending from the lower border of the decussation of the pyramid to the pons; its ventral surface resembles that of the spinal cord except for the bilateral prominence of the inferior olive; the dorsal surface of its upper half forms part of the floor of the fourth ventricle. Motor nuclei of the m. oblongata include the hypoglossal nucleus, the dorsal motor nucleus, inferior salivatory nucleus, and the nucleus ambiguus; sensory nuclei include the nuclei of the posterior column (gracile and cuneate), the cochlear and vestibular nuclei, the mid and caudal portions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract. See also medulla.myelencephalon [NA], oblongata;
m. os´sium [NA] bone marrow
m. os´sium fla´va yellow bone marrow
m. os´sium ru´bra red bone marrow
renal m. the inner, darker portion of the kidney parenchyma consisting of the renal pyramids.m. renalis [NA], m. of kidney;
m. rena´lis [NA] renal m
m. spina´lis [NA] spinal cord
suprarenal m. it is composed principally of anastomosing cords of cells in the core of the gland; the cells display a chromaffin reaction because of the presence of epinephrine and norepinephrine in their granules.m. glandulae suprarenalis, m. of adrenal gland;

medullar medullar (med-yul´ar)

medullary

medullary medullary (med´u-lar-e, me-dul´er-e, med´yu-lar-e)

Relating to the medulla or marrow.medullar;

medullated medullated (med´u-la-ted, med´yu-)

1. Having a medulla or medullary substance. 2. myelinated

medullation medullation (med´u-la´shun, med´yu-)

1. Acquiring, or the act of formation of, marrow or medulla. 2. myelination

medullectomy medullectomy (med-u-lek´to-me, med-yu-)

Excision of any medullary substance. [medulla + G. ektome, excision]

medullization medullization (med´u-li-za´shun, med´yu-)

Enlargement of the medullary spaces in rarefying osteitis.

medullo- medullo-

Medulla. Cf. myel-. [L. medulla]

medulloarthritis medulloarthritis (med-u-lo-ar-thrI´tis)

Inflammation of the cancellous articular extremity of a long bone.

medulloblastoma medulloblastoma (med´u-lo-blas-to´ma)

A tumor consisting of neoplastic cells that resemble the undifferentiated cells of the primitive medullary tube; m.'s are usually located in the vermis of the cerebellum, and may be implanted discretely or coalescently on the surfaces of the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord; they comprise approximately 3% of all intracranial neoplasms, and occur most frequently in children; the neoplastic cells are compactly arranged, rounded or ovoid, with hyperchromatic nuclei and relatively scant cytoplasm, and lie in small and poorly defined groups, or, occasionally, in a pseudorosette pattern (Homer Wright rosette). A type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor.
desmoplastic m. subtype of m. with a biphasic pattern of compact sheets of undifferentiated cells alternating with islands of more loosely cohesive cells, generally occurs in adolescence and young adults and has a better prognosis than the usual m.
melanotic m. a rare variant of m. in which melanin-pigmented cells are present.

medullocell medullocell (med´u-lo-sel, med´yu-)

myelocyte (2)

medulloepithelioma medulloepithelioma (me´du-lo-ep´I-the-le-o´ma)

A rare, primitive, rapidly growing intracranial neoplasm thought to originate from the cells of the embryonic medullary canal and hence included with ependymoblastomas by some neuropathologists; ganglion cells and astrocyte maturation has also been reported. Tumors that occur in the ciliary body are referred to as embryonal m.'s. [medullo- + epithelium + -oma, tumor]
adult m. malignant ciliary epithelioma
embryonal m. an epitheliomatous tumor of the nonpigmented layer of the ciliary epithelium.embryonal tumor of ciliary body;

medullomyoblastoma medullomyoblastoma (med´u-lo-mI´o-blas-to´ma)

A rare histologic variant of medulloblastoma with scattered smooth and striated muscle cells incorporated into the neoplasm.

Meeh Meeh

K., 19th century German physiologist. See M. formula; M.-Dubois formula.

Mees Mees

R.A., 20th century Dutch physician. See M.'s lines, under line, stripes, under stripe.

Mees' lines Mees' lines

See under line.

Meesman Meesman

A., German ophthalmologist, 1888-1969. See M. dystrophy.

Mees' stripes Mees' stripes

See under stripe.

mefenamic acid mefenamic acid (me-fe-nam´ik)

N-(2,3-Xylyl)anthranilic acid;an aspirin-like analgesic with anti-inflammatory properties.

mefenorex hydrochloride mefenorex hydrochloride (me-fen´o-reks)

N-(3-Chloropropyl)-a- methylphenethylamine hydrochloride;a sympathomimetic drug with anorexic activity.

mefexamide mefexamide (me-fek´a-mId)

N-[2-Diethylamino)ethyl]-2- (p-methoxyphenoxy)acetamide;an antidepressant.

mefloquine mefloquine (mef´lo-kwin)

An antimalarial resembling quinine and chloroquine.

MEG MEG

Abbreviation for magnetoencephalogram.

mega- mega-

1. Combining form meaning large, oversize; opposite of micro-. See also macro-, megalo-. 2. (M) Prefix used in the SI and metric systems to signify one million (10⁶). [G. megas, big]

megabacterium megabacterium (meg´a-bak-ter´e-um)

A bacterium of unusually large size.macrobacterium;

megacalycosis megacalycosis (meg´a-kal-I-ko-sis)

1. Congenital, nonobstructive enlargement of renal calices. 2. Excessively large number of calices. [mega- + G. kalyx, cup of a flower, + -osis, condition]

megacardia megacardia (meg-a-kar´de-a)

cardiomegaly

megacaryoblast megacaryoblast (meg-a-kar´e-o-blast)

megakaryoblast

megacaryocyte megacaryocyte (meg-a-kar´e-o-sIt)

megakaryocyte

megacephalia megacephalia (meg-a-se-fa´le-a)

megacephaly

megacephalic megacephalic (meg´a-se-fal´ik)

Relating to or characterized by megacephaly.macrocephalic, macrocephalous, megacephalous;

megacephalous megacephalous (meg-a-sef´a-lus)

megacephalic

megacephaly megacephaly (meg-a-sef´a-le)

A condition, either congenital or acquired, in which the head is abnormally large; usually applied to an adult skull with a capacity of over 1450 ml.leontiasis ossea, macrocephaly, macrocephalia, megacephalia, megalocephaly, megalocephalia, Virchow's disease; [mega- + G. kephale, head]

megacins megacins (meg´a-sinz)

Antibacterial proteins produced by strains of Bacillus megaterium.

megacoccus megacoccus, pl. megacocci (meg´a-kok´us, -kok´sI)

A coccus of unusually large size.macrococcus;

megacolon megacolon (meg´a-ko´lon)

A condition of extreme dilation and hypertrophy of the colon.giant colon;
acquired m. m. occurring on the basis of an acquired disease; occurs in inflammatory bowel disease (toxic m.) and Chagas' disease (South American trypanosomiasis).
congenital m. , m. congen´itum congenital dilation and hypertrophy of the colon due to absence (aganglionosis) or marked reduction (hypoganglionosis) in the number of ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus of the rectum and a varying but continuous length of gut above the rectum; also seen in dogs.Hirschsprung's disease;
idiopathic m. an acquired m., found in children and adults, without distal obstruction or absence of ganglion cells; the muscle of the dilated colon is thin.
toxic m. acute nonobstructive dilation of the colon, seen in fulminating ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

megacycle megacycle (meg´a-sI-kl)

One million cycles per second.

megacystis megacystis (meg´a-sis-tis)

Pathologically large bladder in children.megalocystis; [mega- + kystis, bladder]

megadactyly megadactyly , megadactylia , megadactylism (meg-a-dak´ti-le, -dak-til´e-a -dak´til-izm)

Condition characterized by enlargement of one or more digits (fingers or toes).dactylomegaly, macrodactylia, macrodactylism, macrodactyly, megalodactylia, megalodactylism, megalodactyly; [mega- + G. daktylos, digit]

megadolichocolon megadolichocolon (meg´a-dol´i-ko-ko´lon)

Excessive length and dilation of colon. [mega- + G. dolichos, long, + kolon, colon]

megadont megadont (meg´a-dont)

macrodont [mega- + G. odous (odont-), tooth]

megadontism megadontism (meg-a-don´tizm)

macrodontia

megadyne megadyne (meg´a-dIn)

One million dynes.

megaesophagus megaesophagus (meg´a-e-sof´a-gus, meg´a-e-sof´)

Great enlargement of the lower portion of the esophagus, as seen in patients with achalasia and Chagas' disease.

megagamete megagamete (meg-a-gam´et)

macrogamete

megagnathia megagnathia (meg-a-na´the-a)

macrognathia

megahertz (MHz) megahertz (MHz) (meg´a-hertz)

One million hertz.

megakaryoblast megakaryoblast (meg-a-kar´e-o-blast)

The precursor of a megakaryocyte.megacaryoblast;

megakaryocyte megakaryocyte (meg-a-kar´e-o-sIt)

A large cell (as much as 100 mum in diameter) with a polyploid nucleus that is usually multilobed; m.'s are normally present in bone marrow, not in the circulating blood, and give rise to blood platelets.megacaryocyte, megalokaryocyte, thromboblast; [mega- + G. karyon, nut (nucleus), + kytos, hollow vessel (cell)]

megal- megal-

See megalo-.

megalecithal megalecithal (meg-a-les´i-thal)

Denoting an egg rich in yolk, as in bony fishes, reptiles, and birds. [mega- + G. lekithos, yolk]

megalgia megalgia (meg-al´je-a)

Very severe pain. [mega- + G. algos, pain]

megalo- megalo- , megal-

Large; opposite of micro-. See also macro-, mega-. [G. megas (megal-)]

megaloblast megaloblast (meg´a-lo-blast)

A large, nucleated, embryonic type of cell that is a precursor of erythrocytes in an abnormal erythropoietic process observed in pernicious anemia; a m.'s four stages of development are as follows: 1) promegaloblast, 2) basophilic m., 3) polychromatic m., 4) orthochromatic m. See also erythroblast. [megalo- + G. blastos, + germ, sprout]

megalocardia megalocardia (meg´a-lo-kar´de-a)

cardiomegaly [megalo- + G. kardia, heart]

megalocephaly megalocephaly , megalocephalia (meg´a-lo-sef´a-le, -se-fa´le-a)

megacephaly

megalocheiria megalocheiria , megalochiria (meg´a-lo-kI´re-a)

macrocheiria [megalo- + G. cheir, hand]

megalocornea megalocornea (meg´a-lo-kor´ne-a)

keratoglobus

megalocystis megalocystis (meg´a-lo-sis´tis)

megacystis [megalo- + G. kystis, bladder]

megalocyte megalocyte (meg´a-lo-sIt)

A large (10 to 20 mum) nonnucleated red blood cell. [megalo- + G. kytos, cell]

megalocythemia megalocythemia (meg´a-lo-sI-the´me-a)

macrocythemia

megalocytosis megalocytosis (meg´a-lo-sI-to´sis)

macrocythemia

megalodactylia megalodactylia , megalodactylism , megalodactyly (meg´a-lo-dak-til´e-a, -dak´til-izm, -dak´ti-le)

megadactyly

megalodont megalodont (meg´a-lo-dont)

macrodont

megalodontia megalodontia (meg´a-lo-don´she-a)

macrodontia

megaloencephalic megaloencephalic (meg´a-lo-en´se-fal´ik)

Denoting an abnormally large brain.

megaloencephalon megaloencephalon (meg´a-lo-en-sef´a-lon)

An abnormally large brain.macroencephalon; [megalo- + G. enkephalos, brain]

megaloencephaly megaloencephaly (meg´a-lo-en-sef´a-le)

Abnormal largeness of the brain. [megalo- + G. enkephalon, brain]

megaloenteron megaloenteron (meg´a-lo-en´ter-on)

Abnormal largeness of the intestine.enteromegaly, enteromegalia; [megalo- + G. enteron, intestine]

megalogastria megalogastria (meg´a-lo-gas´tre-a)

Abnormally large size of the stomach.macrogastria; [megalo- + G. gaster, stomach]

megaloglossia megaloglossia (meg´a-lo-glos´se-a)

macroglossia [megalo- + G. glossa, tongue]

megalographia megalographia (meg´a-lo-graf´e-a)

macrography

megalohepatia megalohepatia (meg´a-lo-he-pat´e-a)

hepatomegaly

megalokaryocyte megalokaryocyte (meg´a-lo-kar´e-o-sIt)

megakaryocyte

megalomania megalomania (meg´a-lo-ma´ne-a)

A type of delusion in which the individual considers himself or herself possessed of greatness. He/she believes him/herself to be Christ, God, Napoleon, etc., or everyone and everything, including a lawyer, physician, clergyman, merchant, prince, ace athlete in all divisions of sport, etc. 2. Morbid verbalized overevaluation of oneself or of some aspect of oneself. [megalo- + G. mania, frenzy]

megalomaniac megalomaniac (meg´a-lo-ma´ne-ak)

A person exhibiting megalomania.

megalomelia megalomelia (meg´a-lo-me´le-a)

macromelia

megalonychosis megalonychosis (meg´a-lon-i-ko´sis)

macronychia [megalo- + G. onyx, nail, -osis, condition]

megalophthalmos megalophthalmos (meg´a-lof-thal´mus)

Congenital large globe.macrophthalmia, megophthalmus; [megalo- + G. ophthalmos, eye]
anterior m. keratoglobus

megalopia megalopia (meg-a-lo´pe-a)

macropsia

megalopodia megalopodia (meg´a-lo-po´de-a)

macropodia [megalo- + G. pous, foot]

megalopsia megalopsia (meg-a-lop´se-a)

macropsia

megalosplanchnic megalosplanchnic (meg´a-lo-splangk´nik)

Having abnormally large viscera.macrosplanchnic; [megalo- + G. splanchnon, viscus]

megalosplenia megalosplenia (meg´a-lo-sple´ne-a)

splenomegaly

megalospore megalospore (meg´a-lo-spor)

macrospore

megalosyndactyly megalosyndactyly , megalosyndactylia (meg´a-lo-sin-dak´ti-le, -dak-til´e-a)

Condition of webbed or fused fingers or toes of large size. [megalo- + G. syn, together, + daktylos, finger]

megaloureter megaloureter (meg´a-lo-yu-re´ter)

An enlarged, dilated ureter.megaureter;

megalourethra megalourethra (meg´a-lo-yu-re´thra)

Congenital dilation of the urethra.

-megaly -megaly

Large. [G. megas (megal-)]

megamerozoite megamerozoite (meg´a-mer-o-zo´It)

macromerozoite

meganucleus meganucleus (meg-a-nu´kle-us)

macronucleus (1)

megaprosopia megaprosopia (meg´a-pro-so´pe-a)

macroprosopia [mega- + G. prosopon, face]

megaprosopous megaprosopous (meg-a-pros´o-pus)

macroprosopous

megarectum megarectum (meg-a-rek´tum)

Extreme dilation of the rectum.

megaseme megaseme (meg´a-sem)

Denoting an orbital aperture with an index above 89. [mega- + G. sema, sign]

megasigmoid megasigmoid (meg-a-sig´moyd)

macrosigmoid

megasomia megasomia (meg-a-so´me-a)

macrosomia

megaspore megaspore (meg´a-spor)

macrospore

megathrombocyte megathrombocyte (meg-a-throm´bo-sIt)

A large blood platelet, especially a young one recently released from the bone marrow. [mega- + G. thrombos, clot, + kytos, cell]

megaureter megaureter (meg´a-yu-re´ter)

megaloureter
primary m. independent ureteral dilation; may be nonobstructive or related to congenital distal ureteral obstruction.
secondary m. hydroureter secondary to vesicoureteral reflux or distal obstruction.

megavolt megavolt (meg´a-volt)

One million volts.

megavoltage megavoltage (meg´a-vol´tij)

In radiation therapy, a term for voltage above one million volts.

megestrol acetate megestrol acetate (me-jes´trol)

17a-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione acetate;a synthetic progestin with progestational effects similar to those of progesterone; used in threatened and habitual abortion, endometriosis, and menstrual disorders; claimed to be superior to 19-nor compounds as an antifertility agent because it has less effect on the endometrium and vagina; in combination with ethynyl estradiol, it acts as an oral contraceptive.

meglumine meglumine (meg´lu-men)

USAN-approved contraction for N-methylglucamine.
m. acetrizoate a radiographic contrast medium. See acetrizoate sodium.
m. diatrizoate N-methylglucamine salt of 3,5-diacetamido-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid;a water-soluble organic iodine compound used for excretory urography, for contrast visualization of the cardiovascular system, and orally for opacification of the gastrointestinal tract.methylglucamine diatrizoate;
m. iothalamate N-methylglucamine salt of iothalamic acid (60% solution); a diagnostic radiopaque medium for intravascular use in angiography and urography.

megohm megohm (meg´om)

One million ohms.

megophthalmus megophthalmus (meg-of-thal´mus)

megalophthalmos

megoxycyte megoxycyte (meg-oks´e-sIt)

megoxyphil

megoxyphil megoxyphil , megoxyphile (meg-oks´e-fil, fIl)

An eosinophilic leukocyte containing coarse granules.megoxycyte; [mega- + G. oxys, acid, + phileo, to like]

megrim megrim (me´grim)

Obsolete term for migraine.

Meibom Meibom , Meibomius

Hendrik (Heinrich), German anatomist, 1638-1700. See meibomian conjunctivitis, meibomian cyst, meibomian glands, under gland, meibomian sty.

meibomian meibomian (mI-bo´me-an)

Attributed to or described by Meibom.

meibomitis meibomitis , meibomianitis (mI´bo-mI´tis, mI-bo´me-a-nI´tis)

Inflammation of the meibomian glands.

Meier Meier

Georg, German serologist, *1875. See Porges-M. test.

Meige Meige

Henri, French physician, 1866-1940. See M.'s disease.

Meigs Meigs

Joe V., U.S. gynecologist, 1892-1963. See M.'s syndrome.

Meinicke Meinicke

Ernst, German physician, 1878-1945. See M. test.

meio- meio-

For words beginning thus and not found here, see mio-.

meiosis meiosis (mI-o´sis)

A special process of cell division comprising two nuclear divisions in rapid succession that result in four gametocytes, each containing half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells.meiotic division; [G. meiosis, a lessening]

meiotic meiotic (mI-ot´ik)

Pertaining to meiosis.

Meissel Meissel

See Wachstein-Meissel stain for calcium-magnesium-ATPase.

Meissner Meissner

Georg, German histologist, 1829-1905. See M.'s corpuscle, plexus.

mel mel

1. honey 2. Unit of pitch; a pitch of 1000 mels results from a simple tone of frequency 1000 Hz, 40 dB above the normal threshold of audibility.

mel- mel- , melo-

1. Limb. [G. melos] 2. A cheek. [G. melon] 3. Honey, sugar. See also meli-. [L. mel, mellis, G. meli, melitos] 4. Sheep. [G. melon]

melagra melagra (me-lag´ra)

Rheumatic or myalgic pains in the arms or legs. [G. melos, limb, + agra, seizure]

melalgia melalgia (me-lal´je-a)

Pain in a limb; specifically, burning pain in the feet extending up the leg and even to the thigh. [G. melos, a limb, + algos, pain]

melamine formaldehyde melamine formaldehyde (mel´a-men)

melamine resin

melan- melan- , melano-

Black, extreme darkness of hue. [G. melas]

melancholia melancholia (mel-an-ko´le-a)

1. A severe form of depression marked by anhedonia, insomnia, psychomotor changes, and guilt. 2. A symptom occurring in other conditions, marked by depression of spirits and by a sluggish and painful process of thought.melancholy; [melan- + G. chole, bile. See humoral doctrine]
hypochondriacal m. m. with many associated physical complaints, often with little basis in fact.
involutional m. a depressive disorder of middle life, commonly associated with the climacteric.

melancholic melancholic (mel-an-kol´ik)

1. Relating to or characteristic of melancholia. 2. Formerly, denoting a temperament characterized by irritability and a pessimistic outlook. 3. A person who is exhibiting melancholia.

melancholy melancholy (mel´an-kol-e)

melancholia

melanedema melanedema (mel´an-e-de´ma)

anthracosis [melan- + G. oidema, swelling]

melanemia melanemia (mel-a-ne´me-a)

The presence of dark brown, almost black, or black granules of insoluble pigment (melanin) in the circulating blood. [melan- + G. haima, blood]

melanidrosis melanidrosis (mel´an-i-dro´sis)

See chromhidrosis, pseudochromidrosis.

melaniferous melaniferous (mel-a-nif´er-us)

Containing melanin or other black pigment. [melan- (melanin) + L. ferro, to carry]

melanin melanin (mel´a-nin)

Any of the dark brown to black polymers of indole 5,6-quinone and/or 5,6-dihydroxyindole 2-carboxylic acid that normally occur in the skin, hair, pigmented coat of the retina, and inconstantly in the medulla and zona reticularis of the adrenal gland. M. may be formed in vitro or biologically by oxidation of l-tyrosine or l-tryptophan, the usual mechanism being the enzymatic oxidation of l-tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (dopa) and dopaquinone by monophenol monooxygenase, and the further oxidation (probably spontaneous) of this intermediate to m. Cf. eumelanin, pheomelanin. melanotic pigment; [G. melas (melan-), black]
artificial m. , factitious m. melanoid

melanism melanism (mel´a-nizm)

Unusually marked, diffuse, melanin pigmentation of body hair and skin (usually not affecting the iris). See also melanosis.

melano- melano-

See melan-.

melanoacanthoma melanoacanthoma (mel´a-no-ak-an-tho´ma)

A seborrheic keratosis with melanin pigmentation associated with proliferation of intraepidermal melanocytes. [melano- + G. akantha, thorn, + suffix -oma, tumor]

melanoameloblastoma melanoameloblastoma (mel´a-no-am´e-lo-blas-to´ma)

melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy [melano- + ameloblastoma]

melanoblast melanoblast (mel´a-no-blast)

A cell derived from the neural crest; it migrates to various parts of the body early in embryonic life, and then becomes a mature melanocyte capable of forming melanin. [melano- + G. blastos, germ, sprout]

melanoblastoma melanoblastoma (mel´a-no-blas-to´ma)

Obsolete term for melanoma. [melano- + G. blastos, germ, sprout, + -oma, tumor]

melanocarcinoma melanocarcinoma (mel´a-no-kar-si-no´ma)

Obsolete term for melanoma.

melanocomous melanocomous (mel-a-nok´o-mus)

melanotrichous [melano- + G. kome, hair of the head]

melanocyte melanocyte (mel´a-no-sIt)

A pigment-producing cell located in the basal layer of the epidermis with branching processes by means of which melanosomes are transferred to epidermal cells, resulting in pigmentation of the epidermis.melanodendrocyte, pigment cell of skin; [melano- + G. kytos, cell]

melanocytoma melanocytoma (mel´a-no-sI-to´ma)

1. A pigmented tumor of the uveal stroma. 2. Usually benign melanoma of the optic disk, appearing in markedly pigmented individuals as a small deeply pigmented tumor at the edge of the disk, sometimes extending into the retina and choroid; malignant metaplasia is rare. [megalo- + cyto- + G. -oma; tumor]

melanodendrocyte melanodendrocyte (mel´a-no-den´dro-sIt)

melanocyte [melano- + G. dendron, tree, + kytos, a hollow (cell)]

melanoderma melanoderma (mel´a-no-der´ma)

1. An abnormal darkening of the skin by deposition of excess melanin. 2. Hyperpigmentation of the skin by melanin or deposition of dark metallic substances such as silver and iron. [melano- + G. derma, skin]
m. cachectico´rum m. of the cachectic, occurring in certain chronic diseases, such as malaria and tuberculosis.
m. chloas´ma melasma
parasitic m. excoriations and m. caused by scratching the bites of the body louse, Pediculus corporis.Greenhow's disease, vagabond's disease, vagrant's disease;
racial m. the normally dark skin of blacks and certain other races.
senile m. cutaneous pigmentation occurring in the aged.melasma universale;

melanodermatitis melanodermatitis (mel´a-no-der-ma-tI´tis)

Excessive deposit of melanin in an area of dermatitis.

melanodermic melanodermic (mel´a-no-der´mik)

Relating to or marked by melanoderma.

melanogen melanogen (me-lan´o-jen, mel´a-no-jen)

A colorless substance that may be converted into melanin; e.g., some patients with widespread metastases of melanoma excrete m. in their urine, and melanin is formed when the urine is exposed to air (i.e., oxidized) for a few hours. [melanin + G. -gen, producing]

melanogenemia melanogenemia (mel´a-no-je-ne´me-a)

The presence of melanin precursors in the blood; may occur in malignant melanoma with metastasis. [melanogen + G. haima, blood]

melanogenesis melanogenesis (mel´a-no-jen´e-sis)

Formation of melanin. [melanin + G. genesis, production]

melanoglossia melanoglossia (mel´a-no-glos´e-a)

black tongue [melano- + G. glossa, tongue]

melanoid melanoid (mel´a-noyd)

A dark pigment, resembling melanin, formed from glucosamines in chitin.artificial melanin, factitious melanin;

melanokeratosis melanokeratosis (mel´a-no-ker-a-to´sis)

Migration of conjunctival melanoblasts into the cornea. [melano- + kerato- + G. -osis, condition]

melanoleukoderma melanoleukoderma (mel´a-no-lu-ko-der´ma)

Marbled, or marmorated, skin. [melano- + G. leukos, white, + derma, skin]
m. col´li syphilitic leukoderma

melanoliberin melanoliberin (mel´a-no-lib´er-in)

A hexapeptide similar to oxytocin; it stimulates the release of melanotropin.melanotropin-releasing factor, melanotropin-releasing hormone; [melanotropin + L. libero, to free, + -in]

melanoma melanoma (mel´a-no´ma)

A malignant neoplasm, derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, arising most commonly in the skin of any part of the body, or in the eye, and, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites; occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or lentigo maligna. In the early phases, the cutaneous form is characterized by proliferation of cells at the dermal-epidermal junction which soon invade adjacent tissues. The cells vary in amount and pigmentation of cytoplasm; the nuclei are relatively large and frequently bizarre in shape, with prominent acidophilic nucleoli; and mitotic figures tend to be numerous. M.'s frequently metastasize widely; regional lymph nodes, skin, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved.malignant m; [melano- + G. -oma, tumor] In January 1985, the Environmental Protection Agency predicted that depletion of the Earth's ozone layer, which guards against ultraviolet radiation from space, would cause an increase in the number of skin cancer cases worldwide, including melanomas. The EPA estimated an annual increase of 2 million cases by the year 2050, when the ozone layer was expected to be diminished by 10% because of human activities, primarily the release of long-lived chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere (now banned in most developed countries). Public health efforts have focussed on encouraging people to use sunscreen, avoid outdoor activities during peak exposure times, perform frequent self-checks of the skin, and visit dermatologists when irregularities are noted. Exposure to higher levels of ultraviolet radiation may also promote cataracts and immune system dysfunction.
acral lentiginous m. a form of malignant lentigo m. that occurs in acral areas not excessively exposed to sunlight and where hair follicles are absent.
amelanotic m. an anaplastic m. consisting of cells derived from melanocytes but not forming melanin.
benign juvenile m. Spitz nevus
Cloudman m. a transplantable m. that arose spontaneously in a mouse of DBA strain, and which grows and metastasizes in mice of related strains.
desmoplastic malignant m. (dez-mo-plas-mik) a m. with marked fibrosis surrounding atypical spindle-shaped melanocytes in the dermis.
halo m. a rare condition in which a m. is surrounded by an irregular area of depigmentation.
Harding-Passey m. a melanin-forming tumor that arose spontaneously in a non-inbred mouse, and that is transplantable to mice of many strains but does not ordinarily metastasize.
malignant m. melanoma
malignant lentigo m. a m. arising from a malignant lentigo.
malignant m. in situ a m. limited to the epidermis and composed of nests of atypical melanocytes and scattered single cells extending into the upper epidermis; local excision is curative although the lesion, if untreated, may soon invade the dermis. Malignant lentigo may be considered a slowly progressive type of malignant m. in situ.
minimal deviation m. a malignant m. showing less cytologic atypia than is usual in m. cells showing asymmetric expansile invasion of the dermis.
nodular m. primary cutaneous m. characterized by dermal invasion extending to the lateral margins of epidermal involvement or ulceration.
subungual m. a m. beginning in the skin at the border of or beneath the nail.melanotic whitlow;
superficial spreading m. primary cutaneous m. characterized by intraepidermal growth extending laterally beyond the site of dermal invasion.

melanomatosis melanomatosis (mel´a-no-ma-to´sis)

A condition characterized by numerous, widespread lesions of melanoma. [melanoma + G. -osis, condition]

melanonychia melanonychia (mel´a-no-nik´e-a)

Black pigmentation of the nails. [melano- + G. onyx (onych-), nail]

melanopathy melanopathy (mel´a-nop´a-the)

Any disease marked by abnormal pigmentation of the skin. [melano- + G. pathos, suffering]

melanophage melanophage (mel´a-no-faj, me-lan´o-faj)

A histiocyte that has phagocytized melanin. [melano- + G. phagein, to eat]

melanophore melanophore (mel´a-no-for, me-lan´o-for)

A dermal pigment cell that does not secrete its pigment granules but participates in rapid color changes by intracellular aggregation and dispersal of melanosomes; it is well developed in fish, amphibians, and reptiles, but absent in humans. [melano- + G. phoros, bearing]

melanoplakia melanoplakia (mel´a-no-pla´ke-a)

The occurrence of pigmented patches on the tongue and buccal mucous membrane. [melano- + G. plax, plate, plaque]

melanoprotein melanoprotein (mel´a-no-pro´ten)

A protein complex containing melanin.

melanorrhagia melanorrhagia (mel´a-no-ra´je-a)

melena [melano- + G. rhegnymi, to burst forth]

melanorrhea melanorrhea (mel´a-no-re´a)

melena [melano- + G. rhoia, a flow]

melanosis melanosis (mel-a-no´sis)

Abnormal dark brown or brown-black pigmentation of various tissues or organs, as the result of melanin or, in some situations, other substances that resemble melanin to varying degrees; e.g., m. of the skin may occur in widespread metastatic melanoma, sunburn, during pregnancy, and as a result of various diseases, infections, and other neoplasms. [melano- + G. -osis, condition]
m. circumscrip´ta precancero´sa obsolete term for lentigo maligna.
m. co´li m. of the large intestinal mucosa due to accumulation of pigment of uncertain composition within macrophages in the lamina propria.
m. cori´i degenerati´va a congenital abnormality in which pigment is deposited in whorls and streaks; vesicles occasionally occur, and it may be associated with cardiac or neurologic disorders. Cf. incontinentia pigmenti, incontinentia pigmenti achromians.
neurocutaneous m. cutaneous giant pigmented nevi associated with m. of the leptomeninges; malignant melanomas may develop in the skin or meninges.
oculodermal m. pigmentation of the conjunctiva and skin around the eye, usually unilateral; seen especially in women of Oriental races.Ota's nevus;
precancerous m. of Dubreuilh obsolete term for lentigo maligna.
Riehl's m. a brown pigmentary condition of the exposed portions of the skin of the neck and face with melanin pigment in dermal macrophages, thought to result from photodermatitis due to materials, such as cosmetic ingredients, or oils encountered in various occupations.

melanosity melanosity (mel-a-nos´i-te)

Darkness of complexion.

melanosome melanosome (mel´a-no-som)

The generally oval pigment granule (0.2 by 0.6 mum) produced by melanocytes.eumelanosome; [melano- + G. soma, body]
giant m. a large spherical m. (1 to 6 mu in diameter) formed in the cytoplasm of melanocytes in café-au-lait spots and other melanocytic disorders.macromelanosome;

melanostatin melanostatin

Inhibits synthesis and release of melanotropin.melanotropin release-inhibiting hormone; [melanotropin + G. states, stationary, + -in]

melanotic melanotic (mel´a-not´ik)

1. Pertaining to the presence, normal or pathologic, of melanin. 2. Relating to or characterized by melanosis.

melanotonin melanotonin (mel´a-no-to-nin)

See melatonin.

melanotrichous melanotrichous (mel-a-not´ri-kus)

Having black hair.melanocomous; [melano- + G. thrix (trich-), hair]

melanotroph melanotroph (mel´a-no-trof)

A cell of the intermediate lobe of the hypophysis that produces melanotropin. [melano- + G. trophe, nourishment]

melanotropin melanotropin (mel´a-no-trop-in)

A polypeptide hormone secreted by the intermediate lobe of the hypophysis in humans (in neurohypophysis in certain other species) which causes dispersion of melanin by melanophores, resulting in darkening of the skin, presumably by promoting melanin synthesis; this effect is readily demonstated in some lower vertebrates, such as frogs and fish; a-m. is an N-acetylated peptide with 13 amino acids; beta-m. has 22 amino acids.intermedin, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, melanophore-expanding principle;

melanuria melanuria (mel-a-nu´re-a)

The excretion of urine of a dark color, resulting from the presence of melanin or other pigments or from the action of phenol, creosote, resorcin, and other coal tar derivatives. [melano- + G. ouron, urine]

melanuric melanuric (mel-a-nu´rik)

Pertaining to or characterized by melanuria.

melarsoprol melarsoprol (me-lar´so-prol)

2-p-(4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-ylamino)phenyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3,2-dithioarsolan;used in the treatment of the meningoencephalitic stages of trypanosomiasis; may produce a fatal reactive encephalopathy.

MELAS MELAS

An acronym for mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis, and stroke; an inherited disorder of the respiratory chain, either a deficiency of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I of the chain) or of cytochrome c oxidase.

melasma melasma (me-laz´ma)

A patchy or generalized pigmentation of the skin. See also chloasma.mask of pregnancy, melanoderma chloasma; [G. a black color, a black spot]
m. gravida´rum chloasma occurring in pregnancy.
m. universa´le senile melanoderma

melatonin melatonin (mel-a-ton´in)

N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine;a substance formed by the mammalian pineal gland that appears to depress gonadal function in mammals and causes contraction of amphibian melanophores; a precursor is serotonin; m. is rapidly metabolized and is taken up by all tissues; it is involved in circadian rhythms. [melanophore + G. tonos, stretching, + -in]

Melchior Melchior

See Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome.

melena melena (me-le´na)

Passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by the intestinal juices. Cf. hematochezia. melanorrhagia, melanorrhea; [G. melaina, fem. of melas, black]
m. neonato´rum m. of the newborn; m. occurring in young infants.
m. spu´ria passage in the stool of blood that has been swallowed, especially that swallowed by nurslings from a fissured nipple.
m. ve´ra true m. as distinguished from m. spuria.

melenemesis melenemesis (mel-e-nem´e-sis)

Vomiting of dark-colored or blackish material. See also black vomit. [G. melas, black, + emesis, vomiting]

Meleney Meleney

Frank L., U.S. surgeon, 1889-1963. See M.'s gangrene, ulcer.

melengestrol acetate melengestrol acetate (mel-en-jes´trol)

17a-Acetoxy-6-methyl-16-methylene-4,6-pregnadiene-3,20-dione;a progestational agent.

meletin meletin (mel´e-tin)

quercetin

meli- meli-

Honey, sugar. See also mel- (3). [G. meli]

melibiase melibiase (mel-i-bI´as)

a-d-galactosidase

melibiose melibiose (mel-i-bI´os)

6-O-a-d-Galactopyranosyl-d-glucose;a disaccharide formed by the hydrolysis of raffinose by beta-fructofuranosidase; also present in plant juices.

melicera melicera , meliceris (mel-i-se´ra, mel-i-se´ris)

A hygroma or other type of cyst that contains a relatively thick, tenacious, semifluid material. [G. meli- keris, a tumor, fr. melikeron, honeycomb, fr. meli, honey, + keros, wax]

melioidosis melioidosis (mel´e-oy-do´sis)

An infectious disease of rodents in India and Southeast Asia that is caused by Pseudomonas pseudomallei and is communicable to humans. The characteristic lesion is a small caseous nodule, found generally throughout the body, which breaks down into an abscess; symptoms vary according to the tracts or organs involved.pseudoglanders, Whitmore's disease; [G. melis, a distemper of asses, + eidos, resemblance, + -osis, condition]

melissa melissa (me-lis´a)

The leaves from the tops of Melissa officinalis (family Labiatae), a plant of southern Europe; a diaphoretic.sweet balm; [G. a bee]

melissic acid melissic acid (me-lis´ik)

Found in waxes. [G. melissa, bee + -ic]

melissophobia melissophobia (me-lis´o-fo´be-a)

apiphobia [G. melissa, bee, + phobos, fear]

melitis melitis (me-lI´tis)

Inflammation of the cheek. [G. melon, cheek, + -itis, inflammation]

melitose melitose (mel´i-tos)

raffinose

melitracen hydrochloride melitracen hydrochloride (mel-i-tra´sen)

9,10-Dihydro-10,10-dimethyl-9-(3-dimethylaminopropylidene) anthracene hydrochloride;an antidepressant.

melitriose melitriose (mel-i-trI´os)

raffinose

melittin melittin (mel´i-tin)

The principal component in bee venom; m. contains 26 amino acids and is a hemolysin. [G. melitta, bee, + -in]

melituria melituria (mel-i-tu´re-a)

Obsolete term for glycosuria. [G. meli, honey, + ouron, urine]

Melkersson Melkersson

Ernst G., Swedish physician, 1898-1932. See M.-Rosenthal syndrome.

mellitum mellitum, gen. melliti, pl. mellita (me-lI´tum, -tI, ta)

A pharmaceutical preparation with honey as an excipient. [L. neut. of mellitus, honeyed]

Melnick Melnick

John C., U.S. radiologist, *1928. See M.-Needles syndrome.

melo- melo-

See mel-.

melocervicoplasty melocervicoplasty (mel-o-ser´vi-ko-plas-te)

Plastic surgery of the cheek and neck. [melo- + L. cervix, neck, + G. plastos, formed]

melodidymus melodidymus (mel´o-did´I-mus)

A fetus with a supernumerary limb. [melo- + G. didymos, twin]

melomania melomania (mel-o-ma´ne-a)

An abnormal fascination with or devotion to music. [L. melos, song + mania, frenzy]

melomelia melomelia (mel-o-me´le-a)

A malformation in which the fetus has one or more rudimentary limbs in addition to the normal limbs. Cf. micromelia. [G. melos, limb]

melonoplasty melonoplasty (me´lon-o-plas-te)

Obsolete spelling for meloplasty. [G. melon, cheek, + plastos, formed]

Melophagus Melophagus (me-lof´a-gus)

A genus of louse flies (family Hippoboscidae) that includes the ectoparasite of sheep, M. ovinus. See also Hippobosca. [G. melon, sheep, + phagein, to eat]
M. ovi´nus a wingless, flattened, hairy, leathery parasitic fly found in the wool of sheep and on goats; it is widespread in sheep, in which it sucks blood and causes much skin irritation.ked;

meloplasty meloplasty (mel´o-plas-te)

Plastic surgery of the cheek. [melo- + G. plastos, formed]

melorheostosis melorheostosis (mel´o-re-os-to´sis)

Rheostosis confined to the long bones.osteosis eburnisans monomelica; [G. melos, limb, + rheos, stream, + osteon, bone, + -osis]

melosalgia melosalgia (mel-o-sal´je-a)

Pain in the lower limbs. [G. melos, limb, + algos, pain]

meloschisis meloschisis (me-los´ki-sis)

Congenital cleft in the face. [G. melon, cheek, + schisis, a cleaving]

melotia melotia (me-lo´she-a)

Congenital displacement of the auricle onto the cheek. [G. melon, cheek, + ous, ear]

melphalan melphalan (mel´fa-lan)

l-Phenylalanine mustard; l-sarcolysine; l-3-[p-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]alanine;a phenylalanine derivative of nitrogen mustard; an alkalylating antineoplastic agent.

Meltzer Meltzer

Samuel J., U.S. physiologist, 1851-1920. See M.'s law; M.-Lyon test.

MEM MEM

Abbreviation for Eagle's minimum essential medium.

member member

A limb. [L. membrum]
virile m. obsolete term for penis.

membra membra (mem´bra) [NA]

Plural of membrum. [L.]

membrana membrana, gen and pl. membranae (mem-bra´na, -bra´ne) [NA]

biomembrane [L.]
m. abdom´inis peritoneum
m. adamanti´na enamel cuticle
m. adventi´tia 1. adventitia 2. decidua capsularis
m. atlan´to-occipita´lis ante´rior [NA] anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
m. atlan´to-occipita´lis poste´rior [NA] posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
m. basa´lis duc´tus semicircula´ris [NA] basal membrane of semicircular duct
m. basila´ris basilar membrane
m. capsula´ris the hyaloid vascular network around the posterior pole of the lens in the embryo.
m. capsulopupilla´ris the lateral portion of the vascular tunic of the lens of the eye in the embryo.
m. carno´sa dartos fascia
m. cer´ebri any one of the cerebral meninges.
m. choriocapilla´ris choriocapillary layer
m. cor´dis pericardium
m. cricothyroi´dea cricothyroid membrane
m. decid´ua [NA] deciduous membrane
m. e´boris the lining membrane of the pulp cavity of a tooth, consisting of the odontoblastic layer.ivory membrane;
m. fibroelas´tica laryn´gis [NA] fibroelastic membrane of larynx
m. fibro´sa [NA] fibrous articular capsule
m. flac´cida flaccid part of tympanic membrane
m. fus´ca lamina fusca of sclera
m. germinati´va blastoderm
m. granulo´sa stratum granulosum folliculi ovarici vesiculosi
m. hyaloi´dea posterior limiting layer of cornea
m. hyothyroi´dea thyrohyoid membrane
membran´ae intercosta´lia [NA] intercostal membranes, under membrane
m. intercosta´lis exter´na [NA] external intercostal membrane
m. intercosta´lis inter´na [NA] internal intercostal membrane
m. interos´sea antebra´chii [NA] interosseous membrane of forearm
m. interos´sea cru´ris [NA] interosseous membrane of leg
m. lim´itans 1. limiting membrane of retina 2. limiting membrane separating the neural parenchyma from the pia and blood vessels.
m. lim´itans gli´ae glial limiting membrane
m. muco´sa mucosa
m. nic´titans plica semilunaris conjunctivae (2)
m. obturato´ria [NA] obturator membrane
m. perine´i [NA] inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm
m. pituito´sa nasal mucosa
m. preformati´va the thickened m. formed by fusion of Korff's fibers and the basement membrane of the ameloblasts in a developing tooth.
m. pro´pria duc´tus semicircula´ris [NA] lamina propria of semicircular duct
m. pupilla´ris [NA] pupillary membrane
m. quadrangula´ris [NA] quadrangular membrane
m. reticula´ris [NA] reticular membrane
m. sero´sa 1. serosa, chorion 2. serosa (2)
m. seroti´na obsolete synonym of decidua basalis.
m. spira´lis [NA] * official alternate term for tympanic wall of cochlear duct, tympanic wall of cochlear duct
m. stape´dis [NA] stapedial membrane
m. statoconio´rum [NA] statoconial membrane
m. ster´ni [NA] sternal membrane
m. stria´ta zona striata
m. succin´gens pleura [L. succingere, to surround]
m. suprapleura´lis [NA] suprapleural membrane
m. synovia´lis [NA] synovial membrane
m. tecto´ria [NA] tectorial membrane
m. tecto´ria duc´tus cochlea´ris [NA] tectorial membrane of cochlear duct
m. ten´sa tense part of the tympanic membrane
m. thyrohyoi´dea [NA] thyrohyoid membrane
m. tym´pani [NA] tympanic membrane
m. tym´pani secunda´ria [NA] secondary tympanic membrane
m. versic´olor tapetum (2)
m. vestibula´ris [NA] vestibular membrane
m. vi´brans tense part of the tympanic membrane
m. vitelli´na 1. the membrane enveloping the yolk; specifically, the thickened cell membrane of large-yolked ova;ovular membrane, vitelline membrane; 2. sometimes used to designate the zona pellucida of a mammalian ovum.yolk membrane;
m. vit´rea [NA] posterior limiting layer of cornea

membranaceous membranaceous (mem-bra-na´shus)

membranous

membranate membranate (mem´bra-nat)

Of the nature of a membrane.

membrane membrane (mem´bran)

1. A thin sheet or layer of pliable tissue, serving as a covering or envelope of a part, as the lining of a cavity, as a partition or septum, or to connect two structures. 2. biomembrane [L. membrana, a skin or membrane that covers parts of the body, fr. membrum, a member]
adamantine m. enamel cuticle
allantoid m. allantois
alveolocapillary m. the pulmonary diffusion barrier.
alveolodental m. periodontal ligament
anal m. the dorsal portion of the embryonic cloacal m. after its division by the urorectal septum.
anterior atlanto-occipital m. the fibrous layer that extends from the anterior arch of the atlas to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum.membrana atlanto-occipitalis anterior [NA];
arachnoid m. arachnoid
atlanto-occipital m. See anterior atlanto-occipital m., posterior atlanto-occipital m.
basal m. of semicircular duct the basal m. underlying the epithelium of the semicircular duct.membrana basalis ductus semicircularis [NA], basal lamina of semicircular duct;
basement m. an amorphous extracellular layer closely applied to the basal surface of epithelium and also investing muscle cells, fat cells, and Schwann cells; thought to be a selective filter and to serve both structural and morphogenetic functions. It is composed of three successive layers (lamina lucida, lamina densa, and lamina fibroreticularis), a matrix of collagen (of which type IV is unique to this membrane), and several glycoproteins.basement lamina, basilemma;
basilar m. the m. extending from the bony spiral m. to the basilar crest of the cochlea; it forms the greater part of the floor of the cochlear duct separating the latter from the scala tympani and it supports the organ of Corti.lamina basilaris cochleae [NA], basal lamina of cochlear, basilar lamina, membrana basilaris;
Bichat's m. the inner elastic m. of arteries.
Bogros' serous m. a m. of the episcleral space (of Tenon).
Bowman's m. anterior limiting layer of cornea
Bruch's m. lamina basalis choroideae
Brunn's m. the epithelium of the olfactory region of the nose.
bucconasal m. a thin, transient epithelial sheet separating the primitive nasal cavity from the stomodeum in the seven-week-old human embryo.oronasal m;
buccopharyngeal m. a bilaminar (ectoderm and endoderm) m. derived from the prochordal plate; after the embryonic head fold has evolved it lies at the caudal limit of the stomodeum.oral m., oropharyngeal m;
cell m. the protoplasmic boundary of all cells that controls permeability and may serve other functions through surface specializations; e.g., active ion transport absorption by formation of pinocytotic vesicles; receptor-mediated antigen recognition, etc..; its fine structure is trilaminar and consists of the electron-dense lamina externa and lamina interna with an electron-lucent lamina intermedia.cytolemma, cytomembrane, plasma m., plasmalemma, plasmolemma, Wachendorf's m. (2);
chorioallantoic m. extraembryonic m. formed by fusion of chorion and allantois.
cloacal m. a transitory m. in the caudal area of the ventral wall of the embryo, separating the endodermal from the ectodermal cloaca; it is divided into anal and genitourinary m.'s that break down during the eighth to ninth week to establish the external opening for the alimentary and genitourinary tracts.
closing m.'s thin sheets, composed of ectoderm externally and endoderm internally, which separate the pharyngeal pouches from the overlying branchial clefts in the early embryo.pharyngeal m.'s;
Corti's m. tectorial m. of cochlear duct
cricothyroid m. one of the bilateral m.'s extending between arch and the inferior edge of the thyroid lamina one each side of the midline, occupied by the thicker cricothyroid ligament. See also conus elasticus, cricothyroid ligament.membrana cricothyroidea;
cricotracheal m. cricotracheal ligament
cricovocal m. conus elasticus (1)
croupous m. false m
deciduous m. the mucous m. of the pregnant uterus that has already undergone certain changes, under the influence of the ovulation cycle, to fit it for the implantation and nutrition of the ovum; so-called because the m. is cast off after labor.membrana decidua [NA], caduca, decidua, Hunter's m;
Descemet's m. posterior limiting layer of cornea
diphtheritic m. the false m. forming on the mucous surfaces in diphtheria.
double m. two biomembrane layers, with an intermembranal space, surrounding certain organelles (e.g., mitochondria) or structures.
drum m. tympanic m
Duddell's m. posterior limiting layer of cornea
dysmenorrheal m. a m., resembling the decidua, cast off in cases of membranous dysmenorrhea.
egg m. the investing envelope of the ovum; a primary egg m. is produced from ovarian cytoplasm (e.g., a vitelline m.); a secondary egg m. is the product of the ovarian follicle (e.g., the zona pellucida); a tertiary egg m. is secreted by the lining of the oviduct (e.g., a shell).
elastic m. a m. formed of elastic connective tissue, present as fenestrated lamellae in the coats of the arteries and elsewhere.
embryonic m. fetal m
enamel m. the internal layer of the enamel organ formed by the enamel cells.
epipapillary m. 1. a congenital m. covering the optic disk; 2. the glial remnants of Bergmeister's papilla.
epiretinal m. a m., usually acquired, covering a portion of the retina and composed of fibrous tissue from metaplasia of retinal pigment epithelial cells or glia.
exocelomic m. a layer of cells delaminated from the inner surface of the blastocystic cytotrophoblast and from the envelope of the primary yolk sac during the second week of embryonic life.Heuser's m;
external intercostal m. the m. that replaces the external intercostal muscle anteriorly between costal cartilages.membrana intercostalis externa [NA];
extraembryonic m. fetal m
false m. a thick, tough fibrinous exudate on the surface of a mucous m. or the skin, as seen in diphtheria.croupous m., neomembrane, plica (2), pseudomembrane;
fenestrated m. an elastic m., as in elastic laminae of arteries.
fertilization m. a viscous m. formed on the inner surface of the vitelline m. from the cytoplasm of the egg cell after entry of the sperm, preventing the entry of additional sperm.
fetal m. a structure or tissue that develops from the fertilized ovum but does not form part of the embryo proper.embryonic m., extraembryonic m;
fibroelastic m. of larynx a layer of fibrous and elastic fibers, taking the place of the submucosa in the larynx. It is divided by the laryngeal ventricle into two parts: the quadrangular m. superiorly and the conus elasticus (1) inferiorly.membrana fibroelastica laryngis [NA];
fibrous m. fibrous articular capsule
Fielding's m. tapetum (2)
flaccid m. flaccid part of tympanic membrane
germ m. , germinal m. blastoderm
glassy m. 1. the basement m. present between the stratum granulosum and the theca interna of a vesicular ovarian follicle; it becomes very prominent in large atretic follicles; 2. the basement m. and associated connective tissue of the hair follicle.hyaline m. (2);
glial limiting m. a dense, resilient m. forming the true capsule of the brain and spinal cord, composed of the processes of astrocytes (macroglia cells) and covered throughout by the pia mater, which firmly adheres to it; the two m.'s are collectively called the pial-glial m.membrana limitans gliae;
Henle's m. lamina basalis choroideae
Henle's fenestrated elastic m. elastic laminae of arteries, under lamina
Heuser's m. exocelomic m
Hunter's m. deciduous m
Huxley's m. Huxley's layer
hyaline m. 1. the thin, clear basement m. beneath certain epithelia; 2. glassy m. (2)
hyaloid m. posterior limiting layer of cornea
hyoglossal m. posterior widening of the lingual septum connecting the root of the tongue to the hyoid bone; the inferior fibers of the genioglossus are attached to it and by this means to the upper anterior body of the hyoid bone near the midline.
inner m. the smaller of a double m.
intercostal m.'s the membranous layers between ribs.membranae intercostalia [NA], intercostal ligaments, ligamenta intercostalia;
internal intercostal m. the m. that replaces the internal intercostal muscle posteriorly, medial to the angles of the ribs.membrana intercostalis interna [NA];
interosseous m. of forearm the dense m. that connects the interosseous margins of the radius and ulna, forming the radioulnar syndesmosis, and with the bones separating the flexor and extensor compartments of the forearm.membrana interossea antebrachii [NA];
interosseous m. of leg the dense fibrous layer that connects the interosseous margins of the tibia and fibula, forming the upper portion of the tibiofibular syndesmosis and, with the bones and intermuscular septa, creating anterior and posterior comparments of the leg.membrana interossea cruris [NA], ligamentum tibiofibulare medium;
ivory m. membrana eboris
Jackson's m. a thin vascular m. or veil-like adhesion, covering the anterior surface of the ascending colon from the cecum to the right flexure; it may cause obstruction by kinking of the bowel.Jackson's veil;
keratogenous m. nail bed
limiting m. of retina one of two layers of the retina: internal limiting m. , formed by the expanded inner ends of Müller's fibers; outer limiting m. , not a m. but a row of junctional complexes.membrana limitans (1);
medullary m. endosteum
mitochondrial m. the double biomembrane surrounding the mitochondrion.
mucous m.'s mucosa
mucous m. of tympanic cavity mucosa of tympanic cavity
Nasmyth's m. enamel cuticle
nictitating m. plica semilunaris conjunctivae (2)
Nitabuch's m. a layer of fibrin between the boundary zone of compact endometrium and the cytotrophoblastic shell in the placenta.Nitabuch's layer, Nitabuch's stria;
nuclear m. nuclear envelope
obturator m. the thin m. of strong interlacing fibers filling the obturator foramen.membrana obturatoria [NA];
olfactory m. that part of the nasal mucosa having olfactory receptor cells and glands of Bowman.
oral m. buccopharyngeal m
oronasal m. bucconasal m
oropharyngeal m. buccopharyngeal m
otolithic m. statoconial m
outer m. the larger of the two m.'s of a double m.
ovular m. membrana vitellina (1)
Payr's m. a fold of peritoneum that crosses over the left flexure of the colon.
pericardiopleural m. pleuropericardial fold
peridental m. periodontal ligament
perineal m. inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm
periodontal m. periodontal ligament
periorbital m. periorbita
pharyngeal m.'s closing m.'s
pial-glial m. the dual outer lining of the brain and spinal cord, composed of the glial limiting m. and the pia mater.
pituitary m. nasal mucosa
placental m. the semipermeable layer of fetal tissue separating the maternal from the fetal blood in the placenta; composed of: 1) endothelium of the fetal vessels in the chorionic villi, 2) stromata of the villi, 3) cytotrophoblast (negligible after the fifth month of gestation), and 4) syncytial trophoblast covering the villi; the placental m. acts as a selective m. regulating passage of substances from the maternal to the fetal blood.placental barrier;
plasma m. cell m
pleuropericardial m. pleuropericardial fold
pleuroperitoneal m. pleuroperitoneal fold
posterior atlanto-occipital m. the fibrous membrane that attaches between the posterior arch of the atlas and the posterior margin of the foramen magnum.membrana atlanto-occipitalis posterior [NA];
postsynaptic m. that part of the plasma m. of a neuron or muscle fiber with which an axon terminal forms a synaptic junction; in many instances, at least part of such a small postsynaptic m. patch shows characteristic morphological modifications such as greater thickness and higher electron-density, believed to correspond to the transmitter-sensitive receptor site of such synapses.
presynaptic m. that part of the plasma m. of an axon terminal that faces the plasma m. of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon's plasma m. See also synapse.
primary egg m. See egg m.
proligerous m. cumulus oöphorus
prophylactic m. pyogenic m
pupillary m. remnants of the central portion of the anterior layer of the iris stroma (the iridopupillary lamina) which occludes the pupil in fetal life, and normally atrophies about the seventh month of gestation. Persistent strands usually stretch across the pupil from one iris collarette to the other, without touching the pupillary margin. Failure to regress is a rare cause of congenital blindness.membrana pupillaris [NA], Wachendorf's m. (1);
pyogenic m. a layer of pus cells lining an abscess cavity which have not yet autolyzed.prophylactic m;
quadrangular m. the elastic fibra m. that extends from the ventricular fold of the larynx upward to the aryepiglottic fold; it attaches anteriorly to the epiglottis and posteriorly to the lateral margin of the arytenoid and corniculate cartilages.membrana quadrangularis [NA], Tourtual's m;
Reissner's m. vestibular m
reticular m. the m. formed by cuticular plates of the cells of the spiral organ of Corti; it appears netlike when viewed from above.membrana reticularis [NA];
Rivinus' m. flaccid part of tympanic membrane
Ruysch's m. choriocapillary layer
Scarpa's m. secondary tympanic m
schneiderian m. nasal mucosa
Schultze's m. region of olfactory mucosa
secondary egg m. See egg m.
secondary tympanic m. the m. closing the fenestra cochleae or rotunda.membrana tympani secundaria [NA], Scarpa's m;
semipermeable m. a m. that is relatively permeable to the solvent but relatively impermeable to all or at least some of the solutes in either or both of the solutions separated by the m.
serous m. serosa
Shrapnell's m. flaccid part of tympanic membrane
spiral m. tympanic wall of cochlear duct
stapedial m. the delicate mucosal layer that bridges the space between the crura and base of the stapes.membrana stapedis [NA];
statoconial m. a gelatinous m. supported by the hairs of the hair cells of the maculae of the saccule and utriculus of the inner ear; adhering to the surface are numerous crystalline particles called statoconia.membrana statoconiorum [NA], otolithic m;
sternal m. interlacing fibers from the anterior costosternal ligaments covering the anterior surface of the sternum.membrana sterni [NA];
striated m. zona striata
suprapleural m. the thickened portion of endothoracic fascia extending over the cupola of the pleura and reinforcing it; it attaches to the inner border of the first rib and to the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra.membrana suprapleuralis [NA], Sibson's aponeurosis, Sibson's fascia;
synovial m. the connective tissue m. that lines the cavity of a synovial joint and produces the synovial fluid; it lines all internal surfaces of the cavity except for the articular cartilage of the bones.membrana synovialis [NA], stratum synoviale [NA], synovium;
tectorial m. the upper continuation of the anterior part of the posterior longitudinal ligament attached to the upper surface of the basilar portion of the occipital bone and the bodies of the second and third cervical vertebrae; it forms a "roof" over the median atlantoaxial joint.membrana tectoria [NA], apparatus ligamentosus weitbrechti, posterior occipitoaxial ligament;
tectorial m. of cochlear duct a gelatinous m. that overlies the spiral organ (Corti) in the inner ear.membrana tectoria ductus cochlearis [NA], Corti's m., tectorium (2);
tertiary egg m. See egg m.
thyrohyoid m. a thin, fibrous, membranous sheet filling the gap between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage.membrana thyrohyoidea [NA], membrana hyothyroidea;
Toldt's m. the anterior layer of the renal fascia.
Tourtual's m. quadrangular m
tympanic m. a thin tense m. forming the greater part of the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity and separating it from the external acoustic meatus; it constitutes the boundary between the external and middle ear, is covered on both surfaces with epithelium, and in the tense part has an intermediate layer of outer radial and inner circular collagen fibers.membrana tympani [NA], drum m., drum, drumhead, eardrum, m. of tympanum, myringa, myrinx;
m. of tympanum tympanic m
undulating m. , undulatory m. a locomotory organelle of certain flagellate (trypanosome and trichomonad) parasites, consisting of a finlike extension of the limiting m. with the flagellar sheath; wavelike rippling of the undulating m. produces a characteristic movement.
unit m. the trilaminar structure of the plasmalemma and other intercellular m.'s, when seen in cross-section with the electron microscope, composed of two electron-dense laminae approximately 20 Å thick separated by a less dense lamina 35 Å thick.
urogenital m. the ventral portion of the embryonic cloacal m. after its division by the urorectal septum.
urorectal m. in the embryo, urorectal septum separating the cloaca into urogenital sinus and rectum.urorectal fold;
uteroepichorial m. rarely used term for decidua parietalis.
vaginal synovial m. synovial tendon sheath
vestibular m. the m. separating the cochlear duct from the vestibular canal; it consists of squamous epithelial cells with microvilli toward the ductus, a basement m., and a thin layer of connective tissue toward the scala.membrana vestibularis [NA], paries vestibularis ductus cochlearis [NA], Reissner's m., vestibular wall of cochlear duct;
virginal m. obsolete term for hymen.
vitelline m. membrana vitellina (1)
vitreous m. 1. posterior limiting layer of cornea 2. a condensation of fine collagen fibers in places in the cortex of the vitreous body; formerly thought to form a m. or capsule at its periphery; 3. lamina basalis choroideae
Wachendorf's m. 1. pupillary m 2. cell m
yolk m. membrana vitellina
Zinn's m. the anterior layer of the iris.

membranectomy membranectomy (mem-bra-nek´to-me)

Removal of the membranes of a subdural hematoma. [membrane + G. ektome, excision]

membranelle membranelle (mem-bra-nel´)

A minute membrane formed of fused cilia, found in certain ciliate protozoa.

membraniform membraniform (mem-bra´ni-form)

Of the appearance or character of a membrane.membranoid;

membranocartilaginous membranocartilaginous (mem´bra-no-kar-ti-laj´i-nus)

1. Partly membranous and partly cartilaginous. 2. Derived from both a mesenchymal membrane and cartilage; denoting certain bones.

membranoid membranoid (mem´bra-noyd)

membraniform

membranous membranous (mem´bra-nus)

Relating to or of the form of a membrane.hymenoid (1), membranaceous;

membrum membrum, pl. membra (mem´brum, mem´bra) [NA]

A limb; a member. [L. member]
m. infe´rius [NA] lower limb
m. mulieb´re obsolete term for clitoris.
m. supe´rius [NA] upper limb
m. vir´ile penis

memory memory (mem´o-re)

1. General term for the recollection of that which was once experienced or learned. 2. The mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli; composed of three stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval. [L. memoria]
affect m. the emotional element recurring whenever a significant experience is recalled.
anterograde m. m. for that which occurred after an event such as a brain injury.
long-term m. (LTM) that phase of the m. process considered the permanent storehouse of information which has been registered, encoded, passed into the short-term m., coded, rehearsed, and finally transferred and stored for future retrieval; material and information retained in LTM underlies cognitive abilities.
remote m. m. for events of long ago as opposed to recent events.
retrograde m. m. for that which occurred before an event such as a brain injury.
screen m. in psychoanalysis, a consciously tolerable m. that unwittingly serves as a cover for another associated m. which would be emotionally painful if recalled.
selective m. reception or retrieval of only some of the events in an experience.
senile m. m. that is good for remote events, often in contrast to current events; characteristically seen in aged or demented persons.
short-term m. (STM) that phase of the m. process in which stimuli that have been recognized and registered are stored briefly; decay occurs rapidly, typically within seconds, but may be held indefinitely by using rehearsal as a holding process by which to recycle material over and over through STM.temporary m;
subconscious m. information not immediately available for recall.
temporary m. short-term m

memotine hydrochloride memotine hydrochloride (mem´o-ten)

3,4-Dihydro-1-[(p- methoxyphenoxy)methyl]isoquinoline hydrochloride;an antiviral drug.

menacme menacme (me-nak´me)

The period of menstrual activity in a woman's life. [G. men, month, + akme, prime]

menadiol diacetate menadiol diacetate (men-a-dI´ol)

2-Methyl-1,4-naphthohydroquinone diacetate;menadiol acetylated at both OH groups; a prothrombogenic vitamin.acetomenaphthone, vitamin K₄;

menadiol sodium diphosphate menadiol sodium diphosphate

Tetrasodium 2-methyl-1,4-naphthalenediol-bis(dihydrogen phosphate);a dihydro derivative of menadione, with similar vitamin K activity.

menadione menadione (men-a-dI´on)

2-Methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone;the root of compounds that are 3-multiprenyl derivatives of m. and known as the menaquinones or vitamins K₂.menaphthone, menaquinone, vitamin K₃;
m. reductase NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone)
m. sodium bisulfite it possesses the same action and is used for the same purposes as m. or vitamin K; it differs, however, from m. in being water-soluble.

menaphthone menaphthone (men-a-naf´thon)

menadione

menaquinone (MK) menaquinone (MK) (men´a-kwin´on, -kwI´non)

menadione

menaquinone-6 (MK-6) menaquinone-6 (MK-6)

Hexaprenylmenaquinone; prenylmenaquinone-6; 2-methyl-3-hexaprenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone;isolated from putrified fish meal; potency is about 60% of that of phylloquinone (vitamin K₁).farnoquinone, vitamin K₂, vitamin K₂(30);

menaquinone-7 (MK-7) menaquinone-7 (MK-7)

Menaquinone-6 with a 3-heptaprenyl side chain.vitamin K₂(35);

menarche menarche (me-nar´ke)

Establishment of the menstrual function; the time of the first menstrual period. [G. men, month, + arche, beginning]

menarcheal menarcheal , menarchial (me-nar´ke-al)

Pertaining to the menarche.

Mendel Mendel

Gregor J., Austrian geneticist, 1822-1884. See mendelian character; mendelian inheritance; mendelian ratio; M.'s first law, second law.

Mendel Mendel

Kurt, German neurologist, 1874-1946. See M.'s instep reflex; Bechterew-M. reflex.

Mendeléeff Mendeléeff , Mendeleev

Dimitri (Dmitri) I., Russian chemist, 1834-1907. See mendelevium; M.'s law.

mendelevium (Md, Mv) mendelevium (Md, Mv) (men-de-le´ve-um)

An element, atomic no. 101, atomic wt. 258.1, prepared in 1955 by bombardment of einsteinium with alpha particles. [D. Mendeléeff]

mendelian mendelian (men-de´le-an)

Attributed to or described by Gregor Mendel; usually referring to the behavior and the mechanism of the genetic transmission of single-locus traits.

Mendelian Inheritance in Man Mendelian Inheritance in Man

A standard, comprehensive, perpetually updated reference source for traits in humans that have been shown to be mendelian or that are thought on reasonable grounds to be so. Each entry has a six-digit catalog number. Those securely established (by molecular biology or by extensive clinical studies) are marked with an asterisk.

mendelism mendelism (men´del-izm)

The hereditary principles of unilocal traits derived from Mendel's laws.

mendelizing mendelizing (men´del-Iz-ing)

Denoting a pattern of inheritance of a trait that corresponds phenotypically to the segregation of known or putative genes at one genetic locus.

Mendelson Mendelson

Curtis L., U.S. physician, *1913. See M.'s syndrome.

Ménétrier Ménétrier

Pierre E., French physician, 1859-1935. See M.'s disease, syndrome.

Menge Menge

Karl, German gynecologist, 1864-1945. See M.'s pessary.

Ménière Ménière

Prosper, French physician, 1799-1862. See M.'s disease, syndrome.

mening- mening-

See meningo-.

meningeal meningeal (me-nin´je-al, men´in-je´al)

Relating to the meninges.

meningeocortical meningeocortical (me-nin´je-o-kor´ti-kal)

meningocortical

meningeorrhaphy meningeorrhaphy (me-nin´je-or´a-fe)

Suture of the cranial or spinal meninges or of any membrane. [G. meninx (mening-), membrane, + rhaphe, suture]

meninges meninges (me-nin´jez)

Plural of meninx.

meningioangiomatosis meningioangiomatosis (me-nin´je-o-an´je-o-ma-to-sis)

Proliferation of vessels and meningothelial cells, associated with epilepsy and neurofibromatosis.

meningioma meningioma (me-nin´je-o´ma)

A benign, encapsulated neoplasm of arachnoidal origin, occurring most frequently in adults; most frequent form consists of elongated, fusiform cells in whorls and pseudolobules with psammoma bodies frequently present; m.'s tend to occur along the superior sagittal sinus, along the sphenoid ridge, or in the vicinity of the optic chiasm; in addition to meningothelial m., angiomatous, chondromatous, osteomatous, lipomatous, melanotic, fibroblastic and transitional varieties are recognized. [mening- + G. -oma, tumor]
cutaneous m. a lesion in the skin and subcutis composed of meningeal cells; occurs as a developmental lesion in children or as an extension of an intracranial m. in adults.
malignant m. m. that either invades brain parenchyma or metastasizes.
psammomatous m. a firm cellular neoplasm derived from fibrous tissue of the meninges, choroid plexus, and certain other structures associated with the brain, characterized by the formation of multiple, discrete, concentrically laminated, calcareous bodies (psammoma bodies); most of these neoplasms are histologically benign, but may lead to severe symptoms as a result of compressing the brain.angiolithic sarcoma, sand tumor, Virchow's psammoma;

meningiomatosis meningiomatosis (me-nin´je-o-ma-to´sis)

The presence of multiple meningiomas, sometimes seen in von Recklinghausen's disease.

meningism meningism (men´in-jizm, me-nin´jizm)

A condition in which the symptoms simulate a meningitis, but in which no actual inflammation of these membranes is present.pseudomeningitis;

meningitic meningitic (men´in-jit´ik)

Relating to or characterized by meningitis.

meningitis meningitis, pl. meningitides (men-in-jI´tis, -jit´i-dez; -jit´i-dez)

Inflammation of the membranes of the brain or spinal cord. See also arachnoiditis, leptomeningitis.cerebrospinal m; [mening- + G. itis, inflammation]
basilar m. m. at the base of the brain, due usually to tuberculosis, syphilis, or any low-grade chronic granulomatous process; may result in an internal hydrocephalus.
cerebrospinal m. meningitis
eosinophilic m. angiostrongylosis
epidemic cerebrospinal m. meningococcal m
epidural m. pachymeningitis externa
external m. pachymeningitis externa
internal m. pachymeningitis interna
listeria m. listeriosis
meningococcal m. an acute infectious disease affecting children and young adults, caused by Neisseria meningitidis; characterized by nasopharyngeal catarrh, headache, vomiting, convulsions, stiffness in the neck (nuchal rigidity), photophobia, constipation, cutaneous hyperesthesia, a purpuric or herpetic eruption, and the presence of Kernig's sign. Fulminant form may cause Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome.cerebrospinal fever, epidemic cerebrospinal m;
Mollaret's m. a recurrent aseptic m.; febrile illness accompanied by headaches, malaise, meningeal signs, and cerebrospinal fluid monocytes.
neoplastic m. infiltration of subarachnoid space by neoplastic cells, typically medulloblastoma or metastatic carcinoma.neoplastic arachnoiditis;
occlusive m. leptomeningitis causing occlusion of the spinal fluid pathways.
otitic m. infection of the meninges secondary to mastoiditis or otitis media.
serous m. acute m. with secondary external hydrocephalus.
tuberculous m. inflammation of the cerebral leptomeninges marked by the presence of granulomatous inflammation; it is usually confined to the base of the brain (basilar m., internal hydrocephalus) and is accompanied in children by an accumulation of spinal fluid in the ventricles (acute hydrocephalus).cerebral tuberculosis (1);

meningo- meningo- , mening-

The meninges. [G. meninx, membrane]

meningocele meningocele (me-ning´go-sel)

Protrusion of the membranes of the brain or spinal cord through a defect in the skull or spinal column. [meningo- + G. kele, tumor]
spurious m. an extracranial or extraspinal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, due to meningeal tear.traumatic m;
traumatic m. spurious m

meningococcemia meningococcemia (me-ning´go-kok-se´me-a)

Presence of meningococci (N. meningitidis) in the circulating blood.
acute fulminating m. rapidly moving systemic infection with Neisseria meningitidis, usually without meningitis, characterized by rash, usually petechial or purpuric, high fever, and hypotension. May lead to death within hours.

meningococcus meningococcus, pl. meningococci (me-ning´go-kok´us, -kok´sI)

Neisseria meningitidis [meningo- + G. kokkos, berry]

meningocortical meningocortical (me-ning´go-kor´ti-kal)

Relating to the meninges and the cortex of the brain.meningeocortical;

meningocyte meningocyte (me-ning´go-sIt)

A mesenchymal epithelial cell of the subarachnoid space; it may become a macrophage. [meningo- + G. kytos, cell]

meningoencephalitis meningoencephalitis (me-ning´go-en-sef´al-I´tis)

An inflammation of the brain and its membranes.cerebromeningitis, encephalomeningitis; [meningo- + G. enkephalos, brain, + -itis, inflammation]
acute primary hemorrhagic m. acute epidemic leukoencephalitis
biundulant m. tick-borne encephalitis (Central European subtype)
chronic progressive syphilitic m. paretic neurosyphilis
eosinophilic m. a disease caused by infection with the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, whose larvae, ingested with infected slugs or land snails (or some unidentified transport host), migrate from intestine to the meninges of the brain where the disease is produced; it is usually mild, of short duration, and characterized by fever, eosinophilia, and white blood cells (rarely nematode larvae) in the spinal fluid.
herpetic m. a severe form of m. caused by herpesvirus type 1 and associated with a high mortality rate; definite diagnosis depends upon isolation of the virus or demonstration of viral antigens.
mumps m. a usually benign nervous system infection arising during the active phase of clinical mumps parotiditis.
primary amebic m. an invasive, rapidly fatal cerebral infection by soil amebae, chiefly Naegleria fowleri, found in man and other primates and experimentally in rodents; the disease is characterized by a high fever, neck rigidity, and symptoms associated with upper respiratory infection such as cough and nausea; although organisms have been cultured from various organs, the brain is the primary focus, especially the olfactory lobes and cerebral cortex, which are first attacked by the amebae that enter from nasal mucosa through the cribriform plate; death usually occurs two to three days after onset of symptoms.
syphilitic m. a secondary or tertiary stage manifestation of syphilis; rarely fatal.
thromboembolic m. an acute septicemic disease of cattle caused by the bacterium Haemophilus somnus and characterized by fever, severe depression, ataxia, blindness, coma, and rapid death.

meningoencephalocele meningoencephalocele (me-ning´go-en-sef´a-lo-sel)

A protrusion of the meninges and brain through a congenital defect in the cranium, usually in the frontal or occipital region.encephalomeningocele; [meningo- + G. enkephalos, brain, + kele, hernia]

meningoencephalomyelitis meningoencephalomyelitis (me-ning´go-en-sef´a-lo-mI-e-lI´tis)

Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord together with their membranes. [meningo + G. enkephalos, brain, + myelos, marrow, + -itis, inflammation]
granulomatous m. a sporadic disease of dogs characterized by incoordination, ataxia, cervical pain, nystagmus, circling, seizures, and depression.

meningoencephalopathy meningoencephalopathy (me-ning´go-en-sef-a-lop´a-the)

Disorder affecting the meninges and the brain.encephalomeningopathy; [meningo- + G. enkephalos, brain, + pathos, suffering]

meningomyelitis meningomyelitis (me-ning´go-mI´e-lI´tis)

Inflammation of the spinal cord and of its enveloping arachnoid and pia mater, and less commonly also of the dura mater. [meningo- + G. myelos, marrow, + -itis, inflammation]

meningomyelocele meningomyelocele (me-ning-go-mI´e-lo-sel)

Protrusion of the spinal cord and its membranes through a defect in the vertebral column.myelocystomeningocele, myelomeningocele; [meningo- + G. myelos, marrow, + kele, tumor]

meningo-osteophlebitis meningo-osteophlebitis (me-ning´go´os-te-o-fle-bI´tis)

Inflammation of the veins of the periosteum.

meningoradicular meningoradicular (me-ning´go-ra-dik´yu-lar)

Relating to the meninges covering cranial or spinal nerve roots. [meningo- + L. radix, root]

meningoradiculitis meningoradiculitis (me-ning´go-ra-dik-yu-lI´tis)

Inflammation of the meninges and roots of the nerves.

meningorrhachidian meningorrhachidian (me-ning´go-ra-kid´e-an)

Relating to the spinal cord and its membranes. [meningo- + G. rhachis, spine]

meningorrhagia meningorrhagia (me-ning´go-ra´je-a)

Hemorrhage into or beneath the cerebral or spinal meninges. [meningo- + G. rhegnymi, to burst forth]

meningosis meningosis (men´ing-go´sis)

Membranous union of bones, as in the skull of the newborn. [meningo- + G. -osis, condition]

meningovascular meningovascular (me-ning´go-vas´kyu-lar)

Concerning the blood vessels in the meninges; or the meninges and blood vessels.

meninguria meninguria (men-ing-gu´re-a)

The passage of membraniform shreds in the urine. [meningo- + G. ouron, urine]

meninx meninx, gen. meningis, pl. meninges (me´ninks, -jez; men´ingks; me-nin´jes)

Any membrane; specifically, one of the membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord. See also arachnoidea, dura mater, pia mater. [Mod. L. fr. G. meninx, membrane]
m. fibro´sa rarely used term for dura mater.
m. primiti´va primitive m
primitive m. the embryonic loose mesenchymatous tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord; from it the three definite meninges (arachnoidea, dura mater, and pia mater) are derived.m. primitiva;
m. sero´sa obsolete term for arachnoidea; the arachnoid is actually not a serous membrane.
m. ten´uis leptomeninges
vascular m. rarely used term for pia mater.m. vasculosa;
m. vasculo´sa vascular m

meniscectomy meniscectomy (men´i-sek´to-me)

Excision of a meniscus, usually from the knee joint. [G. meniskos, crescent (meniscus) + ektome, excision]

menisci menisci (me-nis´sI)

Plural of meniscus.

meniscitis meniscitis (men´i-sI´tis)

Inflammation of a fibrocartilaginous meniscus. [G. meniskos, crescent (meniscus), + -itis, inflammation]

meniscocyte meniscocyte (me-nis´ko-sIt)

sickle cell [G. meniskos, a crescent, + kytos, a hollow (cell)]

meniscopexy meniscopexy (me-nis´ko-pek-se)

Surgical procedure anchoring the medial meniscus to its former attachment.meniscorrhaphy; [menisco- + G. pexis, fixation]

meniscorrhaphy meniscorrhaphy (men-is-kor´a-fe)

meniscopexy [menisco- + G. rhaphe, suture]

meniscotome meniscotome (me-nis´ko-tom)

An instrument used in the removal of a meniscus. [G. meniskos, crescent (meniscus) + tome, incision]

meniscus meniscus, pl. menisci (me-nis´kus, me-nis´sI)

1. meniscus lens 2. [NA] A crescent-shaped structure. 3. A crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure of the knee, the acromio- and sternoclavicular and the temporomandibular joints. [G. meniskos, crescent]
articular m. a crescent-shaped intra-articular fibrocartilage found in certain joints.m. articularis [NA], articular crescent, intra-articular cartilage (2);
m. articula´ris [NA] articular m
converging m. a convexoconcave lens in which the power of the convexity exceeds that of the concavity.positive m;
diverging m. a convexoconcave lens in which the power of the concavity exceeds that of the convexity.negative m;
lateral m. attached to the lateral border of the upper articular surface of the tibia.m. lateralis [NA], external semilunar fibrocartilage;
m. latera´lis [NA] lateral m
medial m. attached to the medial border of the upper articular surface of the tibia.m. medialis [NA], falciform cartilage, internal semilunar fibrocartilage of knee joint;
m. media´lis [NA] medial m
negative m. diverging m
periscopic m. aplanatic lens
positive m. converging m
tactile m. a specialized tactile sensory nerve ending in the epidermis, characterized by a terminal cuplike expansion of an intraepidermal axon in contact with the base of a single modified keratinocyte.m. tactus [NA], Merkel's corpuscle, Merkel's tactile cell, Merkel's tactile disk, tactile disk;
m. tac´tus [NA] tactile m

Menkes Menkes

John H., U.S. neurologist, *1928. See M.'s syndrome.

meno- meno-

The menses, menstruation. [G. men, month]

menocelis menocelis (men-o-se´lis)

A dark macular or petechial eruption sometimes occurring in cases of amenorrhea. [meno- + G. kelis, spot]

menometrorrhagia menometrorrhagia (men´o-me-tro-ra´je-a)

Irregular or excessive bleeding during menstruation and between menstrual periods. [meno- + G. metra, uterus, + rhegnymi, to burst forth]

menopausal menopausal (men´o-paw-zal)

Associated with or occasioned by the menopause.

menopause menopause (men´o-pawz)

Permanent cessation of the menses; termination of the menstrual life. [meno- + G. pausis, cessation]

menophania menophania (men-o-fa´ne-a)

First sign of the menses at puberty. [meno- + G. phaino, to show]

Menopon Menopon (men´o-pon)

A genus of biting lice (family Menoponidae, order Mallophaga) found on birds; it includes important pests that infect domestic fowl, such as M. gallinae (M. pallidum), the shaft louse of poultry, a light yellow louse about 1.7 to 2.0 mm long, found on barnyard fowl, ducks, and pigeons.

menorrhagia menorrhagia (men-o-ra´je-a)

hypermenorrhea [meno- + G. rhegnymi, to burst forth]

menorrhalgia menorrhalgia (men-o-ral´je-a)

dysmenorrhea [meno- + G. algos, pain]

menoschesis menoschesis (me-nos´ke-sis, men-o-ske´sis)

Suppression of menstruation. [meno- + G. schesis, retention]

menostasis menostasis , menostasia (me-nos´ta-sis, men-o-sta´ze-a)

Obsolete term for amenorrhea. [meno- + G. stasis, a standing]

menostaxis menostaxis (men-o-stak´sis)

hypermenorrhea [meno- + G. staxis, a dripping]

menotropins menotropins (men-o-tro´pinz)

Extract of postmenopausal urine containing primarily the follicle-stimulating hormone. See also human menopausal gonadotropin, urofollitropin.

menouria menouria (men-o-yu´re-a)

Menstruation occurring through the urinary bladder as a result of vesicouterine fistula. [meno- + G. ouron, urine, + -ia, condition]

menoxenia menoxenia (men-o-ze´ne-a, men´ok-se´ne-a)

Any abnormality of menstruation. [meno- + G. xenos, strange]

menses menses (men´sez)

A periodic physiologic hemorrhage, occurring at approximately 4-week intervals, and having its source from the uterine mucous membrane; usually the bleeding is preceded by ovulation and predecidual changes in the endometrium. See also menstrual cycle.catamenia, emmenia, menstrual period; [L. pl. of mensis, month]

menstrual menstrual (men´stru-al)

Relating to the menses.catamenial, emmenic; [L. menstrualis]

menstruant menstruant (men´stru-ant)

Menstruating.

menstruate menstruate (men´stru-at)

To undergo menstruation. [L. menstruo, pp. -atus, to be menstruant]

menstruation menstruation (men-stru-a´shun)

Cyclic endometrial shedding and discharge of a bloody fluid from the uterus during the menstrual cycle. [see menstruate]
anovular m. menstrual bleeding without recent ovulation; also occurs in subhuman primates.anovulational m., nonovulational m;
anovulational m. anovular m
nonovulational m. anovular m
retained m. hematocolpos
retrograde m. a flow of menstrual blood back through the fallopian tubes; it sometimes carries with it endometrial cells.
supplementary m. bleeding from the navel or urinary tract due to endometriosis occurring at the time of m.
suppressed m. nonappearance of menstrual bleeding from whatever cause.
vicarious m. bleeding from any surface other than the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity, occurring periodically at the time when the normal m. should take place.

menstruum menstruum, pl. menstrua (men´stru-um, -stru-a)

Old term for solvent. [Mediev. L. menstrual fluid, thought to possess certain solvent properties, ntr. of L. menstruus, monthly]

mensual mensual (men´su-al, -shu-al)

Monthly. [L. mensis, month]

mensuration mensuration (men-su-ra´shun)

The act or process of measuring. [L. mensuratio, fr. mensuro, to measure]

mentagra mentagra (men-tag´ra)

sycosis [L. tetter on the chin, fr. mentum, chin, + G. agra, a seizure]

mental mental

1. Relating to the mind. [L. mens (ment-), mind] 2. Relating to the chin.genial, genian; [L. mentum, chin]

mentalis mentalis (men-ta´lis)

See mentalis muscle. [L.]

mentality mentality (men-tal´i-te)

The functional attributes of the mind; mental activity.

mentation mentation (men-ta´shun)

The process of reasoning and thinking.

Menten Menten

Maud L., Canadian pathologist in U.S., 1879-1960. See Michaelis-M. constant, hypothesis.

Mentha Mentha (men´tha)

A genus of plants of the family Labiatae. M. piperita is peppermint; M. pulegium, pennyroyal; M. viridis, spearmint.mint; [L.]

menthane menthane (men´than)

1-Isopropyl-4-methylcyclohexane;the monocyclic terpene parent of alcohols such as menthol, terpin.

menthol menthol

p-Menthan-3-ol;an alcohol obtained from peppermint oil or other mint oils, or prepared synthetically; used as an antipruritic and topical anesthetic, in nasal sprays and inhalers, and as a flavoring agent.peppermint camphor;
camphorated m. a liquid obtained by triturating equal parts of camphor and m.; was used locally as a counterirritant and (diluted) as a spray in rhinitis and pharyngitis.

menthyl salicylate menthyl salicylate

Used as a sunscreen to filter out ultraviolet light in preparations to protect the skin from sunburn.

mentolabialis mentolabialis (men´to-la-be-a´lis)

The mentalis and depressor labii inferioris considered as one muscle. [L.]

menton menton

In cephalometrics, the lowermost point in the symphysial shadow as seen on a lateral jaw projection. [L. mentum, chin]

mentoplasty mentoplasty (men´to-plas-te)

Plastic surgery of the chin, whereby its shape or size is altered.genioplasty; [L. mentum, chin, + G. plastos, formed]

mentum mentum, gen. menti (men´tum, -tI) [NA]

chin [L.]

menyanthes menyanthes (men-yan´thez)

buckbean

mepacrine hydrochloride mepacrine hydrochloride (mep´a-kren)

quinacrine hydrochloride

mepazine acetate mepazine acetate (mep´a-zene)

10-[(1-Methyl-3-piperidyl)methyl]phenothiazine acetate;a phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of chlorpromazine. Also available as m.a. hydrochloride.

mepenzolate bromide mepenzolate bromide (me-pen´zo-lat)

N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate methyl bromide;an anticholinergic drug.

meperidine hydrochloride meperidine hydrochloride (me-per´i-den)

Ethyl 1-methyl-4-phenylisonipecotate hydrochloride;a widely used narcotic analgesic.pethidine;

mephenesin mephenesin (me-fen´e-sin)

3-o-Toloxy-1,2-propanediol;a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant; also available as m. carbamate.

mephenoxalone mephenoxalone (me-fen-ok´sa-lon)

5-[(o-Methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2-oxazolidinone;a mild tranquilizer and muscle relaxant.

mephentermine mephentermine (me-fen´ter-men)

N-a,a-trimethylphenethylamine;a sympathomimetic amine.
m. sulfate used topically as a nasal decongestant and systemically for its pressor effects in acute hypotensive states.

mephenytoin mephenytoin (me-fen´i-to-in)

5-Ethyl-3-methyl-5-phenylhydantoin;an anticonvulsant used when safer agents prove inadequate; used in drug metabolism studies.

mephitic mephitic (me-fit´ik)

Foul, poisonous, or noxious. [L. mephitis, a noxious exhalation]

mephobarbital mephobarbital (mef-o-bar´bi-tawl)

5-Ethyl-1-methyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid;used as a sedative and long-acting hypnotic, and as an anticonvulsant in the management of epilepsy; converted to phenobarbital in the body.

mepivacaine hydrochloride mepivacaine hydrochloride (me-piv´a-kan)

d-1-N-Methylpipecolic acid 2,6-dimethylanilide hydrochloride;a local anesthetic agent.

meprednisone meprednisone (me-pred´ni-son)

17,21-Dihydroxy-16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,11,20-trione;a glucocorticoid for oral use.

meprobamate meprobamate (me-pro´ba-mat)

2-Methyl-2-n-propyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate;a skeletal muscle relaxant with action similar to that produced by mephenesin but of longer duration; used in the management of certain disorders associated with abnormal motor activity, as a mild hypnotic, and as an antianxiety agent.

meptazinol meptazinol (mep-taz´I-nol)

A narcotic analgesic mixed agonist/antagonist (like pentazocine) which is about one-tenth as potent as morphine in producing analgesia. Though its abuse potential is less than that of pure agonists, the drug can precipitate an abstinence syndrome in persons dependent on opioids.

mepyramine maleate mepyramine maleate (me-pir´a-men)

pyrilamine maleate

mepyrapone mepyrapone (me-pir´a-pon)

metyrapone

mEq mEq , meq

Abbreviation for milliequivalent.

-mer -mer

1. Chemical suffix attached to a prefix such as mono-, di-, poly-, tri-, etc., to indicate the smallest unit of a repeating structure; e.g., polymer. 2. Suffix denoting a member of a particular group; e.g., isomer, enantiomer.

meralgia meralgia (me-ral´je-a)

Pain in the thigh; specifically, m. paresthetica. [G. meros, thigh, + algos, pain]
m. paraesthet´ica tingling, formication, itching, and other forms of paresthesia in the outer side of the lower part of the thigh in the area of distribution of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve; there may be pain, but the skin is usually hypesthetic to the touch.Bernhardt's disease, Bernhardt-Roth syndrome, Roth's disease, Roth-Bernhardt disease;

meralluride meralluride (mer-al´yu-rId)

N-[[2-Methoxy-3-[(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxopurin-7-yl) mercuri]propyl]carbamoyl]succinamic acid;a mercurial diuretic.

merbromin merbromin (mer-bro´min)

The disodium salt of 2,7-dibromo-4-hydroxymercurifluorescein; an organic mercurial antiseptic compound that also has staining properties similar to those of eosin and phloxine, with strong affinity for cytoplasmic structures; also used histochemically to stain protein-bound sulfhydryl and disulfide groups for bright-field and fluorescence microscopy.mercurochrome;

mercaptal mercaptal (mer-kap´tal)

A substance derived from an aldehyde by the replacement of the bivalent oxygen by two thioalkyl (-SR) groups.

mercaptan mercaptan (mer-kap´tan)

1. A class of substances in which the oxygen of an alcohol has been replaced by sulfur (e.g., cysteine).thioalcohol; 2. In dentistry, a class of elastic impression compounds sometimes referred to as rubber base materials.
methyl m. CH₃SH;formed in the intestines by bacterial action on sulfur-containing proteins and appears in urine after ingestion of asparagus (contributing to the characteristic odor); also used in the manufacture of various organic sulfur-containing pesticides and fungicides.

mercapto- mercapto-

Prefix indicating the presence of a thiol group, -SH.

mercaptoacetic acid mercaptoacetic acid (mer-kap´to-a-se´tik)

thioglycolic acid

mercaptoethanol mercaptoethanol (mer-kap´to-eth´a-nol)

SH-CH₂-CH₂-OH;a commonly used reducing agent.

beta-mercaptoethanol beta-mercaptoethanol

2-mercaptoethanol

2-mercaptoethanol 2-mercaptoethanol (mer-kap´to-eth-an-ol)

HO-CH₂-CH₂-SH;a reagent used to reduce disulfide bonds, particularly in proteins, and to prevent their formation.beta-mercaptoethanol;

mercaptol mercaptol (mer-kap´tol)

A substance derived from a ketone by the replacement of the bivalent oxygen by two thioalkyl (-SR) groups.

3-mercaptolactate 3-mercaptolactate (mer-kap´to-lak-tat)

A product of cysteine catabolism; formed by the action of lactate dehydrogenase on 3-mercaptopyruvate that was, in turn, formed by transamination of cysteine; present in normal human urine as a mixed disulfide with cysteine; elevated in the urine in individuals with mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria.

mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria

Elevated levels of the mixed disulfide of 3-mercaptolactate and cysteine in the urine.

mercaptomerin sodium mercaptomerin sodium (mer-kap-tom´e-rin, mer-kap-to-mer´in)

N-(gamma-Carboxymethylmercaptomercuri-beta-methoxy)propylcamphoramic acid disodium salt;a mercurial diuretic.

6-mercaptopurine (Shy) 6-mercaptopurine (Shy) (mer-kap-to-pur´en)

6-Purinethiol;an analogue of hypoxanthine and of adenine; an antineoplastic agent.

3-mercaptopyruvate 3-mercaptopyruvate (mer-kap´to-pI-ru-vat)

The transaminated product of cysteine; formed in cysteine catabolism; elevated in individuals with a deficiency of 3-m. sulfurtransferase.
3-m. sulfurtransferase an enzyme that is a part of the cysteine catabolic pathway; it catalyzes the conversion of 3-m. to pyruvate and H₂S; a deficiency of this enzyme will result in elevated urine concentrations of 3-m. as well as of 3-mercaptolactate, both in the form of disulfides with cysteine.

mercapturic acid mercapturic acid (mer-kap-tyur´ik)

A condensation product of l-cysteine with aromatic compounds, such as bromobenzene; formed biologically via glutathione in the liver and excreted in the urine; an S-substituted N-acetylated l-cysteine. Cf. mercapturic acid pathway.

Mercier Mercier

Louis A., French urologist, 1811-1882. See M.'s bar, sound, valve; median bar of M.

mercocresols mercocresols (mer-ko-kre´solz)

A mixture consisting of equal parts by weight of sec-amyltricresol and o-hydroxyphenylmercuric chloride; it possesses fungicidal, germicidal, and bacteriostatic action.

mercumatilin mercumatilin (mer´kyu-ma-til´in, -mat´i-lin)

8-(2´-Methoxy-3´-hydroxymercuripropyl) coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (mercumallylic acid) and theophylline;a mercurial diuretic; also available as m. sodium.

mercuramide mercuramide (mer-ku´ra-mId)

mersalyl

mercurial mercurial (mer-kyu´re-al)

1. Relating to mercury. 2. Any salt of mercury used medicinally. 3. Having the characteristic of rapid, changing moods.

mercurialentis mercurialentis (mer-kyu´re-a-len´tis)

A brown discoloration of the anterior capsule of the lens caused by mercury; early sign of mercurial poisoning.

mercurialism mercurialism (mer-kyu´re-a-lizm)

mercury poisoning

p-mercuribenzoate p-mercuribenzoate (mer-kyur-i-ben´zo-at)

A commonly used enzyme inhibitor because of its reaction with sulfhydryl groups; usually p-chloromercuribenzoate or p-hydroxymercuribenzoate is used.

mercuric mercuric (mer-kyu´rik)

Denoting a salt of mercury in which the ion of the metal is bivalent, as in corrosive sublimate, mercuric chloride, HgCl₂; the mercurous chloride is calomel, HgCl.

mercuric chloride mercuric chloride

HgCl₂;a topical antiseptic and disinfectant for inanimate objects.corrosive sublimate, mercury bichloride, mercury perchloride, corrosive mercury chloride;
ammoniated m.c. ammoniated mercury

mercuric iodide, red mercuric iodide, red

HgI₂;has been used as an antiseptic and as a disinfectant for inanimate objects.mercury biniodide, mercury deutoiodide;

mercuric oleate mercuric oleate

An ointment-like preparation used in parasitic skin diseases.

mercuric oxide, red mercuric oxide, red

The red precipitate of HgO; it has been used externally as an antiseptic in chronic skin diseases and fungus infections.red precipitate;

mercuric oxide, yellow mercuric oxide, yellow

The yellow precipitate of HgO; used externally as an antiseptic in the treatment of inflammatory conditions of the eyelids and the conjunctivae.yellow precipitate;

mercuric salicylate mercuric salicylate

A powder used externally in the treatment of parasitic and fungus skin diseases.mercury subsalicylate;

mercurochrome mercurochrome (mer-kur´o-krom)

merbromin

mercurophen mercurophen (mer-kyu´-ro-fen)

Sodium hydroxymercury-o-nitrophenolate;a local antiseptic.

mercurophylline sodium mercurophylline sodium (mer-kyur-of´i-len)

The sodium salt of beta-methoxy-gamma-hydroxymercuripropylamide of trimethylcyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, and theophylline; a mercurial diuretic.

mercurous mercurous (mer-kyu´rus, mer´kyu-rus)

Denoting a salt of mercury in which the ion of the metal is univalent, as in calomel, mercurous chloride, HgCl; the mercuric chloride is corrosive sublimate, HgCl₂.

mercurous chloride mercurous chloride

calomel

mercurous iodide mercurous iodide

HgI;used externally as an ointment in eye diseases.mercury protoiodide, yellow mercury iodide;

mercury (Hg) mercury (Hg) (mer´kyu-re)

A dense liquid metallic element, atomic no. 80, atomic wt. 200.59; used in thermometers, barometers, manometers, and other scientific instruments; some salts and organic mercurials are used medicinally; care must be followed with its handling; ¹⁹⁷Hg (half-life of 2.672 days) and ²⁰³Hg (half-life of 46.61 days) have been used in brain and renal scanning.hydrargyrum, quicksilver; [L. Mercurius, Mercury, the god of trade, messenger of the gods; in Mediev. L., quicksilver, mercury]
ammoniated m. HgNH₂Cl;used in ointment for the treatment of skin diseases.ammoniated mercuric chloride, white mercuric precipitate;
m. bichloride , m. perchloride , corrosive m. chloride mercuric chloride
m. biniodide mercuric iodide, red
m. deutoiodide mercuric iodide, red
m. protoiodide mercurous iodide
m. subsalicylate mercuric salicylate
yellow m. iodide mercurous iodide

mere- mere- , mero-

Part; also indicating one of a series of similar parts. See also -mer. [G. meros, share]

Merendino Merendino

K. Alvin, U.S. surgeon, *1914. See M.'s technique.

mereprine mereprine (mer´e-pren)

doxylamine succinate

merethoxylline procaine merethoxylline procaine (mer-e-thok´si-len)

Dehydro-2-[N-(3´-hydroxymercuri-2´-methoxyethoxy)propylcarbamoyl]phenoxyacetic acid (merethoxylline), 2-diethylaminoethyl p-aminobenzoate (procaine), and theophylline; a mixture of the procaine salt of merethoxylline and anhydrous theophylline; used as a mercurial diuretic.

meridian meridian (me-rid´-e-an)

1. A line encircling a globular body at right angles to its equator and touching both poles, or the half of such a circle extending from pole to pole. 2. In acupuncture, the lines connecting different anatomical sites.meridianus [NA]; [L. meridianus, pertaining to midday, on the south side, southern]
m. of cornea any line bisecting the cornea through its apex.
m.'s of eye lines surrounding the surface of the eyeball passing through both anterior and posterior poles.meridiani bulbi oculi [NA];

meridiani meridiani (me-rid-e-a´nI)

Plural of meridianus.

meridianus meridianus, pl. meridiani (me-rid´e-a´nus, -nI) [NA]

meridian, meridian [L.]
meridiani bul´bi oc´uli [NA] meridians of eye, under meridian

meridional meridional (me-rid´e-o-nal)

Relating to a meridian.

merispore merispore (mer´i-spor)

A secondary spore, one resulting from the segmentation of another (compound or septate) spore. [G. meros, a part, + sporos, seed]

meristematic meristematic (mer´is-te-mat´ik)

Pertaining (in fungi) to an area (meristem) of the hyphae or of other specialized structures from which new growth occurs. [G. merizein, to divide]

meristic meristic (me-ris´tik)

Symmetrical; that which can be divided evenly; denoting bilateral or longitudinal symmetry in the arrangement of parts in one organism. [G. meristikos, suitable for dividing]

Merkel Merkel

Friedrich S., German anatomist and physiologist, 1845-1919. See M. cell tumor; M.'s corpuscle, tactile cell, tactile disk.

Merkel Merkel

Karl L., German anatomist and laryngologist, 1812-1876. See M.'s filtrum ventriculi, fossa, muscle.

mero- mero-

See mere-.

meroacrania meroacrania (mer´o-a-kra´ne-a)

Congenital lack of a part of the cranium other than the occipital bone. [mero- + G. a- priv. + kranion, skull]

meroanencephaly meroanencephaly (mer´o-an-en-sef´a-le)

A type of anencephaly in which the brain and cranium are present in rudimentary form. [mero- + G. an- priv. + enkephalos, brain]

merocele merocele (mer´o-sel)

Obsolete term for femoral hernia. [G. meros, thigh, + kele, hernia]

merocrine merocrine (mer´o-krin, -krIn, -kren)

See merocrine gland. [mero- + G. krino, to separate]

merodiastolic merodiastolic (mer´o-dI-a-stol´ik)

Partially diastolic; relating to a part of the diastole of the heart. [mero- + diastole]

merogastrula merogastrula (mer´o-gas´tru-la)

The gastrula of a meroblastic ovum.

merogenesis merogenesis (mer-o-jen´e-sis)

1. Reproduction by segmentation. 2. Cleavage of an ovum. [mero- + G. genesis, origin]

merogenetic merogenetic , merogenic (mer-o-je-net´ik, -o-jen´ik)

Relating to merogenesis.

merogony merogony (me-rog´o-ne)

1. The incomplete development of an ovum that has been disorganized. 2. A form of asexual schizogony, typical of sporozoan protozoa, in which the nucleus divides several times before the cytoplasm divides; the schizont divides to form merozoites in this asexual phase of the life cycle. [mero- + G. gone, generation]

meromelia meromelia (mer-o-me´le-a)

Partial absence of a free limb (exclusive of girdle); e.g., hemimelia, phocomelia. [mero- + G. melos, a limb]

meromicrosomia meromicrosomia (mer´o-mI´kro-so´me-a)

Abnormal smallness of some portion of the body; local dwarfism. [mero- + G. mikros, small, + soma, body]

meromyosin meromyosin (mer-o-mI´o-sin)

A subunit of the tryptic digestion of myosin; two types are produced, H-m. and L-m.
H-m. one of the relatively heavy products (mol. wt. about 232,000) of the action of trypsin on myosin; it carries the ATPase activity of myosin. [H for "heavy"]
L-m. the relatively low-molecular-weight product (mol. wt. about 96,000) of the tryptic digestion of myosin. [L for "light"]

meront meront (mer´ont)

A stage in the life cycle of sporozoans in which multiple asexual fission (schizogony) occurs, resulting in production of merozoites. See also schizont.

merorachischisis merorachischisis , merorrhachischisis (mer´o-ra-kis´ki-sis)

Fissure of a portion of the spinal cord.mesorrhachischisis, rachischisis partialis; [mero- + G. rhachis, spine, + schisis, fissure]

merosmia merosmia (me-roz´me-a)

A condition in which the perception of certain odors is wanting; analogous to color blindness. [mero- + G. osme, smell]

merosporangium merosporangium (mer´o-spor-ran´-je-um)

A cylindrical small sporangium containing few spores and found in certain Zygomycetes. [G. meros, part, + sporangium]

merosystolic merosystolic (mer´o-sis-tol´ik)

Partially systolic; relating to a portion of the systole of the heart. [mero- + systole]

merotomy merotomy (me-rot´o-me)

The procedure of cutting into parts, as the cutting of a cell into separate parts to study their capacity for survival and development. [mero- + G. tome, incision]

merozoite merozoite (mer-o-zo´It)

The motile infective stage of sporozoan protozoa that results from schizogony or a similar type of asexual reproduction; e.g., endodyogeny or endopolygeny. M.'s form at the surface of schizonts, blastophores, or invaginations into schizonts, and are responsible for the vast reproductive powers of sporozoan parasites; this is seen in human malaria, where the cyclic production of m.'s produces the typical fever and chill syndrome.endodyocyte (2); [mero- + G. zoon, animal]

merozygote merozygote (me-ro-zI´got)

In microbial genetics, an organism that, in addition to its own original genome (endogenote), contains a fragment (exogenote) of a genome from another organism; the relatively small size of the exogenote permits a diploid condition for only a limited region of the endogenote. [mero- + zygotos, yoked]

merphalan merphalan (mer´fa-lan)

The racemic mixture of melphalan and medphalan; an antineoplastic agent.sarcolysine;

Merrifield Merrifield

R. Bruce, U.S. biochemist and Nobel laureate, *1921. See M. synthesis.

Merrifield knife Merrifield knife

See under knife.

Merritt Merritt

Katharine K., U.S. pediatrician, *1886. See Kasabach-M. syndrome.

mersalyl mersalyl (mer´sa-lil)

Sodium salt of (3-hydroxymercuric-2-methoxypropyl)salicylamide-O-acetic acid; a mercurial diuretic.mercuramide;
m. acid a mixture of o-carboxymethylsalicyl-(3-hydroxymercuric-2-methoxypropyl)amide and its anhydrides; same use as m.
m. theophylline m. plus theophylline added to inhibit decomposition of m.

Méry Méry

Jean, French anatomist, 1645-1722. See M.'s gland.

Merzbacher Merzbacher

Ludwig, German physician in Argentina, 1875-1942. See M.-Pelizaeus disease; Pelizaeus-M. disease.

mes- mes-

See meso-.

mesad mesad (me´zad, me´sad)

Passing or extending toward the median plane of the body or of a part.mesiad; [G. mesos, middle, + L. ad, to]

mesal mesal (me´zal, me´sal)

Rarely used term referring to the median plane of the body or a part. [G. mesos, middle]

mesalamine mesalamine (me-sal´a-men)

A salicylate used in the treatment of active mild to moderate distal ulcerative colitis, proctosigmoiditis, and proctitis.

mesameboid mesameboid (mez-a-me´boyd)

Minot´s term for a primitive, "wandering" cell derived from mesoderm, probably a hemocytoblast. [mes- + G. amoibe, change (ameba), + eidos, resemblance]

mesangial mesangial (mes-an´je-al)

Referring to the mesangium.

mesangium mesangium (mes-an´je-um)

A central part of the renal glomerulus between capillaries; mesangial cells are phagocytic and for the most part separated from capillary lumina by endothelial cells. [mes- + G. angeion, vessel]
extraglomerular m. mesangial cells that fill the triangular space between the macula densa and the afferent and efferent arterioles of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.polkissen of Zimmermann;

mesaortitis mesaortitis (mes-a-or-tI´tis)

Inflammation of the middle or muscular coat of the aorta. [mes- + aortitis]

mesareic mesareic , mesaraic (mes-a-ra´ik)

mesenteric [G. mesaraion, mesentery, fr. mesos, middle, + araia, flank, belly]

mesarteritis mesarteritis (mes-ar-ter-I´tis)

Inflammation of the middle (muscular) coat of an artery. [mes- + arteritis]

mesaticephalic mesaticephalic (me-sat´i-se-fal´ik)

mesocephalic [G. mesatos, midmost, + kephale, head]

mesatipellic mesatipellic , mesatipelvic (me-sat´i-pel´ik, -pel´vik)

Denoting an individual with a pelvic index between 90 and 95; the superior strait has a round appearance, with the transverse diameter longer than the anteroposterior by 1 cm or less. [G. mesatos, midmost, + pellis, a bowl (pelvis)]

mesaxon mesaxon (mez-ak´son, mes-)

The plasma membrane of the neurolemma that is folded in to surround a nerve axon. In electron micrographs this double layer resembles a mesentery in appearance.

mescal buttons mescal buttons (mes´kal)

The dried slices of the cactus Lophophora williamsii containing mescaline and related alkaloids.

mescaline mescaline (mes´ka-len)

3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenethylamine;the most active alkaloid present in the buttons of a small cactus, Lophophora williamsii. M. produces psychotomimetic effects similar to those produced by LSD: alteration in mood, changes in perception, reveries, visual hallucinations, delusions, depersonalization, mydriasis, hippus, and increases in body temperature and blood pressure; psychic dependence, tolerance, and cross tolerance to LSD and psilocybin develop; the principal component of peyote.

mesectic mesectic (me-sek´tik)

Obsolete term denoting a specimen of blood that has a normal percentage saturation of oxygen at any given pressure. [mes- + G. echo, to have]

mesectoderm mesectoderm (mez-ek´to-derm)

1. Cells in the area around the dorsal lip of the blastopore where mesoderm and ectoderm undergo a process of separation. 2. That part of the mesenchyme derived from ectoderm, especially from the neural crest in the cephalic region in very young embryos.ectomesenchyme; [mes- + ectoderm]

mesencephalic mesencephalic (mez-en´se-fal´ik)

Relating to the mesencephalon.

mesencephalitis mesencephalitis (mez´en-sef´a-lI´tis)

Inflammation of the midbrain (mesencephalon).

mesencephalon mesencephalon (mez-en-sef´a-lon) [NA]

That part of the brainstem developing from the middle of the three primary cerebral vesicles of the embryo (the caudal of these being the rhombencephalon or hindbrain, the rostral the prosencephalon or forebrain). In the adult, the m. is characterized by the unique conformation of its roof plate, the lamina of mesencephalic tectum, composed of the bilaterally paired superior and inferior colliculus, and by the massive paired prominence of the crus cerebri at its ventral surface. On transverse section, its patent central canal, the cerebral aqueduct, is surrounded by a prominent ring of gray matter poor in myelinated fibers; the periaqueductal gray is ventrally and laterally adjoined by the myelin-rich mesencephalic tegmentum, and covered dorsally by the lamina of mesencephalic tectum. Prominent cell groups of the m. include the motor nuclei of the trochlear and oculomotor nerves, the red nucleus, and the substantia nigra.midbrain vesicle, midbrain; [mes- + G. enkephalos, brain]

mesencephalotomy mesencephalotomy (mez´en-sef´a-lot´o-me)

1. The sectioning of any structure in the midbrain, especially of the spinothalamic tracts for the relief of intractable pain or the cerebral peduncle for dyskinesias. 2. A mesencephalic spinothalamic tractotomy. [mesencephalon + G. tome, incision]

mesenchyma mesenchyma (me-seng´ki-ma, me-zeng´)

mesenchyme

mesenchymal mesenchymal (me-seng´ki-mal, mez-eng-kI´mal)

Relating to the mesenchyme.

mesenchyme mesenchyme (mez´en-kIm)

1. An aggregation of mesenchymal cells. 2. Primordial embryonic connective tissue consisting of mesenchymal cells, usually stellate in form, supported in interlaminar jelly.mesenchyma; [mes- + G. enkyma, infusion]
interzonal m. an area of avascular m. between adjacent skeletal elements in the embryo; it denotes the region of future joints.
synovial m. vascular m. surrounding the interzonal m.; it develops into the synovial membrane of a joint.

mesenchymoma mesenchymoma (mez´en-kI-mo´ma)

A neoplasm in which there is a mixture of mesenchymal derivatives, other than fibrous tissue. A benign m. may contain foci of vascular, muscular, adipose, osteoid, osseous, and cartilaginous tissue; such neoplasms are sometimes classed under a compounded name, e.g., angioleiomyolipoma, and the like, but the broader term may be preferred. A malignant m. may also occur as a similar mixture of two or more types of mesenchymal cells that are malignant (other than fibrous tissue cells).

mesenteric mesenteric (mez-en-ter´ik)

Relating to the mesentery.mesareic, mesaraic;

mesenteriolum mesenteriolum (mez-en-ter-e´o-lum)

A small mesentery, as one of an intestinal diverticulum.mesoenteriolum; [Mod. L. dim. of mesenterium, mesentery]
m. proces´sus vermifor´mis mesoappendix

mesenteriopexy mesenteriopexy (mes´en-ter-e-o-pek´se)

Fixation or attachment of a torn or incised mesentery.mesopexy; [mesentery + G. pexis, fixation]

mesenteriorrhaphy mesenteriorrhaphy (mez´en-ter-e-or´a-fe)

Suture of the mesentery.mesorrhaphy; [mesentery + G. rhaphe, suture]

mesenteriplication mesenteriplication (mez´en-ter-i-pli-ka´shun)

Reducing redundancy of a mesentery by making one or more tucks in it. [mesentery + L. plico, pp. -atus, to fold]

mesenteritis mesenteritis (mez´en-ter-I´tis)

Inflammation of the mesentery.

mesenterium mesenterium (mez´en-ter´e-um) [NA]

mesentery, mesentery [Mod. L.]
m. dorsa´le commu´ne mesentery (2)

mesenteron mesenteron (mez-en´ter-on)

The midportion of the insect alimentary canal and site of digestion; the m. may possess anterior finger-like projections, the gastric ceca, and a tubular anterior midgut, followed posteriorly by the saccular ventriculus, or stomach. [mes- + G. enteron, intestine]

mesentery mesentery (mes´en-ter-e)

1. A double layer of peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall and enclosing in its fold a portion or all of one of the abdominal viscera, conveying to it its vessels and nerves. 2. The fan-shaped fold of peritoneum encircling the greater part of the small intestines (jejunum and ileum) and attaching it to the posterior abdominal wall at the root of the m. (radix mesenterii).mesenterium dorsale commune, mesostenium; mesenterium [NA]; [Mod. L. mesenterium, fr. G. mesenterion, fr. G. mesos, middle, + enteron, intestine]
m. of appendix mesoappendix
m. of cecum mesocecum
m. of lung mesopneumonium
m. of sigmoid colon See mesocolon.
m. of transverse colon See mesocolon.
urogenital m. diaphragmatic ligament of the mesonephros

meshwork meshwork

See network.
trabecular m. trabecular reticulum

mesiad mesiad (me´ze-ad, mes´e-ad)

mesad

mesial mesial (me´ze-al, mes´e-al)

Toward the median plane following the curvature of the dental arch, in contrast to distal (2) .proximal (2); [G. mesos, middle]

mesio- mesio-

Mesial (especially in dentistry). [G. mesos, middle]

mesiobuccal mesiobuccal (me´ze-o-buk´al)

Relating to the mesial and buccal surfaces of a tooth; denoting especially the angle formed by the junction of these two surfaces.

mesiobucco-occlusal mesiobucco-occlusal (me´ze-o-buk´o-o-klu´sal)

Relating to the angle formed by the junction of the mesial, buccal, and occlusal surfaces of a bicuspid or molar tooth.

mesiobuccopulpal mesiobuccopulpal (me´ze-o-buk´o-pul´pal)

Relating to the angle denoting the junction of mesial, buccal and pulpal surfaces in a tooth cavity preparation.

mesiocervical mesiocervical (me´ze-o-ser´vi-kal)

1. Relating to the line angle of a cavity preparation at the junction of the mesial and cervical walls. 2. Pertaining to the area of a tooth at the junction of the mesial surface and the cervical region.

mesioclusion mesioclusion (me´ze-o-klu´zhun)

A malocclusion in which the mandibular arch articulates with the maxillary arch in a position mesial to normal; in Angle's classification, a Class III malocclusion.mesial occlusion (2);

mesiodens mesiodens (me´ze-o-denz)

A supernumerary tooth located in the midline of the anterior maxillae, between the maxillary central incisor teeth. [mesio- + L. dens, tooth]

mesiodistal mesiodistal (me´ze-o-dis´tal)

Denoting the plane or diameter of a tooth cutting its mesial and distal surfaces.

mesiodistocclusal (MOD) mesiodistocclusal (MOD) (me´ze-o-dist´o-klu´sal, -zal)

Denoting three-surface cavity or cavity preparation or restoration (class 2, Black classification) in the premolars (bicuspids) and molars.

mesiogingival mesiogingival (me´ze-o-jin´ji-val)

Relating to the angle formed by the junction of the mesial surface with the gingival line of a tooth.

mesiognathic mesiognathic (me´ze-o-nath´ik)

Denoting malposition of one or both jaws forward from their normal position.

mesioincisal mesioincisal (me´ze-o-in-sI´sal, -zal)

Relating to the mesial and incisal surfaces of a tooth; denoting the angle formed by their junction.

mesiolabial mesiolabial (me´ze-o-la´be-al)

Relating to the mesial and labial surfaces of a tooth; denoting especially the angle formed by their junction.

mesiolingual mesiolingual (me´ze-o-ling´gwal)

Relating to the mesial and lingual surfaces of a tooth; denoting especially the angle formed by their junction.

mesiolinguo-occlusal mesiolinguo-occlusal (me´ze-o-ling´gwo-o-klu´sal, -zal)

Denoting the angle formed by the junction of the mesial, lingual, and occlusal surfaces of a bicuspid or molar tooth.

mesiolinguopulpal mesiolinguopulpal (me´ze-o-ling´gwo-pul´pal)

Relating to the angle denoting the junction of the mesial, lingual, and pulpal surfaces in a tooth cavity preparation.

mesio-occlusal mesio-occlusal (me´ze-o-o-klu´sal, -zal)

Denoting the angle formed by the junction of the mesial and occlusal surfaces of a bicuspid or molar tooth.

mesio-occlusion mesio-occlusion (me´ze-o-o-klu´zhun)

mesial occlusion (1)

mesioplacement mesioplacement (me´ze-o-plas´ment)

mesioversion

mesiopulpal mesiopulpal (me´ze-o-pul´pal)

Pertaining to the inner wall or floor of a cavity preparation on the mesial side of a tooth.

mesioversion mesioversion (me´ze-o-ver-zhun)

Malposition of a tooth mesial to normal, in an anterior direction following the curvature of the dental arch.mesial displacement, mesioplacement;

Mesmer Mesmer

F. A., Austrian physician, 1733-1815. See mesmerism.

mesmerism mesmerism (mes´mer-izm)

A system of therapeutics from which were developed hypnotism and therapeutic suggestion. [F.A. Mesmer, Austrian physician, 1734-1815]

mesmerize mesmerize (mes´mer-Iz)

Obsolete term for hypnotize. [see mesmerism]

meso- meso- , mes-

1. Middle, mean, intermediacy. 2. A mesentery, mesentery-like structure. 3. A prefix denoting a compound, containing more than one chiral center, having an internal plane of symmetry; such compounds do not exhibit optical activity (e.g., meso-cystine). [G. mesos]

mesoappendix mesoappendix (mez´o-a-pen´diks) [NA]

The short mesentery of the appendix lying behind the terminal ileum, in which the appendicular artery courses.mesenteriolum processus vermiformis, mesentery of appendix;

mesoarium mesoarium (mez-o-ar´e-um)

mesovarium

mesobilane mesobilane (mez-o-bI´lan)

A reduced mesobilirubin with no double bonds between the pyrrole rings and, consequently, colorless. See also bilirubinoids.mesobilirubinogen, urobilinogen IXa;

mesobilene mesobilene , mesobilene- (mez-o-bI´len)

A bilirubinoid. See urobilin.urobilin IX-a;

mesobilirubin mesobilirubin (mez´o-bil-i-ru´bin)

A compound differing from bilirubin only in that the vinyl groups of bilirubin are reduced to ethyl groups. See also bilirubinoids.

mesobilirubinogen mesobilirubinogen (mez´o-bil-i-ru-bin´o-jen)

mesobilane

mesobiliviolin mesobiliviolin (mez´o-bil-i-vI-o´lin)

A bilirubinoid.

mesoblast mesoblast (mez´o-blast)

mesoderm [meso- + G. blastos, germ]

mesoblastema mesoblastema (mez´o-blas-te´ma)

All the cells collectively which constitute the early undifferentiated mesoderm. [meso- + G. blastema, a sprout]

mesoblastemic mesoblastemic (mez´o-blas-te´mik)

Relating to or derived from the mesoblastema.

mesoblastic mesoblastic (mez´o-blas´tik)

Relating to or derived from the mesoderm.

mesocardia mesocardia (mez´o-kar´de-a)

1. Atypical position of the heart in a central position in the chest, as in early embryonic life. 2. Plural of mesocardium. [meso- + G. kardia, heart]

mesocardium mesocardium, pl. mesocardia (mez-o-kar´de-um)

The double layer of splanchnic mesoderm supporting the embryonic heart in the pericardial cavity. It disappears before birth. [meso- + G. kardia, heart]
dorsal m. the part of the m. dorsal to the embryonic heart; it breaks down to form the transverse sinus of the pericardium.
ventral m. the part of the m. ventral to the embryonic cardiac tube; transitory in all vertebrates; in the higher mammals, it breaks through as soon as its component layers of epicardium make contact with each other.

mesocarpal mesocarpal (mez´o-kar´pal)

midcarpal

mesocecal mesocecal (mez´o-se´kal)

Relating to the mesocecum.

mesocecum mesocecum (mez´o-se´kum)

Part of the mesocolon, supporting the cecum, that occasionally persists when the ascending colon becomes retroperitoneal during fetal life.mesentery of cecum; [meso- + cecum]

mesocephalic mesocephalic (mez´o-se-fal´ik)

Having a head of medium length; denoting a skull with a cephalic index between 75 and 80 and with a capacity of 1350 to 1450 ml, or an individual with such a skull.mesaticephalic, mesocephalous, normocephalic; [meso- + G. kephale, head]

mesocephalous mesocephalous (mez´o-sef´a-lus)

mesocephalic

mesocolic mesocolic (mez´o-kol´ik)

Relating to the mesocolon.

mesocolon mesocolon (mez´o-ko´lon) [NA]

The fold of peritoneum attaching the colon to the posterior abdominal wall; ascending m. (m. ascendens [NA]), transverse m. (m. transversum [NA]), descending m. (m. descendens [NA]), and sigmoid m. (m. sigmoideum [NA]) correspond to the respective divisions of the colon; the ascending and descending portions are usually fused to the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall, but can be mobilized. [meso- + kolon, colon]

meromelia meromelia (mer-o-me´le-a)

Partial absence of a free limb (exclusive of girdle); e.g., hemimelia, phocomelia. [mero- + G. melos, a limb]

meromicrosomia meromicrosomia (mer´o-mI´kro-so´me-a)

Abnormal smallness of some portion of the body; local dwarfism. [mero- + G. mikros, small, + soma, body]

meromyosin meromyosin (mer-o-mI´o-sin)

A subunit of the tryptic digestion of myosin; two types are produced, H-m. and L-m.
H-m. one of the relatively heavy products (mol. wt. about 232,000) of the action of trypsin on myosin; it carries the ATPase activity of myosin. [H for "heavy"]
L-m. the relatively low-molecular-weight product (mol. wt. about 96,000) of the tryptic digestion of myosin. [L for "light"]

meront meront (mer´ont)

A stage in the life cycle of sporozoans in which multiple asexual fission (schizogony) occurs, resulting in production of merozoites. See also schizont.

merorachischisis merorachischisis , merorrhachischisis (mer´o-ra-kis´ki-sis)

Fissure of a portion of the spinal cord.mesorrhachischisis, rachischisis partialis; [mero- + G. rhachis, spine, + schisis, fissure]

merosmia merosmia (me-roz´me-a)

A condition in which the perception of certain odors is wanting; analogous to color blindness. [mero- + G. osme, smell]

merosporangium merosporangium (mer´o-spor-ran´-je-um)

A cylindrical small sporangium containing few spores and found in certain Zygomycetes. [G. meros, part, + sporangium]

merosystolic merosystolic (mer´o-sis-tol´ik)

Partially systolic; relating to a portion of the systole of the heart. [mero- + systole]

merotomy merotomy (me-rot´o-me)

The procedure of cutting into parts, as the cutting of a cell into separate parts to study their capacity for survival and development. [mero- + G. tome, incision]

merozoite merozoite (mer-o-zo´It)

The motile infective stage of sporozoan protozoa that results from schizogony or a similar type of asexual reproduction; e.g., endodyogeny or endopolygeny. M.'s form at the surface of schizonts, blastophores, or invaginations into schizonts, and are responsible for the vast reproductive powers of sporozoan parasites; this is seen in human malaria, where the cyclic production of m.'s produces the typical fever and chill syndrome.endodyocyte (2); [mero- + G. zoon, animal]

merozygote merozygote (me-ro-zI´got)

In microbial genetics, an organism that, in addition to its own original genome (endogenote), contains a fragment (exogenote) of a genome from another organism; the relatively small size of the exogenote permits a diploid condition for only a limited region of the endogenote. [mero- + zygotos, yoked]

merphalan merphalan (mer´fa-lan)

The racemic mixture of melphalan and medphalan; an antineoplastic agent.sarcolysine;

Merrifield Merrifield

R. Bruce, U.S. biochemist and Nobel laureate, *1921. See M. synthesis.

Merrifield knife Merrifield knife

See under knife.

Merritt Merritt

Katharine K., U.S. pediatrician, *1886. See Kasabach-M. syndrome.

mersalyl mersalyl (mer´sa-lil)

Sodium salt of (3-hydroxymercuric-2-methoxypropyl)salicylamide-O-acetic acid; a mercurial diuretic.mercuramide;
m. acid a mixture of o-carboxymethylsalicyl-(3-hydroxymercuric-2-methoxypropyl)amide and its anhydrides; same use as m.
m. theophylline m. plus theophylline added to inhibit decomposition of m.

Méry Méry

Jean, French anatomist, 1645-1722. See M.'s gland.

Merzbacher Merzbacher

Ludwig, German physician in Argentina, 1875-1942. See M.-Pelizaeus disease; Pelizaeus-M. disease.

mes- mes-

See meso-.

mesad mesad (me´zad, me´sad)

Passing or extending toward the median plane of the body or of a part.mesiad; [G. mesos, middle, + L. ad, to]

mesal mesal (me´zal, me´sal)

Rarely used term referring to the median plane of the body or a part. [G. mesos, middle]

mesalamine mesalamine (me-sal´a-men)

A salicylate used in the treatment of active mild to moderate distal ulcerative colitis, proctosigmoiditis, and proctitis.

mesameboid mesameboid (mez-a-me´boyd)

Minot´s term for a primitive, "wandering" cell derived from mesoderm, probably a hemocytoblast. [mes- + G. amoibe, change (ameba), + eidos, resemblance]

mesangial mesangial (mes-an´je-al)

Referring to the mesangium.

mesangium mesangium (mes-an´je-um)

A central part of the renal glomerulus between capillaries; mesangial cells are phagocytic and for the most part separated from capillary lumina by endothelial cells. [mes- + G. angeion, vessel]
extraglomerular m. mesangial cells that fill the triangular space between the macula densa and the afferent and efferent arterioles of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.polkissen of Zimmermann;

mesaortitis mesaortitis (mes-a-or-tI´tis)

Inflammation of the middle or muscular coat of the aorta. [mes- + aortitis]

mesareic mesareic , mesaraic (mes-a-ra´ik)

mesenteric [G. mesaraion, mesentery, fr. mesos, middle, + araia, flank, belly]

mesarteritis mesarteritis (mes-ar-ter-I´tis)

Inflammation of the middle (muscular) coat of an artery. [mes- + arteritis]

mesaticephalic mesaticephalic (me-sat´i-se-fal´ik)

mesocephalic [G. mesatos, midmost, + kephale, head]

mesatipellic mesatipellic , mesatipelvic (me-sat´i-pel´ik, -pel´vik)

Denoting an individual with a pelvic index between 90 and 95; the superior strait has a round appearance, with the transverse diameter longer than the anteroposterior by 1 cm or less. [G. mesatos, midmost, + pellis, a bowl (pelvis)]

mesaxon mesaxon (mez-ak´son, mes-)

The plasma membrane of the neurolemma that is folded in to surround a nerve axon. In electron micrographs this double layer resembles a mesentery in appearance.

mescal buttons mescal buttons (mes´kal)

The dried slices of the cactus Lophophora williamsii containing mescaline and related alkaloids.

mescaline mescaline (mes´ka-len)

3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenethylamine;the most active alkaloid present in the buttons of a small cactus, Lophophora williamsii. M. produces psychotomimetic effects similar to those produced by LSD: alteration in mood, changes in perception, reveries, visual hallucinations, delusions, depersonalization, mydriasis, hippus, and increases in body temperature and blood pressure; psychic dependence, tolerance, and cross tolerance to LSD and psilocybin develop; the principal component of peyote.

mesectic mesectic (me-sek´tik)

Obsolete term denoting a specimen of blood that has a normal percentage saturation of oxygen at any given pressure. [mes- + G. echo, to have]

mesectoderm mesectoderm (mez-ek´to-derm)

1. Cells in the area around the dorsal lip of the blastopore where mesoderm and ectoderm undergo a process of separation. 2. That part of the mesenchyme derived from ectoderm, especially from the neural crest in the cephalic region in very young embryos.ectomesenchyme; [mes- + ectoderm]

mesencephalic mesencephalic (mez-en´se-fal´ik)

Relating to the mesencephalon.

mesencephalitis mesencephalitis (mez´en-sef´a-lI´tis)

Inflammation of the midbrain (mesencephalon).

mesencephalon mesencephalon (mez-en-sef´a-lon) [NA]

That part of the brainstem developing from the middle of the three primary cerebral vesicles of the embryo (the caudal of these being the rhombencephalon or hindbrain, the rostral the prosencephalon or forebrain). In the adult, the m. is characterized by the unique conformation of its roof plate, the lamina of mesencephalic tectum, composed of the bilaterally paired superior and inferior colliculus, and by the massive paired prominence of the crus cerebri at its ventral surface. On transverse section, its patent central canal, the cerebral aqueduct, is surrounded by a prominent ring of gray matter poor in myelinated fibers; the periaqueductal gray is ventrally and laterally adjoined by the myelin-rich mesencephalic tegmentum, and covered dorsally by the lamina of mesencephalic tectum. Prominent cell groups of the m. include the motor nuclei of the trochlear and oculomotor nerves, the red nucleus, and the substantia nigra.midbrain vesicle, midbrain; [mes- + G. enkephalos, brain]

mesencephalotomy mesencephalotomy (mez´en-sef´a-lot´o-me)

1. The sectioning of any structure in the midbrain, especially of the spinothalamic tracts for the relief of intractable pain or the cerebral peduncle for dyskinesias. 2. A mesencephalic spinothalamic tractotomy. [mesencephalon + G. tome, incision]

mesenchyma mesenchyma (me-seng´ki-ma, me-zeng´)

mesenchyme

mesenchymal mesenchymal (me-seng´ki-mal, mez-eng-kI´mal)

Relating to the mesenchyme.

mesenchyme mesenchyme (mez´en-kIm)

1. An aggregation of mesenchymal cells. 2. Primordial embryonic connective tissue consisting of mesenchymal cells, usually stellate in form, supported in interlaminar jelly.mesenchyma; [mes- + G. enkyma, infusion]
interzonal m. an area of avascular m. between adjacent skeletal elements in the embryo; it denotes the region of future joints.
synovial m. vascular m. surrounding the interzonal m.; it develops into the synovial membrane of a joint.

mesenchymoma mesenchymoma (mez´en-kI-mo´ma)

A neoplasm in which there is a mixture of mesenchymal derivatives, other than fibrous tissue. A benign m. may contain foci of vascular, muscular, adipose, osteoid, osseous, and cartilaginous tissue; such neoplasms are sometimes classed under a compounded name, e.g., angioleiomyolipoma, and the like, but the broader term may be preferred. A malignant m. may also occur as a similar mixture of two or more types of mesenchymal cells that are malignant (other than fibrous tissue cells).

mesenteric mesenteric (mez-en-ter´ik)

Relating to the mesentery.mesareic, mesaraic;

mesenteriolum mesenteriolum (mez-en-ter-e´o-lum)

A small mesentery, as one of an intestinal diverticulum.mesoenteriolum; [Mod. L. dim. of mesenterium, mesentery]
m. proces´sus vermifor´mis mesoappendix

mesenteriopexy mesenteriopexy (mes´en-ter-e-o-pek´se)

Fixation or attachment of a torn or incised mesentery.mesopexy; [mesentery + G. pexis, fixation]

mesenteriorrhaphy mesenteriorrhaphy (mez´en-ter-e-or´a-fe)

Suture of the mesentery.mesorrhaphy; [mesentery + G. rhaphe, suture]

mesenteriplication mesenteriplication (mez´en-ter-i-pli-ka´shun)

Reducing redundancy of a mesentery by making one or more tucks in it. [mesentery + L. plico, pp. -atus, to fold]

mesenteritis mesenteritis (mez´en-ter-I´tis)

Inflammation of the mesentery.

mesenterium mesenterium (mez´en-ter´e-um) [NA]

mesentery, mesentery [Mod. L.]
m. dorsa´le commu´ne mesentery (2)

mesenteron mesenteron (mez-en´ter-on)

The midportion of the insect alimentary canal and site of digestion; the m. may possess anterior finger-like projections, the gastric ceca, and a tubular anterior midgut, followed posteriorly by the saccular ventriculus, or stomach. [mes- + G. enteron, intestine]

mesentery mesentery (mes´en-ter-e)

1. A double layer of peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall and enclosing in its fold a portion or all of one of the abdominal viscera, conveying to it its vessels and nerves. 2. The fan-shaped fold of peritoneum encircling the greater part of the small intestines (jejunum and ileum) and attaching it to the posterior abdominal wall at the root of the m. (radix mesenterii).mesenterium dorsale commune, mesostenium; mesenterium [NA]; [Mod. L. mesenterium, fr. G. mesenterion, fr. G. mesos, middle, + enteron, intestine]
m. of appendix mesoappendix
m. of cecum mesocecum
m. of lung mesopneumonium
m. of sigmoid colon See mesocolon.
m. of transverse colon See mesocolon.
urogenital m. diaphragmatic ligament of the mesonephros

meshwork meshwork

See network.
trabecular m. trabecular reticulum

mesiad mesiad (me´ze-ad, mes´e-ad)

mesad

mesial mesial (me´ze-al, mes´e-al)

Toward the median plane following the curvature of the dental arch, in contrast to distal (2) .proximal (2); [G. mesos, middle]

mesio- mesio-

Mesial (especially in dentistry). [G. mesos, middle]

mesiobuccal mesiobuccal (me´ze-o-buk´al)

Relating to the mesial and buccal surfaces of a tooth; denoting especially the angle formed by the junction of these two surfaces.

mesiobucco-occlusal mesiobucco-occlusal (me´ze-o-buk´o-o-klu´sal)

Relating to the angle formed by the junction of the mesial, buccal, and occlusal surfaces of a bicuspid or molar tooth.

mesiobuccopulpal mesiobuccopulpal (me´ze-o-buk´o-pul´pal)

Relating to the angle denoting the junction of mesial, buccal and pulpal surfaces in a tooth cavity preparation.

mesiocervical mesiocervical (me´ze-o-ser´vi-kal)

1. Relating to the line angle of a cavity preparation at the junction of the mesial and cervical walls. 2. Pertaining to the area of a tooth at the junction of the mesial surface and the cervical region.

mesioclusion mesioclusion (me´ze-o-klu´zhun)

A malocclusion in which the mandibular arch articulates with the maxillary arch in a position mesial to normal; in Angle's classification, a Class III malocclusion.mesial occlusion (2);

mesiodens mesiodens (me´ze-o-denz)

A supernumerary tooth located in the midline of the anterior maxillae, between the maxillary central incisor teeth. [mesio- + L. dens, tooth]

mesiodistal mesiodistal (me´ze-o-dis´tal)

Denoting the plane or diameter of a tooth cutting its mesial and distal surfaces.

mesiodistocclusal (MOD) mesiodistocclusal (MOD) (me´ze-o-dist´o-klu´sal, -zal)

Denoting three-surface cavity or cavity preparation or restoration (class 2, Black classification) in the premolars (bicuspids) and molars.

mesiogingival mesiogingival (me´ze-o-jin´ji-val)

Relating to the angle formed by the junction of the mesial surface with the gingival line of a tooth.

mesiognathic mesiognathic (me´ze-o-nath´ik)

Denoting malposition of one or both jaws forward from their normal position.

mesioincisal mesioincisal (me´ze-o-in-sI´sal, -zal)

Relating to the mesial and incisal surfaces of a tooth; denoting the angle formed by their junction.

mesiolabial mesiolabial (me´ze-o-la´be-al)

Relating to the mesial and labial surfaces of a tooth; denoting especially the angle formed by their junction.

mesiolingual mesiolingual (me´ze-o-ling´gwal)

Relating to the mesial and lingual surfaces of a tooth; denoting especially the angle formed by their junction.

mesiolinguo-occlusal mesiolinguo-occlusal (me´ze-o-ling´gwo-o-klu´sal, -zal)

Denoting the angle formed by the junction of the mesial, lingual, and occlusal surfaces of a bicuspid or molar tooth.

mesiolinguopulpal mesiolinguopulpal (me´ze-o-ling´gwo-pul´pal)

Relating to the angle denoting the junction of the mesial, lingual, and pulpal surfaces in a tooth cavity preparation.

mesio-occlusal mesio-occlusal (me´ze-o-o-klu´sal, -zal)

Denoting the angle formed by the junction of the mesial and occlusal surfaces of a bicuspid or molar tooth.

mesio-occlusion mesio-occlusion (me´ze-o-o-klu´zhun)

mesial occlusion (1)

mesioplacement mesioplacement (me´ze-o-plas´ment)

mesioversion

mesiopulpal mesiopulpal (me´ze-o-pul´pal)

Pertaining to the inner wall or floor of a cavity preparation on the mesial side of a tooth.

mesioversion mesioversion (me´ze-o-ver-zhun)

Malposition of a tooth mesial to normal, in an anterior direction following the curvature of the dental arch.mesial displacement, mesioplacement;

Mesmer Mesmer

F. A., Austrian physician, 1733-1815. See mesmerism.

mesmerism mesmerism (mes´mer-izm)

A system of therapeutics from which were developed hypnotism and therapeutic suggestion. [F.A. Mesmer, Austrian physician, 1734-1815]

mesmerize mesmerize (mes´mer-Iz)

Obsolete term for hypnotize. [see mesmerism]

meso- meso- , mes-

1. Middle, mean, intermediacy. 2. A mesentery, mesentery-like structure. 3. A prefix denoting a compound, containing more than one chiral center, having an internal plane of symmetry; such compounds do not exhibit optical activity (e.g., meso-cystine). [G. mesos]

mesoappendix mesoappendix (mez´o-a-pen´diks) [NA]

The short mesentery of the appendix lying behind the terminal ileum, in which the appendicular artery courses.mesenteriolum processus vermiformis, mesentery of appendix;

mesoarium mesoarium (mez-o-ar´e-um)

mesovarium

mesobilane mesobilane (mez-o-bI´lan)

A reduced mesobilirubin with no double bonds between the pyrrole rings and, consequently, colorless. See also bilirubinoids.mesobilirubinogen, urobilinogen IXa;

mesobilene mesobilene , mesobilene- (mez-o-bI´len)

A bilirubinoid. See urobilin.urobilin IX-a;

mesobilirubin mesobilirubin (mez´o-bil-i-ru´bin)

A compound differing from bilirubin only in that the vinyl groups of bilirubin are reduced to ethyl groups. See also bilirubinoids.

mesobilirubinogen mesobilirubinogen (mez´o-bil-i-ru-bin´o-jen)

mesobilane

mesobiliviolin mesobiliviolin (mez´o-bil-i-vI-o´lin)

A bilirubinoid.

mesoblast mesoblast (mez´o-blast)

mesoderm [meso- + G. blastos, germ]

mesoblastema mesoblastema (mez´o-blas-te´ma)

All the cells collectively which constitute the early undifferentiated mesoderm. [meso- + G. blastema, a sprout]

mesoblastemic mesoblastemic (mez´o-blas-te´mik)

Relating to or derived from the mesoblastema.

mesoblastic mesoblastic (mez´o-blas´tik)

Relating to or derived from the mesoderm.

mesocardia mesocardia (mez´o-kar´de-a)

1. Atypical position of the heart in a central position in the chest, as in early embryonic life. 2. Plural of mesocardium. [meso- + G. kardia, heart]

mesocardium mesocardium, pl. mesocardia (mez-o-kar´de-um)

The double layer of splanchnic mesoderm supporting the embryonic heart in the pericardial cavity. It disappears before birth. [meso- + G. kardia, heart]
dorsal m. the part of the m. dorsal to the embryonic heart; it breaks down to form the transverse sinus of the pericardium.
ventral m. the part of the m. ventral to the embryonic cardiac tube; transitory in all vertebrates; in the higher mammals, it breaks through as soon as its component layers of epicardium make contact with each other.

mesocarpal mesocarpal (mez´o-kar´pal)

midcarpal

mesocecal mesocecal (mez´o-se´kal)

Relating to the mesocecum.

mesocecum mesocecum (mez´o-se´kum)

Part of the mesocolon, supporting the cecum, that occasionally persists when the ascending colon becomes retroperitoneal during fetal life.mesentery of cecum; [meso- + cecum]

mesocephalic mesocephalic (mez´o-se-fal´ik)

Having a head of medium length; denoting a skull with a cephalic index between 75 and 80 and with a capacity of 1350 to 1450 ml, or an individual with such a skull.mesaticephalic, mesocephalous, normocephalic; [meso- + G. kephale, head]

mesocephalous mesocephalous (mez´o-sef´a-lus)

mesocephalic

mesocolic mesocolic (mez´o-kol´ik)

Relating to the mesocolon.

mesocolon mesocolon (mez´o-ko´lon) [NA]

The fold of peritoneum attaching the colon to the posterior abdominal wall; ascending m. (m. ascendens [NA]), transverse m. (m. transversum [NA]), descending m. (m. descendens [NA]), and sigmoid m. (m. sigmoideum [NA]) correspond to the respective divisions of the colon; the ascending and descending portions are usually fused to the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall, but can be mobilized. [meso- + kolon, colon]

mesocolopexy mesocolopexy (mez´o-ko´lo-pek-se)

An operation for shortening the mesocolon, for correction of undue mobility and ptosis.mesocoloplication; [meso- + G. kolon, colon, + pexis, fixation]

mesocoloplication mesocoloplication (mes´o-ko´lo-pli-ka´shun)

mesocolopexy [meso- + G. kolon, colon, + L. plico, pp. -atus, to fold]

mesocord mesocord (mez´o-kord)

A fold of amnion that sometimes binds a segment of the umbilical cord to the placenta.

mesocuneiform mesocuneiform (mez-o-ku´ne-i-form)

intermediate cuneiform bone

mesoderm mesoderm (mez´o-derm)

The middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo (the others being ectoderm and endoderm); m. is the origin of all connective tissues, all body musculature, blood, cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, most of the urogenital system, and the lining of the pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities.mesoblast; [meso- + G. derma, skin]
branchial m. m. surrounding the primitive stomodeum and pharynx; it develops into the pharyngeal arches.
extraembryonic m. extraembryonic ectoderm cells or tissues which, though derived from the zygote, are not part of the embryo proper and along with the m. form the fetal membranes (e.g., amnion).primary m;
gastral m. m. in lower vertebrates formed by constriction from the roof of the archenteron or yolk sac.
intermediate m. a continuous band of m. between the segmented paraxial m. medially and the lateral plate m. laterally; from it develops the nephrogenic cord.
intraembryonic m. m. derived from the primitive streak and lying between the ectoderm and endoderm.secondary m;
lateral m. lateral plate m
lateral plate m. the peripheral thinned-out portion of intraembryonic m. which is continuous with the extraembryonic m. beyond the margins of the embryonic disk; in it develops the intraembryonic celom.lateral m;
paraxial m. a thickened mass lying at either side of the midline embryonic notochord; on segmentation, it forms the paired somites.
primary m. extraembryonic m
prostomial m. m. that arises in lower vertebrates by continued proliferation at the lateral lips of the blastopore.
secondary m. intraembryonic m
somatic m. the m. adjacent to the ectoderm in the early embryo, after foundation of the intraembryonic celom.
somitic m. m. derived from cells situated in or derived from somites.
splanchnic m. the layer of lateral plate m. adjacent to the endoderm.
visceral m. the splanchnic m. or the branchial m.

mesodermal mesodermal (mez-o-der´mal)

Pertaining to the mesoderm.

mesodermic mesodermic (mez-o-der´mik)

Relating to the mesoderm.

mesodiastolic mesodiastolic (mez-o-dI-a-stol´ik)

Middiastolic.

mesodont mesodont (mez´o-dont)

Having teeth of medium size; denoting a skull with a dental index between 42 and 43.9. [meso- + G. odous, tooth]

mesoduodenal mesoduodenal (mez´o-du-o-de´nal)

Relating to the mesoduodenum.

mesoduodenum mesoduodenum (mez´o-du´o-de´num, -du-od´e-num)

The mesentery of the duodenum.

mesoenteriolum mesoenteriolum (mes´o-en-ter-e´o-lum)

mesenteriolum

mesoepididymis mesoepididymis (mez-o-ep-i-did´i-mis)

An occasional fold of the tunica vaginalis binding the epididymis to the testis. [meso- + epididymis]

mesogaster mesogaster (mez-o-gas´ter)

mesogastrium

mesogastric mesogastric (mez-o-gas´trik)

Relating to the mesogastrium.

mesogastrium mesogastrium (mez-o-gas´tre-um)

In the embryo, the mesentery of the dilated portion of the enteric canal that is the future stomach; it gives rise to the greater omentum and consequently is involved in the formation of the omental bursa. The spleen and body of the pancreas develop within it, and thus the splenorenal and gastrosplenic ligaments are derivatives of the (dorsal) mesogastrium.dorsal m., mesogaster; [meso- + G. gaster stomach]
dorsal m. mesogastrium
ventral m. the primitive midline mesentery extending between the future stomach and proximal duodenum and the anterior abdominal wall superior to the umbilicus (umbilical vein). The liver develops within it, and consequently, the lesser omentum, coronary and falciform ligaments are derivatives of it. The umbilical vein runs in its caudal free edge, becoming the postnatal round ligament of the liver.
ventral m. the primitive midline mesentery extending between future stomach and proximal duodenum and the anterior abdominal wall superior to the umbilicus (umbilical vein). The liver develops within it, and consequently the lesser omentum, coronary and falciform ligaments are derivatives of it. The umbilical vein runs in its caudal free edge, becoming the postnatal round ligament of the liver.

mesogenic mesogenic (mez-o-jen´ik)

Denoting the virulence of a virus capable of inducing lethal infection in embryonic hosts, after a short incubation period, and an inapparent infection in immature and adult hosts; used in characterizing Newcastle disease virus, particularly strains used in parenteral vaccination of chickens. [meso- + G. -gen, producing]

mesoglia mesoglia (me-sog´le-a)

Neuroglial cells of mesodermal origin. See also microglia.mesoglial cells; [meso- + G. glia, glue]

mesogluteal mesogluteal (mez´o-glu´te-al)

Relating to the musculus gluteus medius.

mesogluteus mesogluteus (mez´o-glu-te´us)

gluteus medius muscle

mesognathic mesognathic (mez-o-nath´ik, -og-nath´ik)

1. Relating to the mesognathion. 2. mesognathous

mesognathion mesognathion (mez´o-na´the-on, -og-na´the-on, nath´e-on)

The lateral segment of the premaxillary or incisive bone external to the endognathion. [meso- + G. gnathos, jaw]

mesognathous mesognathous (me-zog´na-thus)

Having a face with slightly projecting jaw, one with a gnathic index from 98 to 103.mesognathic (2);

mesoileum mesoileum (mez-o-il´e-um)

The mesentery of the ileum.

mesojejunum mesojejunum (mez´o-je-ju´num)

The mesentery of the jejunum.

mesolepidoma mesolepidoma (mes´o-lep´i-do´ma)

A neoplasm derived from the persistent embryonic mesothelium. [meso- + G. lepis, rind, + -oma, tumor]

mesolobus mesolobus (me-sol´o-bus)

Obsolete term for corpus callosum. [meso- + L. lobus, lobe]

mesolymphocyte mesolymphocyte (mez-o-lim´fo-sIt)

A mononuclear leukocyte of medium size, probably a lymphocyte, with a deeply staining nucleus of large size but relatively smaller than that in most lymphocytes. [meso- + lymphocyte]

mesomelia mesomelia (mez-o-me´le-a)

The condition of having abnormally short forearms and lower legs. [meso- + G. melos, limb]

mesomelic mesomelic (mez-o-me´lik)

Pertaining to the middle segment of a limb.

mesomere mesomere (mez´o-mer)

1. A blastomere of a size intermediate between a macromere and a micromere. 2. The zone between an epimere and a hypomere. [meso- + G. meros, part]

mesomeric mesomeric (mez-o-mer´ik)

Pertaining to mesomerism.

mesomerism mesomerism (me-som´er-izm)

Displacement of electrons within a molecule in such a way as to create fractional charges on different parts of the molecule.

mesometritis mesometritis (mez´o-me-trI´tis)

myometritis [meso- + G. metra, uterus, + -itis, inflammation]

mesometrium mesometrium (mez´o-me´tre-um) [NA]

The broad ligament of the uterus, below the mesosalpinx. [meso- + G. metra, uterus]

mesomorph mesomorph (mez´o-morf)

A constitutional body type or build (biotype or somatotype) in which tissues that originate from the mesoderm prevail; from the morphological standpoint, there is a balance between trunk and limbs. See also hypermorph, hypomorph, ectomorph, endomorph.mediotype; [meso- + G. morphe, form]

mesomorphic mesomorphic (mez-o-morf´ik)

Relating to mesomorphs.

meson meson (mez´on, me´zon, mes´on)

An elementary particle having a rest mass intermediate in value between the mass of an electron and that of a proton. [G. neuter of mesos, middle]

mesonephric mesonephric (mez-o-nef´rik)

Relating to the mesonephros.

mesonephroi mesonephroi (mez´o-nef´roy)

Plural of mesonephros.

mesonephroma mesonephroma (mez´o-ne-fro´ma)

A relatively rare malignant neoplasm of the ovary and corpus uteri, thought to originate in mesonephric structures that become misplaced in ovarian tissue during embryonic development; characterized by a tubular pattern, with focal proliferation of epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm or of the hob-nail type; so-called glomeruloid structures are reported, i.e., small convolutions or tufts of tiny tubate formations with capillaries extending into the spaces.mesometanephric carcinoma, mesonephric adenocarcinoma, mesonephroid tumor, wolffian duct carcinoma; [mesonephros + -oma, tumor]

mesonephros mesonephros, pl. mesonephroi (mez´o-nef´ros, -roy) [NA]

One of three excretory organs appearing in the evolution of vertebrates; in life forms with a metanephros, the m. is located between the regressing pronephros and the metanephros, cephalic to the latter. In young mammalian embryos, the m. is well developed and briefly functional until establishment of the metanephros, the definitive kidney; in older embryos, the m. undergoes regression as an excretory organ, but its duct system is retained in the male as the epididymis and ductus deferens.middle kidney, wolffian body; [meso- + G. nephros, kidney]

mesoneuritis mesoneuritis (mez´o-nu-rI´tis)

Inflammation of a nerve or of its connective tissue without involvement of its sheath.
nodular m. inflammation of the connective tissue beneath the nerve sheath, with the formation of circumscribed fibrous thickenings.

meso-ontomorph meso-ontomorph (mez-o-on´to-morf)

A broad, stocky individual. [meso- + G. on, being, + morphe, form]

mesopexy mesopexy (mez´o-pek-se)

mesenteriopexy

mesophil mesophil , mesophile (mez´o-fil, -fIl)

A microorganism with an optimum temperature between 25°C and 40°C, but growing within the limits of 10°C and 45°C. [meso- + G. philos, fond]

mesophilic mesophilic (mez´o-fil´ik)

Pertaining to a mesophil.

mesophlebitis mesophlebitis (mez´o-fle-bI´tis)

Inflammation of the middle coat of a vein. [meso- + phlebitis]

mesophragma mesophragma (mez-o-frag´ma)

M line [meso- + G. phragma, a fence]

mesophryon mesophryon (mez-of´ri-on)

glabella (2) [meso- + Gr. ophrys, eyebrow]

mesopic mesopic (me-zo´pik)

Pertaining to illumination between the photopic and scotopic ranges. [meso- + G. opsis, vision]

mesopneumonium mesopneumonium (mez´o-noo-mo´ne-um)

The reflection of pleura surrounding the root of the lung (including the pulmonary ligament inferiorly) as parietal pleura becomes continuous with the visceral pleura of the lung.mesentery of lung;

mesoporphyrins mesoporphyrins (mez-o-por´fi-rinz)

Porphyrin compounds resembling the protoporphyrins except that the vinyl side chains of the latter are reduced to ethyl side chains; e.g., mesobilane.

mesoprosopic mesoprosopic (mez´o-pro-sop´ik)

Having a face of moderate width, i.e., with a facial index of about 90. [meso- + G. prosopon, face]

mesopulmonum mesopulmonum (mez-o-pul´mon-um)

The mesentery of the embryonic lung. [meso- + L. pulmo, lung]

mesorchial mesorchial (mez-or´ke-al)

Relating to the mesorchium.

mesorchium mesorchium (mez-or´ke-um)

1. In the fetus, a fold of tunica vaginalis testis supporting the mesonephros and the developing testis. 2. In the adult, a fold of tunica vaginalis testis between the testis and epididymis. [meso- + G. orchis, testis]

mesorectum mesorectum (mez´o-rek´tum)

The peritoneal investment of the rectum, covering the upper part only.

mesoridazine besylate mesoridazine besylate (mez-o-rid´a-zen)

10-[2-(1-Methyl-2-piperidyl)ethyl]-2-(methylsulfinyl)phenothiazone;a biotransformation product of thioridazine; an antipsychotic.

mesorrhachischisis mesorrhachischisis (mez´o-ra-kis´ki-sis)

merorachischisis

mesorrhaphy mesorrhaphy (mez-or´a-fe)

mesenteriorrhaphy

mesorrhine mesorrhine (mez´o-rin)

Having a nose of moderate width. Denoting a skull with a nasal index from 47 to 51 (Frankfort agreement) or 48 to 53 (Broca). [meso- + G. rhis (rhin-), nose]

mesosalpinx mesosalpinx (mez´o-sal´pinks) [NA]

The part of the broad ligament investing the uterine (fallopian) tube. [meso- + G. salpinx, trumpet]

mesoscope mesoscope (mez´o-skop)

An instrument for viewing objects that are larger than microscopic but cannot be seen distinctly with the naked eye. [meso- + G. skopeo, to view]

mesoseme mesoseme (mez´o-sem)

Denoting an orbital aperture with an index between 84 and 89; characteristic of the white race. [meso- + G. sema, sign]

mesosigmoid mesosigmoid (mez´o-sig´moyd)

Sigmoid mesocolon. See mesocolon.

mesosigmoiditis mesosigmoiditis (mes´o-sig-moy-dI´tis)

Inflammation of the mesosigmoid.

mesosigmoidopexy mesosigmoidopexy (mez-o-sig-moy´do-pek-se)

Surgical fixation of the mesosigmoid.

mesosomatous mesosomatous (mez´o-so´ma-tus)

Denoting a person of medium height.

mesosome mesosome (mes´osom)

A convoluted membranous body formed by involution of the plasma membranes of certain bacteria; it functions in cellular respiration and septum formation. [meso + G. soma, body]

mesosomia mesosomia (mez´o-so´me-a)

Medium height. [meso- + G. soma, body]

mesostenium mesostenium (mez´o-ste´ne-um)

mesentery (2)

mesosternum mesosternum (mez´o-ster´num)

body of sternum [meso- + G. sternon, chest]

mesosyphilis mesosyphilis (mez-o-sif´i-lis)

secondary syphilis

mesosystolic mesosystolic (mez´o-sis-tol´ik)

Midsystolic.

mesotarsal mesotarsal (mez´o-tar´sal)

midtarsal

mesotendineum mesotendineum (mez´o-ten-din´e-um) [NA]

mesotendon

mesotendon mesotendon (mez´o-ten´don)

The synovial layers that pass from a tendon to the wall of a tendon sheath in certain places where tendons lie within osteofibrous canals. In most instances, the m. degenerates, leaving only the vinculae.mesotendineum [NA];

mesothelia mesothelia (mez-o-the´le-a)

Plural of mesothelium.

mesothelial mesothelial (mez-o-the´le-al)

Relating to the mesothelium.

mesothelioma mesothelioma (mez´o-the-le-o´ma)

A rare neoplasm derived from the lining cells of the pleura and peritoneum which grows as a thick sheet covering the viscera, and is composed of spindle cells or fibrous tissue which may enclose glandlike spaces lined by cuboidal cells. [mesothelium + G. -oma, tumor]
benign m. solitary fibrous tumor
benign m. of genital tract adenomatoid tumor

mesothelium mesothelium, pl. mesothelia (mez-o-the´le-um, -le-a)

A single layer of flattened cells forming an epithelium that lines serous cavities; e.g., peritoneum, pleura, pericardium. [meso- + epithelium]

mesothorium mesothorium (mez´o-thor´e-um)

The first two disintegration products of thorium; mesothorium 1 is ²²⁸Ra, a beta emitter with a half-life of 6.7 years, decaying into mesothorium 2, which is ²²⁸Ac, a beta emitter with a half-life of 6.13 hr, which disintegrates to radiothorium (²²⁸Th).

mesotropic mesotropic (mez´o-trop´ik)

Turned toward the median plane. [meso- + G. trope, a turning]

mesouranic mesouranic (mes´o-yu-ran´ik)

Having a palatal index between 110 and 115.mesuranic; [meso- + G. ouranos, palate]

mesovarium mesovarium, pl. mesovaria (mez´o-va´re-um, -a) [NA]

A short peritoneal fold connecting the anterior border of the ovary with the posterior layer of the broad ligament of the uterus.mesoarium; [meso- + L. ovarium, ovary]

Mesozoa Mesozoa (mez-o-zo´a)

A small phylum of about 50 species of parasites of marine invertebrates with complex life cycles. M. are classified with the Metazoa, but they are regarded by some observers as intermediate between unicellular and multicellular animals; others consider them a degenerate group of flatworms. M. are divided into two very distinct orders, the Orthonectida and Dicyemida; the latter are nephridial parasites of squids, octopods, and cuttlefish. [meso- + G. zoon, animal]

messenger messenger (mes´en-jer)

1. That which carries a message. 2. Having message-carrying properties.
first m. a hormone that binds to a receptor on the surface cell and, in so doing, communicates with intracellular metabolic processes.
second m. an intermediary molecule that is generated as a consequence of hormone-receptor interaction; e.g., see adenosine 3´,5´-cyclic monophosphate; guanosine 3´,5´-cyclic monophosphate; calcium; inositide.

messenger RNA (mRNA) messenger RNA (mRNA)

See under ribonucleic acid.

mestanolone mestanolone (mes-tan´o-lon)

17beta-Hydroxy-17-methyl-5a-androstan-3-one;an androgenic steroid with anabolic properties.

mestenediol mestenediol (mes-ten´dI-ol)

methandriol

mestranol mestranol (mes´tra-nol)

3-Methoxy-19-nor-17a-pregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yn-17 -ol;the 3-methyl ether of ethynyl estradiol; an estrogen used in many oral contraceptive preparations.

mesulphen mesulphen (me-sul´fen)

2-7-Dimethylthianthrene;a topical scabicide with antipruritic properties.

mesuranic mesuranic (mez´yu-ran´ik)

mesouranic

MET MET

Abbreviation for metabolic equivalent.

Met Met

Symbol for methionine or its radicals in peptides.

meta- meta-

1. In medicine and biology, a prefix denoting the concept of after, subsequent to, behind, or hindmost. Cf. post-. 2. In chemistry, an italicized prefix denoting joint, action sharing. 3. (m-) In chemistry, an italicized prefix denoting compound formed by two substitutions in the benzene ring separated by one carbon atom, i.e., linked to the first and third, second and fourth, etc., carbon atoms of the ring. For terms beginning with meta-, or m-, see the specific name. [G. after, between, over]

meta-analysis meta-analysis (met´a-a-nal´i-sis)

The process of using statistical methods to combine the results of different studies; systematic, organized, and structured evaluation of a problem using information, commonly in the form of statistical tables, etc., from a number of different studies of the problem.

metabasis metabasis (me-tab´a-sis)

Rarely used term for a change of any kind in symptoms or course of a disease. [G. a passing over, change, fr. metabaino, to pass over]

metabiosis metabiosis (met´a-bI-o´sis)

Dependence of one organism on another for its existence. See also commensalism, mutualism, parasitism. [meta- + G. biosis, way of life]

metabolic metabolic (met-a-bol´ik)

Relating to metabolism.

metabolimeter metabolimeter (met´a-bo-lim´e-ter)

A modified calorimeter for measuring the rate of basal metabolism.

metabolin metabolin (me-tab´o-lin)

metabolite

metabolism metabolism (me-tab´o-lizm)

1. The sum of the chemical and physical changes occurring in tissue, consisting of anabolism, those reactions that convert small molecules into large, and catabolism, those reactions that convert large molecules into small, including both endogenous large molecules as well as biodegradation of xenobiotics. 2. Often incorrectly used as a synonym for either anabolism or catabolism. [G. metabole, change]
basal m. oxygen utilization of an individual during minimal physiologic activity while awake; an obsolete test determined by measuring oxygen consumption of a fasting subject at complete bodily and mental rest and a room temperature of 20°C.basal metabolic rate;
carbohydrate m. oxidation, breakdown, and synthesis of carbohydrates in the tissues.
electrolyte m. the chemical changes that various essential minerals (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) undergo in the tissues.
energy m. those metabolic reactions whose role is to release or to provide energy.
fat m. oxidation, decomposition, and synthesis of fats in the tissues.
inborn error of m. a genetic biochemical disorder of a specific enzyme that forms a metabolic block, e.g., phenylketonuria.
intermediary m. the sum of all metabolic reactions between uptake of foodstuffs and formation of excretory products.
oxidative m. ventilation (2)
primary m. metabolic processes central to most cells; e.g., biosynthesis of macromolecules, energy production, turnover, etc.
protein m. decomposition and synthesis of protein in the tissues.proteometabolism;
respiratory m. the exchange of respiratory gases in the lungs, oxidation of foodstuffs in the tissues, and production of carbon dioxide and water.
secondary m. metabolic processes in which substances (such as pigments, alkaloids, terpenes, etc.) are only synthesized in certain types of tissues or cells or are only synthesized under certain conditions.

metabolite metabolite (me-tab´o-lIt)

Any product (foodstuff, intermediate, waste product) of metabolism, especially of catabolism.metabolin;
primary m. a m. synthesized in a step in primary metabolism.
secondary m. a m. synthesized in a step in secondary metabolism.

metabolize metabolize (me-tab´o-lIz)

To undergo the chemical changes of metabolism.

metacarpal metacarpal (met´a-kar´pal)

1. Relating to the metacarpus. 2. Any one of the metacarpal bones (I-V). See metacarpal bone.

metacarpectomy metacarpectomy (met´a-kar-pek´to-me)

Excision of one or all of the metacarpals. [metacarpus + G. ektome, excision]

metacarpophalangeal metacarpophalangeal (met´a-kar´po-fa-lan´je-al)

Relating to the metacarpus and the phalanges; denoting the articulations between them.

metacarpus metacarpus, pl. metacarpi (met´a-kar´pus, -kar´pI) [NA]

The five bones of the hand between the carpus and the phalanges. [meta- + G. karpos, wrist]

metacentric metacentric (met-a-sen´trik)

Having the centromere about equidistant from the extremities, said of a chromosome. [meta- + G. kentron, circle]

metacercaria metacercaria, pl. metacercariae (met´a-ser-kar´e-a, -e)

The post-cercarial encysted stage in the life history of a fluke, prior to transfer to the definitive host. Some cercariae attach themselves to grass or other vegetation, form m., and later are ingested by herbivores, as in Fasciola and similar forms; others encyst in muscles of fish, as in Clonorchis, or in crayfish, as in Paragonimus. [meta- + G. kerkos, tail]

metacestode metacestode (met-a-ses´tod)

The larval stages of a tapeworm, including the metamorphosis of the oncosphere to the first evidence of sexuality in the adult worm, differentiation of the scolex, and beginning of proglottid formation; it includes the procercoid and plerocercoid stages of pseudophyllid cestodes, and the cysticercus, cysticercoid, coenurus, and hydatid stages of cyclophyllidean cestodes.

metachloral metachloral (met-a-klo´ral)

m-chloral

metachromasia metachromasia (met´a-kro-ma´ze-a)

1. The condition in which a cell or tissue component takes on a color different from the dye solution with which it is stained.metachromatism (2); 2. A change in the characteristic color of certain basic thiazine dyes, such as toluidine blue, when the dye molecules are bound in proximate array to tissue polyanionic polymers, such as glycosaminoglycans. [meta- + G. chroma, color]

metachromatic metachromatic (met´a-kro-mat´ik)

Denoting cells or dyes that exhibit metachromasia.metachromophil, metachromophile;

metachromatism metachromatism (met-a-kro´ma-tizm)

1. Any color change, whether natural or produced by basic aniline dyes. 2. metachromasia (1) [meta- + G. chroma, color]

metachroming metachroming (met´a-kro´ming)

The process of mixing a metal mordant with a dye before applying the dye to a tissue or fabric.

metachromophil metachromophil , metachromophile (met-a-kro´mo-fil, -fIl)

metachromatic [meta- + G. chroma, color, + philos, fond]

metachronous metachronous (me-tak´ro-nus)

Not synchronous; multiple separate occurrences, such as multiple primary cancers developing at intervals. [meta- + G. chronos, time]

metachrosis metachrosis (met-a-kro´sis)

A change of color, such as occurs in certain animals, e.g., the chameleon, by expansion and contraction of chromatophores. [meta- + G. chrosis, a coloring]

metacone metacone (met´a-kon)

The distobuccal cusp of an upper molar tooth. [meta- + G. konos, cone]

metaconid metaconid (met-a-kon´id, -ko´nid)

The mesolingual cusp of a lower molar tooth.

metacontrast metacontrast (met-a-kon´trast)

Inhibition of the brightness of illumination when an adjacent visual field is illuminated.

metaconule metaconule (met-a-kon´yul)

The distal intermediate cusp of an upper molar tooth. [meta- + G. konos, a cone]

metacresol metacresol (met-a-kre´sol)

m-cresol

metacryptozoite metacryptozoite (met´a-krip-to-zo´It)

The exoerythrocytic stage that develops from merozoites formed by the first, or cryptozoite, generation; the cryptozoite and metacryptozoite generations comprise the primary exoerythrocytic stages of malaria development (prepatent period) prior to infection of red blood cells. [meta- + G. kryptos, hidden, + zoon, animal]

metacyesis metacyesis (met-a-sI-e´sis)

ectopic pregnancy [meta- + G. kyesis, pregnancy]

metadysentery metadysentery (met-a-dis´en-tar-e)

Old term for bacillary dysentery.

Metagonimus Metagonimus (met-a-gon´i-mus)

A genus of flukes (superfamily Heterophypoidea) that encyst on fish and infect various fish-eating animals, including humans. M. yokogawai, an intestinal fluke widely distributed in the Far East and the Balkans and one of the smallest (1-2.5 mm) flukes infecting humans, is passed from Semisulcospira snails to cyprinoid fish and then to man and other fish-eating mammals and birds. [meta- + G. gonimos, productive]

metaicteric metaicteric (met-a-ik´ter-ik)

Occurring as a sequel of jaundice. [meta- + G. ikterikos, jaundiced]

metainfective metainfective (met´a-in-fek´tiv)

Occurring subsequent to an infection; denoting specifically a febrile condition sometimes observed during convalescence from an infectious disease.

metakinesis metakinesis , metakinesia (met´a-ki-ne´sis, -ki-ne´se-a)

Moving apart; the separation of the two chromatids of each chromosome and their movement to opposite poles in the anaphase of mitosis. [meta- + G. kinesis, movement]

metal metal (met´al)

One of the electropositive elements, either amphoteric or basic, usually characterized by properties such as luster, malleability, ductility, the ability to conduct electricity, and the tendency to lose rather than gain electrons in chemicals. [L. metallum, a mine, a mineral, fr. G. metallon, a mine, pit]
alkali m. an alkali of the family Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr, all of which have highly ionized hydroxides.alkali (3);
alkali earth m. See alkaline earth elements, under element.
Babbitt m. an alloy of antimony, copper, and tin; used occasionally in dentistry.
base m. , basic m. a m. that is readily oxidized; e.g., iron, copper.
colloidal m. a colloidal solution of a m. obtained by passing electric sparks between terminals of the m. in distilled water.electrosol;
d'Arcet's m. an alloy of lead, bismuth, and tin; used in dentistry.
fusible m. a m. with a low melting point.
heavy m. a m. with a high specific gravity, typically larger than 5; e.g., Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn, V.
light m. a m. with a specific gravity of less than 4.
noble m. a m. that cannot be oxidized by heat alone, nor readily dissolved by acid; e.g., gold, platinum.noble element (1);
rare earth m. See lanthanides.
respiratory m. a m. present in certain respiratory pigments; e.g., iron, manganese, copper, vanadium.

metaldehyde metaldehyde (met-al´de-hId)

A polymer of acetaldehyde. [meta- + aldehyde]

metallic metallic (me-tal´ik)

Relating to, composed of, or resembling metal.

metallo- metallo-

Metal, metallic. [see metal]

metallocyanide metallocyanide (me-tal-o-sI´a-nId)

A compound of cyanogen with a metal forming an ionic radical that combines with a basic element to form a salt; e.g., potassium ferricyanide, K₃Fe(CN)₆.

metalloenzyme metalloenzyme (me-tal-o-en´zIm)

An enzyme containing a metal (ion) as an integral part of its active structure; e.g., cytochromes (Fe, Cu), aldehyde oxidase (Mo), catechol oxidase (Cu), carbonic anhydrase (Zn).

metalloflavodehydrogenase metalloflavodehydrogenase (me-tal´o-fla´vo-de-hI´dro-jen-as)

A type of oxidizing enzyme, containing one of the flavin nucleotides as coenzyme, plus a metal ion that is also necessary to the action; the metal may be Fe (as in succinate dehydrogenase), Cu (as in urate oxidase), or Mo (as in xanthine oxidase).

metalloflavoenzyme metalloflavoenzyme (me-tal´o-fla-vo-en´zIm)

An enzyme that contains one of the flavin nucleotides and at least one metal ion as a required part of its active structure.

metalloflavoprotein metalloflavoprotein (me-tal´o-fla´vo-pro-ten)

A protein containing a flavin entity and at least one metal ion.

metalloid metalloid (met´a-loyd)

Resembling a metal in at least one amphoteric form; e.g., silicon and germanium as semiconductors. [metal + G. eidos, resemblance]

metallophilia metallophilia (me-tal´o-fil´e-a)

Affinity for metal salts; e.g., the affinity of the cytoplasm of cells of the reticuloendothelial system for silver carbonate stain and salts of gold and iron. [metallo- + G. philos, fond]

metallophobia metallophobia (me-tal-o-fo´be-a)

Morbid fear of metal objects. [G. metallon, metal, + phobos, fear]

metalloporphyrin metalloporphyrin (me-tal-o-por´fi-rin)

A combination of a porphyrin with a metal, e.g., Fe (hematin), Mg (as in chlorophyll), Cu (in hemocyanin), Zn.

metalloprotein metalloprotein (me-tal-o-pro´ten)

A protein with a tightly bound metal ion or ions; e.g., hemoglobin.

metalloscopy metalloscopy (met-a-los´ko-pe)

Testing the action of various metals applied to the surface of the body. [metallo- + G. skopeo, to examine]

metallothionein metallothionein (me-tal-o-thI´o-nen)

Name proposed for a small protein, rich in cysteinyl residues, that is synthesized in the liver and kidney in response to the presence of divalent ions (zinc, mercury, cadmium, copper, etc.) and that binds these ions tightly; of importance in ion transport and detoxification; the apoprotein is thionein.

metaluetic metaluetic (met´a-lu-et´ik)

1. metasyphilitic (1) 2. metasyphilitic (2) 3. parasyphilitic [meta- + L. lues, pestilence]

metamer metamer (met´a-mer)

An entity that is similar to, but ultimately differentiable from, another entity. [meta- + -mer]

metamere metamere (met´a-mer)

One of a series of homologous segments in the body. See also somite. [meta- + G. meros, part]

metameric metameric (met-a-mer´ik)

Relating to or showing metamerism, or occurring in a metamere.

metamerism metamerism (me-tam´er-izm)

1. A type of anatomic structure exhibiting serially homologous metameres; in primitive forms, such as the annelids, the metameres are almost alike in structure; in vertebrates, specialization in the cephalic region masks the underlying m., which is still clearly evident in serially repeated vertebrae, ribs, intercostal muscles, and spinal nerves, and in young vertebrate embryos. 2. In chemistry, rarely used synonym for isomerism.

metamorphopsia metamorphopsia (met´a-mor-fop´se-a)

Distortion of visual images. [meta- + G. morphe, shape, + opsis, vision]

metamorphosis metamorphosis (met-a-mor´fo-sis, -mor-fo´sis)

1. A change in form, structure, or function. 2. Transition from one developmental stage to another.allaxis, transformation (1); [G. metamorphasos, transformation fr. meta, beyond, over, + morphe, form]
complete m. insect development from egg, through successive larval instars, pupa, and adult; the latter is distinct from the first two forms of the insect, permitting specialization of feeding (larval) and reproductive-flying functions (adult); characteristic of the higher insect orders, such as Coleoptera (beetles), Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants), Diptera (two-winged flies), and Siphonaptera (fleas).holometabolous m;
fatty m. the appearance of microscopically visible droplets of fat in the cytoplasm of cells. See also fatty degeneration.fatty change;
heterometabolous m. incomplete m
holometabolous m. complete m
incomplete m. the development of a nymph into the imago which in many respects resembles the former; characteristic of more primitive insect orders, such as Heteroptera (true bugs), Orthoptera (locusts, grasshoppers), and Blatterria (roaches).heterometabolous m;
retrograde m. degeneration (3) 1. cataplasia

metamorphotic metamorphotic (met´a-mor-fot´ik)

Relating to or marked by metamorphosis.

metamyelocyte metamyelocyte (met-a-mI´el-o-sIt)

A transitional form of myelocyte with nuclear construction that is intermediate between the mature myelocyte (myelocyte C of Sabin) and the two-lobed granular leukocyte.juvenile cell; [meta- + G. myelos, marrow, + kytos, cell]

metanephric metanephric (met-a-nef´rik)

Of or pertaining to the metanephron.

metanephrine metanephrine (met-a-nef´rin)

3-O-Methylepinephrine;a catabolite of epinephrine found, together with normetanephrine, in the urine and in some tissues, resulting from the action of catechol-O-methyltransferase on epinephrine; has no sympathomimetic actions.

metanephrogenic metanephrogenic , metanephrogenous (met´a-nef-ro-jen´ik, -ne-froj´e-nus)

Applied to the more caudal part of the intermediate mesoderm which, under the inductive action of the metanephric diverticulum, has the potency to form metanephric tubules. [meta- + G. nephros, kidney, + -gen, producing]

metanephros metanephros, pl. metanephroi (met-a-nef´ros, -roy)

The most caudally located of the three excretory organs appearing in the evolution of the vertebrates (the others being the pronephros and the mesonephros); in mammalian embryos, the m. develops caudal to the mesonephros during its regression, becoming the permanent kidney.hind kidney; [meta- + G. nephros, kidney]

metaneutrophil metaneutrophil , metaneutrophile (met-a-nu´tro-fil, -fIl)

Not staining true with neutral dyes. [meta- + L. neuter, neither, + G. philos, fond]

metanil yellow metanil yellow (met´a-nil) [C.I. 13065]

A monoazo acid dye, C₁₈H₁₄N₃O₃SNa, used as a cytoplasmic and connective tissue stain.

metaphase metaphase (met´a-fas)

The stage of mitosis or meiosis in which the chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell separating the centromeres. In mitosis and in the second meiotic division, the centromeres of each chromosome divide and the two daughter centromeres are directed toward opposite poles of the cell; in the first division of meiosis, the centromeres do not divide but the centromeres of each pair of homologous chromosomes become directed toward opposite poles. [meta- + G. phasis, an appearance]

metaphosphoric acid metaphosphoric acid (met´a-fos-for´ik)

glacial phosphoric acid

metaphysial metaphysial , metaphyseal (met-a-fiz´e-al)

Relating to a metaphysis.

metaphysis metaphysis, pl. metaphyses (me-taf´i-sis, -sez) [NA]

A conical section of bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones. [meta- + G. physis, growth]

metaphysitis metaphysitis (me-taf´i-sI´tis)

Inflammation of the metaphysis.

metaplasia metaplasia (met-a-pla´ze-a)

Abnormal transformation of an adult, fully differentiated tissue of one kind into a differentiated tissue of another kind; an acquired condition, in contrast to heteroplasia.metaplasis (2); [G. metaplasis, transformation]
agnogenic myeloid m. primary myeloid m
apocrine m. alteration of acinar epithelium of breast tissue to resemble apocrine sweat glands; seen commonly in fibrocystic disease of the breasts.
autoparenchymatous m. m. occurring in the parenchymal cells proper to the tissue.
coelomic m. potential of coelomic epithelium to differentiate into several different histologic cell types.
intestinal m. the transformation of mucosa, particularly in the stomach, into glandular mucosa resembling that of the intestines, although usually lacking villi.
myeloid m. a syndrome characterized by anemia, enlargement of the spleen, nucleated red blood cells and immature granulocytes in the circulating blood, and conspicuous foci of extramedullary hemopoiesis in the spleen and liver; may develop in the course of polycythemia rubra vera; there is a high incidence of development of myeloid leukemia.
primary myeloid m. myeloid m. occurring as the primary condition, often in association with myelofibrosis.agnogenic myeloid m;
secondary myeloid m. myeloid m. occurring in individuals with another disease.symptomatic myeloid m;
squamous m. the transformation of glandular or mucosal epithelium into stratified squamous epithelium.epidermalization;
squamous m. of amnion amnion nodosum
symptomatic myeloid m. secondary myeloid m

metaplasis metaplasis (me-tap´la-sis)

1. E.H. Haeckel's term for the stage of completed growth or development of the individual. 2. metaplasia [G. a transformation]

metaplasm metaplasm (met´a-plazm)

cell inclusions (1), under inclusion [meta- + G. plasma, something formed]

metaplastic metaplastic (met-a-plas´tik)

Pertaining to metaplasia or metaplasis.

metaplexus metaplexus (met´a-plek´sus)

The choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle of the brain. [meta- + L. plexus, an interweaving]

metapophysis metapophysis (met´a-pof´i-sis)

mamillary process [meta- + G. apophysis, a process]

metapore metapore (met´a-por)

Rarely used term for apertura mediana ventriculi quarti. [meta- + G. poros, pore]

metaprotein metaprotein (met-a-pro´ten)

Nondescript term for a derived protein obtained by the action of acids or alkalies, soluble in weak acids or alkalies but insoluble in neutral solutions; e.g., albuminate.

metaproterenol sulfate metaproterenol sulfate (met´a-pro-ter´e-nol)

3,5-Dihydroxy-a-[(isopropylamino)methyl]benzyl alcohol sulfate;a sympathomimetic bronchodilator used for the treatment of bronchial asthma and in chronic obstructive lung disease. It has relatively greater effect on beta₂-adrenergic receptors than beta₁, conferring some selectivity in relaxing bronchiolar smooth muscle as compared with cardiac stimulation.orciprenaline sulfate;

metapsychology metapsychology (met´a-sI-kol´o-je)

1. A systematic attempt to discern and describe what lies beyond the empirical facts and laws of psychology, such as the relations between body and mind, or concerning the place of the mind in the universe. 2. In psychoanalysis, or psychoanalytic m., psychology concerning the fundamental assumptions of the freudian theory of the mind, which entail five points of view: 1) dynamic, concerning psychologic forces; 2) economic, concerning psychologic energy; 3) structural, concerning psychologic configurations; 4) genetic, concerning psychologic origins; 5) adaptive, concerning psychologic relations with the environment. [G. meta, beyond, transcending, + psychology]

metapyretic metapyretic (met´a-pI-ret´ik)

postfebrile [meta- + G. pyretos, fever]

metapyrocatechase metapyrocatechase (met´a-pI-ro-kat´e-kas)

catechol 2,3-dioxygenase

metaraminol bitartrate metaraminol bitartrate (met-a-ram´i-nol)

l-a-(1-Aminoethyl)-m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol hydrogen d-tartrate;a potent sympathomimetic amine used for the elevation and maintenance of blood pressure in acute hypotensive states and topically as a nasal decongestant.

metarhodopsin metarhodopsin

(met-a-ro-dop´sin) A light-activated form of rhodopsin; m. I is formed from lumirhodopsin and is converted to m. II; m. II is the form of rhodopsin that releases all-trans-retinal.

metarteriole metarteriole (met´ar-ter´e-ol)

One of the small peripheral blood vessels between the arterioles and the true capillaries that contain scattered groups of smooth muscle fibers in their walls. [meta- + arteriole]

metarubricyte metarubricyte (met-a-ru´bri-sIt)

Orthochromatic normoblast. See normoblast.
pernicious anemia type m. orthochromatic megaloblast. See megaloblast.

metastable metastable (met´a-sta-bl)

1. Of uncertain stability; in a condition to pass into another phase when slightly disturbed; e.g., water, when cooled below the freezing point may remain liquid but will at once congeal if a piece of ice is added. 2. Denoting the excited condition of the nucleus of a radionuclide isomer that reaches a lower energy state by the process of isomeric transition decay without changing its atomic number or weight; e.g., _{99m 43Tc} -> _{99 43}Tc + gamma. [meta- + L. stabilis, stable]

metastasis metastasis, pl. metastases (me-tas´ta-sis, -sez)

1. The shifting of a disease or its local manifestations, from one part of the body to another, as in mumps when the symptoms referable to the parotid gland subside and the testis becomes affected. 2. The spread of a disease process from one part of the body to another, as in the appearance of neoplasms in parts of the body remote from the site of the primary tumor; results from dissemination of tumor cells by the lymphatics or blood vessels or by direct extension through serous cavities or subarachnoid or other spaces. 3. Transportation of bacteria from one part of the body to another, through the bloodstream (hematogenous m.) or through lymph channels (lymphogenous m.).secondaries (1); [G. a removing, fr. meta, in the midst of, + stasis, a placing]
biochemical m. the transportation and induction of abnormal immunochemical specificities in apparently normal organs.
calcareous m. the deposit of calcareous material in remote tissues in the event of extensive resorption of osseous tissue in caries, malignant neoplasms, and so on.
hematogenous m. See metastasis.
lymphogenous m. See metastasis.
pulsating metastases metastases to bone, usually from hypernephromas, but occasionally from thyroid tumors; may have expansile pulsation and a continuous bruit.
satellite m. m. within the immediate vicinity of a primary malignant neoplasm; e.g., skin adjacent to a melanoma.

metastasize metastasize (me-tas´ta-sIz)

To pass into or invade by metastasis.

metastatic metastatic (met-a-stat´ik)

Relating to metastasis.

metasternum metasternum (met´a-ster´num)

xiphoid process

metastrongyle metastrongyle (met-a-stron´jIl)

Common name for members of the genus Metastrongylus or of the family Metastrongylidae.

Metastrongylus Metastrongylus (met-a-stron´jI-lus)

A genus of nematode lungworms (family Metastrongylidae), the only genus in its subfamily (Metastrongylinae). The four known species are found only in pigs; transmission is by earthworm intermediate hosts. [meta- + G. strongylos, round]
M. a´pri a common lungworm species that occurs in larger bronchi of wild and domestic pigs, where it is highly pathogenic, causing verminous pneumonia, consolidation of lungs, emphysema, loss of condition, and reduced growth.
M. elonga´tus M. salmi
M. pudendotec´tus a lungworm species, considerably smaller than M. apri, found in domestic and wild pigs.
M. sal´mi a lungworm species that occurs in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles of domestic and wild pigs.M. elongatus;

metasyphilis metasyphilis (met-a-sif´i-lis)

1. The constitutional state due to congenital syphilis without local lesions. 2. parasyphilis

metasyphilitic metasyphilitic (met´a-sif-i-lit´ik)

1. Relating to metasyphilis.metaluetic (1); 2. Following or occurring as a sequel of syphilis.metaluetic (2); 3. parasyphilitic

metatarsal metatarsal (met´a-tar´sal)

Relating to the metatarsus or to one of the metatarsal bones.

metatarsalgia metatarsalgia (met´a-tar-sal´je-a)

Pain in the forefoot in the region of the heads of the metatarsals. [meta- + G. algos, pain]

metatarsectomy metatarsectomy (met´a-tar-sek´to-me)

Excision of the metatarsus. [metarsus + G. ektome, excision]

metatarsophalangeal metatarsophalangeal (met´a-tar´so-fa-lan´je-al)

Relating to the metatarsal bones and the phalanges; denoting the articulations between them.

metatarsus metatarsus, pl. metatarsi (met´a-tar´sus, -sI) [NA]

The distal portion of the foot between the instep and the toes, having as its skeleton the five long bones (metatarsal bones) articulating posteriorly with the cuboid and cuneiform bones and distally with the phalanges. [meta- + G. tarsos, tarsus]
m. adductova´rus fixed deformity of the foot in which both adductus and varus vectors contribute to the resultant foot posture.
m. adduc´tus a fixed deformity of the foot in which the forepart of the foot is angled away from the main longitudinal axis of the foot toward the midline; usually congenital in origin.
m. atav´icus abnormal shortness of the first metatarsal bone as compared with the second.
m. la´tus deformity caused by sinking down of the transverse arch of the foot.talipes transversoplanus;
m. va´rus fixed deformity of the foot in which the forepart of the foot is rotated on the long axis of the foot, so that the plantar surface faces the midline of the body.intoe;

metathalamus metathalamus (met´a-thal´a-mus) [NA]

The most caudal and ventral part of the thalamus, composed of the medial and lateral geniculate bodies. [meta- + G. thalamos, thalamus]

metathesis metathesis (me-tath´e-sis)

1. Transfer of a pathologic product (e.g., a calculus) from one place to another where it causes less inconvenience or injury, when it is not possible or expedient to remove it from the body. 2. In chemistry, a double decomposition, wherein a compound, A-B, reacts with another compound, C-D, to yield A-C + B-D, or A-D + B-C. [meta- + G. thesis, a placing]

metatroph metatroph (met´a-trof)

An organism that requires complex organic sources of carbon and nitrogen for growth.

metatrophic metatrophic (met-a-trof´ik)

Denoting the ability to undertake anabolism or to obtain nourishment from varied sources, i.e., both nitrogenous and carbonaceous organic matter. [meta- + G. trophe, nourishment]

metatropic metatropic (met-a-trop´ik)

Denoting a reversion to a previous state. [meta- + G. trope, a turning]

metatypical metatypical (met-a-tip´i-kal)

Pertaining to tissue that is formed of elements identical to those occurring in that site under normal conditions, but the various elements are not arranged in the usual normal pattern.

metaxalone metaxalone (me-tak´sa-lon)

5-[(3,5-Xylyloxy)methyl]-2-oxazolidinone; 5-(3,5-dimethylphenoxymethyl)-2-oxazolidinone;a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant.

Metazoa Metazoa (met-a-zo´a)

A subkingdom of the kingdom Animalia, including all multicellular animal organisms in which the cells are differentiated and form tissues; distinguished from the subkingdom Protozoa, or unicellular animal organisms. [meta- + G. zoon, animal]

metazoonosis metazoonosis (met´a-zo-o-no´sis)

A zoonosis that requires both a vertebrate and an invertebrate host for completion of its life cycle; e.g., the arbovirus, infections of humans and other vertebrates. [meta- + G. zoon, animal, + nosos, disease]

Metchnikoff Metchnikoff

Elie, Russian biologist in Paris and Nobel laureate, 1845-1916. See M.'s theory.

metencephalic metencephalic (met´en-se-fal´ik)

Relating to the metencephalon.

metencephalon metencephalon (met´en-sef´a-lon) [NA]

The anterior of the two major subdivisions of the rhombencephalon (the posterior being the myelencephalon or medulla oblongata), composed of the pons and the cerebellum. [meta- + G. enkephalos, brain]

Metenier's sign Metenier's sign

See under sign.

metenkephalin metenkephalin (met-en-kef´a-lin)

See enkephalins.

meteorism meteorism (me´te-o-rizm)

tympanites [G. meteorismos, a lifting up]

meteoropathy meteoropathy (me´te-or-op´a-the)

Rarely used term for ill health due to climatic conditions. [G. meteora, things high in the air, + pathos, suffering]

meteorotropic meteorotropic (me´te-or-o-trop´ik)

Denoting diseases affected in their incidence by the weather. [G. meteora, things high in the air, + G. tropos, a turning]

meter (m) meter (m) (me´ter)

1. The fundamental unit of length in the SI and metric systems, equivalent to 39.37007874 inches. Defined to be the length of path traveled by light in a vacuum in 1 / 299792458 sec. 2. A device for measuring the quantity of that which passes through it. [Fr. metre; G. metron, measure]
rate m. a device that continuously displays the magnitude of events averaged over varying time intervals.
ventilation m. a m. used to measure tidal and minute ventilatory volumes.
Venturi m. a device for measuring flow of a fluid in terms of the drop in pressure when the fluid flows into the constriction of a Venturi tube.

meter-candle meter-candle (me´ter-kan´dl)

lux

metergasia metergasia (met-er-ga´ze-a)

Change of function. [G. meta, denoting change, + ergasia, work]

metergoline metergoline (me´ter-go-lIn)

An ergot derivative with a pharmacological profile similar to methysergide; a nonselective blocker of serotonin receptors. Used as an analgesic in migraine headache.methergoline;

metesthesiologist metesthesiologist (mét´és-the-ze-ol´o-jíst)

1. A proposed substitute for the term anesthesiologist to indicate the extent to which the clinical practice of a physician trained in administration of anesthetics has expanded beyond the operating room into resuscitation, critical care, management of acute and chronic pain. 2. A physician board certified and legally qualified both to administer anesthesia and to engage in related activities outside the operating room. [G. meta, beyond, + anesthesiologist]

metesthesiology metesthesiology (mét´és-the-ze-ol´o-j´e)

Proposed substitute for the term anesthesiology to indicate the extent to which the specialty previously based almost completely on administration of anesthetics has come to involve equally important roles and responsibilities outside the operating room, including management of acute and chronic pain, and care of critically ill patients and women in labor. [G. meta, beyond, + anesthesiology]

metestrus metestrus , metestrum (met-es´trus, -trum)

The period between estrus and diestrus in the estrous cycle. [meta- + estrus]

metformin metformin (met-for´min)

1,1-Dimethylbiguanide;an oral hypoglycemic agent.

meth- meth- , metho-

Chemical prefixes usually denoting a methyl, methoxy group.

methacholine chloride methacholine chloride (meth´a-ko-len)

Acetyl-beta-methylcholine chloride;a derivative of acetylcholine; a parasympathomimetic agent used as a vasodilator in peripheral vascular disease, and for inducing hyperemia in arthritis, its action being brought about locally by iontophoresis; also available as m.c. bromide.

methacrylate resin methacrylate resin

See under resin.

methacrylic acid methacrylic acid (meth´a-kril´ik)

Occurs in oil from Roman camomile; used in the manufacture of methacrylate resins and plastics.methylacrylic acid;

methacycline hydrochloride methacycline hydrochloride (meth-a-sI´klen)

6-Methylene-5-hydroxytetracycline hydrochloride;an antimicrobial agent.

methadone hydrochloride methadone hydrochloride (meth´a-don)

6-Dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanone hydrochloride;a synthetic narcotic drug; an orally effective analgesic similar in action to morphine but with slightly greater potency and longer duration. It produces psychic and physical dependence as with morphine, but withdrawal symptoms are somewhat milder; used as a replacement (oral route) for morphine and heroin; also used during withdrawal treatment in morphine and heroin addiction.

methallenestril methallenestril (meth´a-len-es´tril)

a,a-Dimethyl-beta-ethyl-6-methoxy-2-naphthalene propionic acid;an orally effective, nonsteroid estrogenic compound.

methamphetamine hydrochloride methamphetamine hydrochloride (meth-am-fet´a-men)

d-Desoxyephedrine hydrochloride; d-N,a-dimethylphenethylamine hydrochloride, "speed";a sympathomimetic agent that exerts greater stimulating effects upon the central nervous system than does amphetamine; widely used by drug abusers via the oral and intravenous ("mainlining") routes; strong psychic dependence may develop.methylamphetamine hydrochloride;

methampyrone methampyrone (meth-am-pI´ron)

dipyrone

methandienone methandienone (meth-an-dI´e-non)

methandrostenolone

methandriol methandriol (meth-an´dre-ol)

17-Methyl-5-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol;the methyl derivative of androstenediol, with similar actions and uses.mestenediol;

methandrostenolone methandrostenolone (meth-an-dro-sten´o-lon)

17beta-Hydroxy-17a-methyl-1,4-androstadiene-3-one; a methylated dehydrotestosterone;an orally effective anabolic steroid that may promote nitrogen retention when combined with an adequate diet; in addition, it can exert typically androgenic effects.methandienone;

methane methane (meth´an)

CH₄;an odorless gas produced by the decomposition of organic matter; explosive when mixed with 7 or 8 volumes of air, constituting then the firedamp in coal mines.marsh gas;

Methanobacteriaceae Methanobacteriaceae (meth´a-no-bak-ter-e-a´se-e)

A family of bacteria containing Gram-negative and Gram-positive, motile or nonmotile, strictly anaerobic rods and cocci, which obtain energy either by the reduction of carbon dioxide to form methane or by the fermentation of compounds such as acetate and methanol with the production of methane and carbon dioxide; they are found in anaerobic habitats such as sediments of natural waters, soil, anaerobic sewage digestors, and the gastrointestinal tract of animals.

methanogen methanogen (meth-an´o-jen)

Any methane-producing bacterium of the family Methanobacteriaceae.

methanol methanol (meth´a-nol)

methyl alcohol

methantheline bromide methantheline bromide (meth-an´the-len)

C₂₁H₂₆BrNO₃; beta-diethylaminoethyl-9-xanthenecarboxylate methobromide;an anticholinergic drug.

methapyrilene methapyrilene (meth-a-pir´i-len)

2-[(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)-2-thenylamino]pyridine;an antihistamine. M. fumarate is administered topically on the skin; m. hydrochloride is the preferred salt for oral or parenteral use.

methaqualone methaqualone (meth-a-kwa´lon)

2-Methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone;a sedative and hypnotic, also a drug of abuse; available as the hydrochloride.

metharbital metharbital (meth-ar´bi-tahl)

5,5-Diethyl-1-methylbarbituric acid;an N-methylated derivative of barbital with anticonvulsant properties similar to those of phenobarbital; converted to barbital in the body.

methargen methargen (meth´ar-jen)

2,2´-Dinaphthylmethane-3,3´-disulfonic acid disilver salt;a topical antiseptic agent.

methazolamide methazolamide (meth-a-zol´a-mId)

N-(4-Methyl-2-sulfamoyl-&Udelta;²-1,3,4-thiadiazolin-5-ylidene)acetamide;a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with uses similar to those of acetazolamide.

metHb metHb

Abbreviation for methemoglobin.

methdilazine hydrochloride methdilazine hydrochloride (meth-dil´a-zen)

10-(1-Methyl-3-pyrrolidylmethyl)phenothiazine hydrochloride;a phenothiazine compound with antihistaminic activity; used in the treatment of various dermatoses to relieve pruritus.

methemalbumin methemalbumin (met´hem-al-bu´min, -hem-al´bu-min)

An abnormal compound formed in the blood as a result of heme combining with plasma albumin.

methemalbuminemia methemalbuminemia (met´hem-al-bu-min-e´me-a)

The presence of methemalbumin in the circulating blood, indicative of hemoglobin breakdown; found in some patients with blackwater fever or paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; described as a means of differentiating severe (hemorrhagic) from mild (edematous) pancreatitis, and also has been described in other acute conditions such as strangulation obstruction of intestine and mesenteric artery occlusion.

methemoglobin (metHb) methemoglobin (metHb) (met-he-mo-glo´bin)

A transformation product of oxyhemoglobin because of the oxidation of the normal Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺, thus converting ferroprotoporphyrin to ferriprotoporphyrin; it contains water in firm union with ferric iron, thus being chemically different from oxyhemoglobin and useless for respiration; found in sanguineous effusions and in the circulating blood after poisoning with acetanilid, potassium chlorate, and other substances.ferrihemoglobin;
m. reductase a flavoenzyme catalyzing the reduction of m. to hemoglobin in the red blood cell.

methemoglobinemia methemoglobinemia (met-he´mo-glo-bi-ne´me-a, meth´e-mo-)

The presence of methemoglobin in the circulating blood. [methemoglobin + G. haima, blood]
acquired m. m. caused by various chemical agents, such as nitrites.enterogenous m., secondary m;
congenital m. 1. m. due to formation of any one of a group of abnormal a chain [MIM*141800] or beta chain [MIM*141900] hemoglobins collectively known as hemoglobin M. Slate-gray cyanosis occurs in early infancy, without pulmonary or cardiac disease, and is resistant to ascorbic acid or methylene blue therapy; autosomal dominant inheritance; 2. m. due to deficiency of cytochrome b₅ reductase [MIM*250790] or methemoglobin reductase [MIM*250700], the enzyme responsible for reduction of intraerythrocyte methemoglobin; cyanosis is improved by ascorbic acid or methylene blue; autosomal recessive inheritance; 3. one case of m. has been reported that apparently is due to a deficiency of cytochrome b₅.hereditary m., hereditary methemoglobinemic cyanosis, primary m;
enterogenous m. acquired m
hereditary m. congenital m
primary m. congenital m
secondary m. acquired m

methemoglobinuria methemoglobinuria (met-he´mo-glo-bi-nu´re-a, meth´e-mo-)

The presence of methemoglobin in the urine. [methemoglobin + G. ouron, urine]

methenamine methenamine (me-then´a-men)

C₆H₁₂N₄; hexamethylenamine; hexamethylenetetramine; ammonioformaldehyde;a condensation product obtained by the action of ammonia upon formaldehyde; a urinary antiseptic.hexamine;
m. hippurate hexamethylenetetramine hippurate;a urinary antiseptic.
m. mandelate C₁₄H₂₀N₄O₃;a urinary antiseptic.
m. salicylate hexamethylenetetramine salicylate;a uric acid solvent and urinary antiseptic.

methenamine-silver methenamine-silver

A hexamethylenetetramine-silver complex prepared by adding silver nitrate to methenamine; a white precipitate appears in the solution which dissolves upon shaking and is stable under refrigeration; used in various histological and histochemical staining methods. See also Gomori's methenamine-silver stain, under stain.

methene methene (meth´en)

methylene

N5,N10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid N⁵,N¹⁰-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid

anhydroleucovorin

N5,N10-methenyltetrahydrofolate N⁵,N¹⁰-methenyltetrahydrofolate

A one-carbon derivative of tetrahydrofolate; used in purine biosynthesis.
N⁵,N¹⁰-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase an enzyme that converts N⁵,N¹⁰-m ethylenetetrahydrofolate to N⁵,N¹⁰-methyl enyltetrahydrofolate using NADP+; a deficiency of this enzyme results in an accumulation of l-homocysteine and severe neurological disturbances.

methergoline methergoline

metergoline

methicillin sodium methicillin sodium (meth-i-sil´in)

Sodium 2,6-dimethoxyphenylpenicillin monohydrate;a semisynthetic penicillin salt for parenteral administration; restriction of its use to infections caused by penicillin G-resistant staphylococci is recommended; it is less effective than penicillin G in infections caused by hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci, gonococci, and penicillin G-sensitive staphylococci.sodium methicillin;

methimazole methimazole (me-thim´a-zol)

1-Methylimidazole-2-thiol;an antithyroid drug similar in action to propylthiouracil.

methiodal sodium methiodal sodium (meth-I´o-dal)

An iodine-containing radiopaque medium, formerly used for examination of the urinary tract.

methionine (Met, M) methionine (Met, M) (me-thI´o-nen)

CH₃S-CH₂CH₂CH(NH₃⁺)-COOCOO^-; 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butyric acid;the l-isomer is a nutritionally essential amino acid and the most important natural source of "active methyl" groups in the body, hence usually involved in methylations in vivo; the dl-form is used as an adjunct in the treatment of liver diseases.
active m. S-adenosyl-l-methionine
m. adenosyltransferase an enzyme catalyzing the condensation of l-methionine and ATP, forming S-adenosyl-l-methionine, orthophosphate, and pyrophosphate; a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme will result in hypermethionemia.methionine-activating enzyme;
m. sulfoxime a toxic derivative of m. formed when proteins containing it are treated with nitrogen chloride to give -SO(NH)CH₃ in place of -SCH₃.
m. synthase tetrahydropteroylglutamate methyltransferase; methionine-homocysteine methyltransferase;an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of N⁵-methyltetrahydrofolate with l-homocysteine to form tetrahydrofolate and l-methionine; a cobalamin-requiring enzyme; a deficiency of this enzyme results in an accumulation of l-homocysteine and neurological abnormalities.tetrahydrofolate methyltransferase;

methisazone methisazone (me-this´a-zon)

N-Methylisatin 3-thiosemicarbazone; 1-methylindole-2,3-dione 3-thiosemicarbazone;an antiviral agent.

methitural methitural (me-thi´t-u-ral)

An intravenous thiobarbiturate resembling thiopental and used for the induction of anesthesia; exerts a brief effect due to rapid redistribution in the body after a single injection.

methixene hydrochloride methixene hydrochloride (me-thik´sen)

1-Methyl-3-(thioxanthen-9-ylmethyl)piperidine hydrochloride;an anticholinergic agent.

metho- metho-

See meth-.

methocarbamol methocarbamol (meth-o-kar´ba-mol)

2-Hydroxy-3-o- methoxyphenoxypropyl carbamate;a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, chemically related to mephenesin carbamate; it is slower in onset of action but of longer duration, and may be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or orally.

method method (meth´od)

The mode or manner or orderly sequence of events of a process or procedure. See also fixative, operation, procedure, stain, technique. [G. methodos; fr. meta, after, + hodos, way]
Abbott's m. a m. of treatment of scoliosis by use of a series of plaster jackets applied after partial correction of the curvature by external force.
Abell-Kendall m. a standard m. for estimation of total serum cholesterol involving saponification of cholesterol ester by hydroxide, extraction with petroleum ether, and color development with acetic anhydride-sulfuric acid; the m. avoids interference by bilirubin, protein, and hemoglobin.
activated sludge m. a m. of sewage disposal in which the sewage is treated with 15% bacterially active, liquid sludge, which is produced by repeated vigorous aeration of fresh sewage to form floccules or sediment; when this flocculation process is complete, the resulting activated sludge contains large numbers of bacteria, together with yeasts, molds, and protozoa, which actively effect the oxidation of organic compounds; this mixture is piped to a sedimentation tank, the effluent from which is completely treated sewage.
Altmann-Gersh m. the m. of rapidly freezing a tissue and dehydrating it in a vacuum.
Anel's m. ligation of an artery immediately above (on the proximal side of) an aneurysm.
Antyllus' m. ligation of the artery above and below an aneurysm, followed by incision into and emptying of the sac.
aristotelian m. a m. of study that stresses the relation between a general category and a particular object.
Ashby m. a differential agglutination m. for estimating erythrocyte life span; compatible blood possessing a group factor that the recipient lacks is transferred to the recipient; after the transfusion, sera with potent agglutinins for the recipient's red cells are added to samples of the recipient's blood, and the unagglutinated red cells are counted; using this technique the red cell life span in normal persons is found to be 110 to 120 days.
auxanographic m. a m. for the study of bacterial enzymes in which agar is mixed with the material (e.g., starch or milk) which is to serve as an indicator of the enzyme action and is inoculated and plated; if the bacteria produce enzymes digesting the admixed material, there will be a zone of clearing in the medium about each colony.diffusion m;
Barraquer's m. zonulolysis
Beck's m. a permanent opening into the stomach made from its greater curvature.
Bier's m. 1. intravenous regional anesthesia 2. treatment of various surgical conditions by reactive hyperemia.
Born m. of wax plate reconstruction the making of three-dimensional models of structures from serial sections; it depends on the building up of a series of wax plates, cut out to scaled enlargements of the individual sections involved in the region to be reconstructed.
Brasdor's m. treatment of aneurysm by ligation of the artery immediately below (on the distal side of) the tumor.
Callahan's m. chloropercha m
capture-recapture m. originally, a technique developed by biologists to track wild animal populations; now adapted for epidemiological studies of elusive human populations (e.g., prostitutes, teen runaways, IV drug users).By comparing data from several independent overlapping sample frames, it is possible to adjust for missing cases and to generate estimates of the prevalence of a given condition, for example, AIDS infection.
Carpue's m. Indian rhinoplasty
Charters' m. a method of toothbrushing utilizing a restricted circular motion with the bristles inclined coronally at a 45 degree angle.
Chayes' m. a m. of replacing lost teeth utilizing a mechanical device for the fixation and stabilization of the dental prosthesis which allows "movement in function" of the abutment teeth.
chloropercha m. a m. of filling the root canals of teeth by dissolving gutta-percha cones in a chloroform-rosin medium within the root canal.Callahan's m., Johnson's m;
closed circuit m. a m. for measuring oxygen consumption in which the subject rebreathes an initial quantity of oxygen through a carbon dioxide absorber and the decrease in the volume of oxygen being rebreathed is noted.
confrontation m. a m. of perimetry; the examiner compares the visual fields of the patient with his own by facing the patient who has one eye covered and the other fixed upon the corresponding (confronting) eye of the examiner. The examiner then holds his finger midway between the patient and himself and moves it slowly in different directions until the patient fails to see it. In each instance the finger is moved again toward the original position until it is just seen by the subject.
cooled-knife m. the cutting of frozen sections with a knife cooled to a few degrees below the freezing point.
copper sulfate m. a m. for the determination of specific gravity of blood or plasma in which the blood or plasma is delivered by drops into solutions of copper sulfate graded in specific gravity by increments of 0.004, each of the bottles of solution being within the expected range of the blood or plasma sample; the specific gravity of the copper sulfate solution in which the drop of blood or plasma remains suspended indefinitely indicates the specific gravity of the sample.
correlational m. a statistical m., most often used in clinical and other applied areas of psychology, to study the relationship which exists between one characteristic and another in an individual.
Credé's m.'s 1. instillation of one drop of a 2% solution of silver nitrate into each eye of the newborn infant, to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum; 2. resting the hand on the fundus uteri from the moment of the expulsion of the fetus, and gently rubbing in case of hemorrhage or failing contraction; then, when the afterbirth is loosened it is expelled by firm compression or squeezing of the fundus by the hand; 3. use of manual pressure on a bladder, particularly a paralyzed bladder, to express urine.Credé's maneuvers;
cross-sectional m. in developmental psychology, the study of the life span involving comparison of groups of individuals at different age levels. Cf. longitudinal m.
definitive m. an analytical procedure for the measurement of a specified analyte in a specified material which is known to give essentially the true value for the concentration of the analyte.
Dick m. Dick test
Dieffenbach's m. a plastic operation for covering a defect by sliding a flap with broad pedicle.
diffusion m. auxanographic m
direct m. for making inlays in dentistry, an inlay technique in which the wax pattern is made directly in the prepared cavity in the tooth.direct technique;
disk sensitivity m. a procedure for testing the relative effectiveness of various antibiotics; small disks of paper (or other suitable material) are impregnated with known, appropriate amounts of antibiotic, and then placed on the surface of semisolid medium that has been previously inoculated with the organism being tested; after suitable periods of incubation at 37°C, the lack of growth in zones about the various disks indicates the relative effectiveness of the antibiotic.
double antibody m. double antibody precipitation
Edman m. See phenylisothiocyanate.
Eggleston m. obsolete term for rapid digitalization by means of large doses of digitalis leaf or tincture frequently repeated.
Eicken's m. facilitation of hypopharyngoscopy by means of forward traction on the cricoid cartilage by a laryngeal probe.
encu m. a means of simplifying the calculation of risk in genetic counseling for autosomal dominant traits by converting all pertinent evidence into encu units.
ensu m. a means of simplifying the calculation of risk in genetic counseling for X-linked traits by converting all pertinent evidence into ensu units.
experimental m. in experimental psychology, control of environmental, physiological, or attitudinal factors to observe dependent changes in aspects of experience and behavior.
Fick m. in 1870 A. Fisk proposed that cardiac output can be calculated as the quotient of total body oxygen consumption divided by the difference in oxygen content of arterial blood and mixed venous blood. In the direct Fick m. all variables are measured. The indirect Fick m. employs a variety of means to avoid measuring mixed venous oxygen content. By extension, the Fick m. may be used to measure cardiac output or organ blood flow with any indicator substance for which the rate of uptake or consumption, and the arterial and mixed venous concentrations, can be measured, provided the indicator does not enter or leave the system by any route not being measured.Fick principle;
flash m. sterilization of milk by raising it rapidly to a temperature of 178°F, holding it there for a short time, and reducing it rapidly to 40°F.
flotation m. any of several procedures for concentrating helminth eggs for more reliable results when eggs are difficult to find in direct examination; the flotation m.'s depend on flotation of helminth eggs on the surface of a liquid of sufficiently high specific gravity, approximately 1.180; 1 part feces mixed in about 10 parts saturated saline will float most protozoan cysts and nonpercolated helminth eggs. See also zinc sulfate flotation centrifugation m.
Gärtner's m. a m. of measuring venous pressure, based upon Gärtner's vein phenomenon; with the patient sitting erect, a vein is selected on the back of the hand which is held dependent, well below the level of the right atrium, and then is raised slowly; when the vein is observed to collapse, the distance between its level and that of the atrium is measured with a millimeter rule; this distance gives the venous pressure in millimeters of blood; thus the vein itself is used as a manometer communicating with the right atrium; highly inaccurate, especially in elderly subjects.
Gerota's m. injection of the lymphatics with a dye that is soluble in chloroform or ether but not in water; alkannin, red sulfide of mercury, and Prussian blue are said to be suitable for this purpose.
glucose oxidase m. a highly specific m. for measurement of glucose in serum or plasma by reaction with glucose oxidase, in which gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide are formed.
Gräupner's m. obsolete term for a test of the sufficiency of the heart muscle; if a normal subject takes a measured amount of exercise, the pulse rate rises, and after it has begun to fall the systolic blood pressure begins to rise, reaching its maximum a few minutes after the pulse rate; in the case of a weakened heart, the rise in blood pressure is delayed and the amount of increase diminished; in seriously weakened hearts, a fall in blood pressure occurs.
Gruber's m. a modification of the Politzer m. in which the patient does not swallow, but says "hoc" at the instant of compression of the bag.
Hamilton-Stewart m. formula to calculate cardiac output after intravenous indicator dye injection; blood flow in liters per minute is given by dividing the amount of injectant in milligrams by the product of the average dye concentration in the initial curve of the dye concentration sampled at a given point in the circulation and multiplied by the dose of dye (in milligrams) to write the curve from appearance to disappearance (in the absence of any recirculation).Hamilton-Stewart formula, Stewart-Hamilton m;
Hammerschlag's m. a hydrometric m. of determining the specific gravity of the blood by allowing a drop of blood to fall into each of a series of tubes containing mixtures of chloroform and benzene of known graded specific gravities; the specific gravity of that mixture in which the drop remains exactly suspended, neither rising nor falling, corresponds to the specific gravity of the blood sample.
hexokinase m. the most specific m. for measuring glucose in serum or plasma, wherein hexokinase plus ATP transforms glucose to glucose 6-phosphate plus ADP; glucose 6-phosphate is then reacted with NADP and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase to form NADP which is measured spectrophotometrically.
Hilton's m. division of the nerves supplying a part, for the relief of pain in ulcers.
Hirschberg's m. a m. of measuring the amount of deviation of a strabismic eye, by observing the reflection of a light fixated by the straight eye on the cornea of the deviating eye.
Hung's method Wilson's m
immunofluorescence m. any m. in which a fluorescent-labeled antibody is used to detect the presence or determine the location of the corresponding antigen.
impedance m. a m. for localizing brain structures by measuring impedance of electric current.
Indian m. Indian rhinoplasty
indicator dilution m. Stewart-Hamilton m
indirect m. for making inlays a method whereby the inlay is constructed entirely on a model made from an impression of the prepared tooth or teeth in the mouth.indirect technique;
indophenol m. a m. of determining quantitatively the amount of vitamin C in plant and animal tissue based on the rapid reduction of a standardized indophenol solution to a colorless compound by vitamin C in acid solution.
introspective m. in functionalism, the systematic study of mental phenomena by contemplating the processes in one's own conscious experiences.
Italian m. Italian rhinoplasty
ITO m. a concise matrix m. for computing the distribution of genotypes of relatives that at one locus may share no genes in common, one, or both.
Johnson's m. chloropercha m
Keating-Hart's m. fulguration in the treatment of external cancer or of the field of operation after the removal of a malignant growth.
Kety-Schmidt m. a m. for measuring organ blood flow first applied to the brain in 1944 by C. F. Schmidt and S. S. Kety. A chemically inert indicator gas is equilibrated with the tissue of the organ of interest and the rate of disappearance from the organ is measured. Blood flow is calculated on the assumption that the tissue and venous blood concentrations of the indicator gas are in diffusion equilibrium at all blood flow rates and that the rate of disappearance of the indicator from the tissue is a function of how much is in the tissue at any time, i.e., it is assumed to be an exponential disappearance.
Kjeldahl m. See macro-Kjeldahl m., micro-Kjeldahl m.
Klapp's m. treatment of scoliosis by a series of systematic crawling movements whereby the spine is bent laterally and made more flexible.
Krause's m. See Krause graft.
Lamaze m. a technique of psychoprophylactic preparation for childbirth, designed to minimize the pain of labor.
Langendorff's m. perfusion of the isolated mammalian heart by carrying fluid under pressure into the sectioned aorta, and thus into the coronary system.
Lee-White m. a m. for determining coagulation time of venous blood in tubes of standard bore at body temperature.
Liborius' m. a m. for culturing anaerobic bacteria; a stab culture is made in the appropriate agar medium, then more of the same medium is liquefied and poured into the test tube on top of the stab culture, effectually sealing it from the air.
Ling's m. gymnastic exercises (as in Swedish movements) without the use of apparatus.lingism;
Lister's m. antiseptic surgery, as first advocated by Lister in 1867; the operation was performed under a cloud of diluted carbolic acid spray, the instruments were dipped in a carbolic solution before use, and the wound was dressed with a thick layer of carbolized gauze; from this was developed the present practice of aseptic surgery.listerism;
lod m. a method of linkage analysis using an examination of the common logarithm of the ratio of the likelihood for a particular value of the recombination fraction to that if the recombination fraction is 0.5 (i.e., no linkage); thus, a lod score of 3 at a recombination fraction of 0.2 means that the data are 1000 times more readily explained by supposing a recombination fraction of 0.2 than by supposing the loci are unlinked and the recombination fraction is 0.5. [logarithm of the odds]
longitudinal m. in developmental psychology, the study of the life span of one individual involving comparisons of different age levels. Cf. cross-sectional m.
macro-Kjeldahl m. a procedure for analyzing the content of nitrogenous compounds in urine, serum, or other specimens, usually to determine relatively large amounts of nitrogen (e.g., 20 to 100 mg); the specimen is treated with a digestion mixture (copper sulfate and sulfuric acid), heated thoroughly, and made alkaline with a solution of sodium hydroxide; ammonia is then distilled from the mixture, trapped in a boric acid-indicator solution, and titrated with standard hydrochloric or sulfuric acid.
Marshall's m. a quantitative procedure for estimating free and conjugated sulfanilamide in body fluids.
micro-Astrup m. an interpolation technique for acid-base measurement, based on pH and the use of the Siggaard-Andersen nomogram to determine the base deficit as an expression of metabolic acidosis and the arterial P_CO2 as an expression of respiratory acidosis or alkalosis.
micro-Kjeldahl m. a modification of the macro-Kjeldahl m. designed for the analysis of nitrogenous compounds in relatively small quantities, e.g., specimens in which the total content of nitrogen is in the range of 1 to a few mg.
microsphere m. a m. for measuring organ blood flow by indicator dilution, but more importantly, a m. for measuring the distribution of cardiac output or the intraorgan distribution of blood flow. To measure distribution of flow, neutrally buoyant, chemically inert microspheres that have an indicator property (e.g., radioactivity) are injected into a cardiac chamber or arterial blood. They are presumed to distribute in proportion to the distribution of arterial blood flow. Injected sphere size is selected to be large enough to embolize the vessels of interest. Injected quantity is selected to be large enough to provide statistically meaningful samples and small enough not to alter the organ blood flow under investigation. Organ samples are taken to quantify the distribution of the microspheres and hence the flow. See Fick m., Stewart-Hamilton m.
Moore's m. treatment of aneurysm by the introduction of silver or zinc wire into the sac to induce fibrin deposition.
Needles' split cast m. split cast m
Nikiforoff's m. the fixing of blood films by immersion for 5 to 15 minutes in absolute alcohol, a mixture of equal parts of alcohol and ether, or pure ether.
Ochsner's m. an obsolete treatment for appendicitis (by peristaltic rest), when surgery is not advisable.
Ollier's m. See Ollier graft.
open circuit m. a m. for measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production by collecting the expired gas over a known period of time and measuring its volume and composition.
Orsi-Grocco m. palpatory percussion of the heart.
Ouchterlony method Ouchterlony test
Pachon's m. cardiography, carried out with the patient lying on the left side.
paracelsian m. the use of chemical agents only in the treatment of disease.
parallax m. localization of a foreign body by observing the direction of its motion on a fluoroscopic screen while moving the x-ray tube or the screen.
Pavlov m. the m. of studying conditioned reflex activity by the observation of a motor indicator, such as the salivary or electroencephalographic response.
Politzer m. inflation of the eustachian tube and tympanum by forcing air into the nasal cavity at the instant the patient swallows.
Porges m. a m. of destroying the capsule of bacteria by heating with N/4 hydrochloric acid and neutralizing with NaOH.
Purmann's m. treatment of aneurysm by extirpation of the sac.
Quick's m. prothrombin test
reference m. an analytical procedure sufficiently free of random or systematic error to make it useful for validating proposed new analytical procedures for the same analyte.
Rehfuss m. fractional m. of gastric activity: a fine tube with fenestrated metal tip is passed into the stomach after a test meal, and small quantities (6 or 8 ml) of the stomach contents are removed at 15-minute intervals and examined.
Reverdin's m. See Reverdin graft.
rhythm m. a natural contraceptive m. that spaces human sexual intercourse to avoid the fertile period of the menstrual cycle.rhythm (2);
Rideal-Walker m. See Rideal-Walker coefficient.
Roux's m. division of the inferior maxilla in the median line, to facilitate the operation of ablation of the tongue.
Sanger m. the m. for the sequencing of DNA employing an enzyme that can polymerase DNA and labeled nucleotides.
Scarpa's m. cure of aneurysm by ligation of the artery at some distance above the sac.
Schäfer's m. an obsolete m. of resuscitation in cases of drowning or asphyxia; the patient is laid face downward and natural breathing is imitated by gentle intermittent pressure over the lower part of the thorax at the rate of about 15 times a minute.
Schede's m. filling of the defect in bone, after removal of a sequestrum or scraping away carious material, by allowing the cavity to fill with blood which may become organized (Schede's clot).
Schick m. Schick test
Schmidt-Thannhauser m. a m. for fractionation of nucleic acid, based upon the fact that RNA but not DNA is hydrolyzed to nucleotides by alkali; RNA can be hydrolyzed in about 2 hours in 0.75 n NaOH, but 18 hours and 0.3 n NaOH usually are used.
Schweninger's m. a method suggested to reduce obesity by restricting intake of fluid.
Shaffer-Hartmann m. an obsolete m. for the quantitative determination of glucose in biological fluids, based on the reduction of copper by the reducing group of the sugar.
Somogyi m. See Somogyi unit.
split cast m. 1. a procedure for placing indexed casts on an articulator to facilitate their removal and replacement on the instrument; 2. the procedure of checking the ability of an articulator to receive or be adjusted to a maxillomandibular relation record.Needles' split cast m;
Stas-Otto m. a m. of extraction of alkaloids from plants and animal bodies: the substance is digested in alcohol and tartaric acid, the fatty and resinous matters are precipitated with water, the fluid is made alkaline, and the alkaloids are extracted with ether or chloroform.
Stewart-Hamilton m. Hamilton-Stewart mindicator dilution m;
Stroganoff's m. obsolete term for treatment of eclampsia by morphine, chloral hydrate, shielding the patient from all external sources of irritation, and rapid delivery.
Thane's m. a m. for indicating the position of the central sulcus (Rolando's fissure) of the brain; the upper end of the sulcus corresponds to the midpoint of a line drawn from the glabella to the inion.
Theden's m. treatment of aneurysms or of large sanguineous effusions by compression of the entire limb with a roller bandage.
Thezac-Porsmeur m. heat treatment of infected wounds by focusing of sun's rays on suppurating area by means of a lens mounted in a cylinder of canvas.
Thiersch's m. See Thiersch graft.
thiochrome m. a m. for the determination of thiamin based upon the production of thiochrome when the vitamin is oxidized by alkaline ferricyanide to yield the fluorescent compound, thiochrome.
twin m. a general means of genetic analysis that capitalizes on the fact that while twins have the same age and the same intrauterine environment, identical (monozygotic) twins have the same genotype but dizygotic twins are no more alike than sibs and may be of different sex.
ultropaque m. a rapid m. for examining thick (1 to 3 mm) sections of fresh tissue with the ultramicroscope, making use of an objective built in an illuminator so that the light is reflected down upon the tissue.
u-score m. an older, simpler, but somewhat less efficient method of linkage analysis than that by maximum likelihood estimation.
Wardrop's m. treatment of aneurysm by ligation of the artery at some distance beyond the sac, leaving one or more branches of the artery between the sac and the ligature.
Westergren m. a procedure for estimating the sedimentation rate of red blood cells in fluid blood by mixing venous blood with an aqueous solution of sodium citrate and allowing it to stand in an upright standard pipet (200 mm long) filled to the zero mark; the fall of the red blood cells, in millimeters, is then observed in 1 hr; the normal rate for men is 0 to 15 mm (average, 4 mm), and for women 0 to 20 mm (average, 5 mm).
Wheeler m. a surgical procedure for correction of cicatricial ectropion.
Wilson's m. a simple saline flotation m. for concentrating helminth eggs in the feces. See flotation m.Hung's method;
Wolfe's m. See Wolfe graft.
zinc sulfate flotation centrifugation m. a flotation m. in which the fecal specimen is suspended in tap water, strained through wet gauze, centrifuged, resuspended in tap water, washed and recentrifuged several times, and then suspended in 33% solution of zinc sulfate and centrifuged at top speed for 45 to 60 sec; a bacteriologic loop may be used to pick up the surface layer, which contains protozoan cysts and helminth eggs.

methodism methodism (meth´od-izm)

solidism

methodology methodology (meth´u-dol-o-je)

The scientific study or logical analysis of methods.

methohexital sodium methohexital sodium (meth-o-heks´i-tawl)

Sodium a-dl- methyl-5-allyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pentynyl)barbiturate;an ultrashort-acting barbiturate used intravenously for induction and for general anesthesia of short duration.

methonium compounds methonium compounds

See under compound.

methophenazine methophenazine (me-tho-fen´a-zen)

3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid 2-{4-[3-(2-chlorophenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]-1-piperazinyl}ethyl ester;an antipsychotic.

methopholine methopholine (me-tho-fo´len)

1-(p-Chlorophenethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl isoquinoline;an analgesic.

methopterin methopterin (meth-op´ter-in)

10-Methylfolic acid; 10-methylpteroylglutamic acid;a folic acid antagonist.

methorphinan methorphinan (meth-or´fi-nan)

C₁₇H₂₃NOHBr; 3-Hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan; See dextromethorphan hydrobromide, levorphanol tartrate.

methoserpidine methoserpidine (meth-o-ser´pi-den)

10-Methoxydeserpidine;an antihypertensive agent similar in its actions to reserpine.

methotrexate methotrexate (meth-o-trek´sat)

Methylaminopterin; 4-amino-10-methylfolic acid;a folic acid antagonist used as an antineoplastic agent.amethopterin;

methotrimeprazine methotrimeprazine (meth´o-trI-mep´ra-zen)

10-[3-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl]-2-methoxyphenothiazine;a phenothiazine analgesic.

methoxamine hydrochloride methoxamine hydrochloride (me-thok´sa-men)

a-(1-Aminoethyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol hydrochloride;; beta-hydroxy-beta-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)isopropylamine hydrochloride;a sympathomimetic amine.

methoxsalen methoxsalen (me-thok´sa-len)

delta-Lactone of 3-(6-hydroxy-7-methoxybenzofuranyl)acrylic acid;a methoxypsoralen derivative that increases melanin production in the skin when exposed to ultraviolet light; used orally and topically in the treatment of idiopathic vitiligo, and also as a suntan accelerator and sun protectant.

methoxy- methoxy-

Chemical prefix denoting substitution of a methoxyl group.

4-methoxybenzoic acid 4-methoxybenzoic acid (meth-ok´se-ben-zo´ik)

anisic acid

methoxychlor methoxychlor (me-thok´se-klor)

An insecticide resembling DDT; ectoparasiticide.

methoxyflurane methoxyflurane (me-thok-se-flur´an)

2,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl methyl ether;a potent inhalation anesthetic no longer in use because of high-output renal failure caused by increased plasma concentrations of inorganic fluoride, a metabolic breakdown product of m.

3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid

See vanillylmandelic acid.

5-methoxyindole-3-acetate 5-methoxyindole-3-acetate (meth-oks´e-in-dol)

An intermediate of tryptophan and serotonin degradation; excreted as conjugates.

methoxyl methoxyl (me-thok´sil)

The group, -OCH₃.

methoxyphenamine hydrochloride methoxyphenamine hydrochloride (me-thok-se-fen´a-men)

beta-(o-Methoxyphenyl)isopropylmethylamine hydrochloride;a sympathomimetic amine.

5-methoxytryptamine 5-methoxytryptamine (meth-oks´e-trip-ta-men)

An intermediate in the degradation of l-tryptophan and serotonin.

methscopolamine bromide methscopolamine bromide (meth-sko-pol´a-men)

Epoxytropine tropate methylbromide;a parasympatholytic drug similar to atropine; the methyl nitrate has the same action and uses.

methsuximide methsuximide (meth-suk´si-mId)

N,2-Dimethyl-2-phenylsuccinimide;an antiepileptic effective against petit mal and psychomotor epilepsy; similar to ethosuximide.

methyclothiazide methyclothiazide (meth´i-klo-thI´a-zId)

6-Chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide;an orally effective diuretic and antihypertensive agent of the thiazide group.

methyl (Me) methyl (Me) (meth´il)

The radical, -CH₃. [G. methy, wine, + hyle, wood]
active m. a m. group attached to a quaternary ammonium ion or a tertiary sulfonium ion that can take part in transmethylation reactions; e.g., m. groups in choline and in S-adenosyl-l-methionine, which are thus m. donors.
m. alcohol CH₃OH;a flammable, toxic, mobile liquid, used as an industrial solvent, antifreeze, and in chemical manufacture; ingestion may result in severe acidosis, visual impairment, and other effects on the central nervous system.carbinol, methanol, pyroligneous alcohol, pyroligneous spirit, pyroxylic spirit, wood alcohol, wood naphtha, wood spirit;
m. aldehyde formaldehyde
angular m. a m. group attached to carbon 10 (between rings A and B) or to carbon 13 (between rings C and D) of the steroid nucleus.
m. chloride chloromethane
m. cysteine hydrochloride mecysteine hydrochloride;the methyl ester of cysteine hydrochloride; a mucolytic agent.
m. hydroxybenzoate methylparaben
m. isobutyl ketone 4-methyl-2-pentanone;in high concentrations it has narcotic action; in relatively low concentrations it may be irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes.
m. methacrylate a thermoplastic material used for denture bases.
m. nicotinate nicotinic acid methyl ester, used as rubefacient.
m. salicylate the methyl ester of salicylic acid, produced synthetically or distilled from Gaultheria procumbens (family Ericaceae) or from Betula lenta (family Betulaceae); used externally and internally for the treatment of various forms of rheumatism.checkerberry oil, gaultheria oil, sweet birch oil, wintergreen oil;

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA thiolase 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA thiolase

An enzyme that is part of the l-isoleucine degradation pathway; it catalyzes the conversion of 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA (CH₃COCH(CH₃)COSCoA) to acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA. A deficiency of this enzyme leads to an accumulation of 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA, causing episodes of severe metabolic acidosis and ketosis.

methylacrylic acid methylacrylic acid (meth´il-a-kril´ik)

methacrylic acid

methylamphetamine hydrochloride methylamphetamine hydrochloride (meth´il-am-fet´a-men)

methamphetamine hydrochloride

methylate methylate (meth´i-lat)

1. To mix with methyl alcohol. 2. To introduce a methyl group. 3. A compound in which a metal ion methyl replaces the alcoholic hydrogen of alcohol.

methylation methylation (meth-i-la´shun)

Addition of methyl groups; in histochemistry, used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid; the net effect being to reduce tissue basophilia and abolish metachromasia.
restriction m. the enzymatic addition of methyl groups to selected adenine and cytosine residues to protect from hydrolysis by certain restriction enzymes.

methylatropine bromide methylatropine bromide (meth-il-at´ro-pen, -pin)

A quaternary derivative of atropine that is less lipid soluble and hence produces fewer central nervous system actions; a cycloplegic.atropine methylbromide;

methylbenzene methylbenzene (meth-il-ben´zen)

toluene

methylbenzethonium chloride methylbenzethonium chloride (meth´il-ben-ze-tho´ne-um)

Benzyldimethyl{2-[2-(p-1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylcresoxy)ethoxy]-ethyl}ammonium chloride;a quaternary ammonium compound having a surface action like that of other cationic detergents; generally germicidal and bacteriostatic; used to rinse infant diapers and bed linen in the prevention of ammonia dermatitis.

methyl blue methyl blue [C.I. 42780]

A sulfonated triphenylrosaniline dye used as a stain for cytoplasm, collagen, and Negri bodies, and as an antiseptic.

methyl bromide methyl bromide

Used in ionization chambers; for degreasing wool; extracting oils from nuts, seeds, flowers; used as an insect fumigant for mills, warehouses, vaults, ships, freight cars; also as a soil fumigant.

N-methylcarnosine N-methylcarnosine (meth-il-kar´no-sen)

anserine (2)

methyl-CCNU methyl-CCNU

A nitrosourea antineoplastic agent resembling carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU).semustine;

methylcellulose methylcellulose (meth-il-sel´yu-los)

A methyl ester of cellulose that forms a colorless viscous liquid when dissolved in water, alcohol, or ether; used to increase bulk of the intestinal contents, to relieve constipation, or of the gastric contents, to reduce appetite in obesity; also used dissolved in water as a spray to cover burned areas.

methylchloroform methylchloroform (meth-il-chlor´o-form)

trichloroethane

3-methylcholanthrene 3-methylcholanthrene , 20-methylcholanthrene (meth´il-kol-an´thren)

A highly carcinogenic hydrocarbon that can be formed chemically from deoxycholic or cholic acids, or from cholesterol; the choice between 3- or 20- for the methyl group depends upon whether hydrocarbon (inner) or steroid (outer) numbering is chosen; in the latter case, the formal relationship to the cholic acids and cholesterol is clear.

methylcitrate methylcitrate (meth-il-sit´trat)

A minor metabolite that accumulates in individuals with propionic acidemia.

methylcobalamin methylcobalamin (meth-il-ko-bal´a-men)

vitamin B₁₂

3-methylcrotonyl-CoA 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA (meth-il-kro´ton-il)

(CH₃)₂C=CHCOSCoA;an intermediate in the degradation of l-leucine; accumulates in a deficiency of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase.
3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase an enzyme in the pathway of l-leucine degradation that catalyzes the reaction of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA with CO₂, ATP, and water to form ADP, orthophosphate, and 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA; a deficiency of this enzyme causes episodes of severe metabolic acidosis.

5-methylcytosine 5-methylcytosine (meth´il-sI´to-sen)

A minor base that is present in both bacterial and human DNA.

N-methyl, D-aspartic acid N-methyl, D-aspartic acid

NMDA

methyldichloroarsine (MD) methyldichloroarsine (MD) (meth´il-dI-klor-o-ar´sen)

CH₃ASCl₂;a vesicant; irritating to the respiratory tract and will produce lung injury and eye injury; has been used in certain military operations.

methyldopa methyldopa (meth-il-do´pa)

l-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylalanine;an antihypertensive agent, also used as the ethyl ester hydrochloride, with the same action and uses.alpha methyl dopa;

methylene methylene (meth´i-len)

The radical, -CH₂-.methene;

methylene azure methylene azure

azure I

methylene blue methylene blue [C.I. 52015]

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenazathionium chloride; tetramethylthionine chloride;a basic dye easily oxidized to azure, with dye mixtures; used in histology and microbiology, to stain intestinal protozoa in wet mount preparations, to track RNA and RNase in electrophoresis, and as an antidote for methemoglobinemia; its redox indicator properties are useful in milk bacteriology.
Kühne's m.b. m.b. in absolute alcohol and phenol solution.
Loeffler's m.b. a stain for diphtheria organisms that contains m.b. in dilute ethanol plus a slight amount of potassium hydroxide; dye solution gives best results when aged to a polychrome state.
new m.b. [C.I. 52030] a basic thiazin dye, C₁₈H₂₂N₃SCl, used for supravital staining of reticulocytes in blood smears.
polychrome m.b. an alkaline solution of m.b. which undergoes progressive oxidative demethylation with aging (ripening) to produce a mixture of m.b., azures, and methylene violet; boiling with sodium carbonate or other oxidizing agents accomplishes this result quickly, although it is not as highly regarded.

methylene chloride methylene chloride

Mobile liquid with a pungent odor; harmful vapor. Organic solvent used for cellulose acetate plastic; degreasing and cleaning fluids; and in food processing. Pharmaceutical aid (solvent).

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine

MDMA

methylenesuccinic acid methylenesuccinic acid (meth´il-en-suk´sin-ik)

itaconic acid

methylene white methylene white

leucomethylene blue

methylenophil methylenophil , methylenophile (meth-i-len´o-fil, -fIl)

Staining readily with methylene blue; denoting certain cells and histologic structures.methylenophilic, methylenophilous; [methylene + G. philos, fond]

methylenophilic methylenophilic , methylenophilous (meth´i-le-no-fil´ik, meth´il-e-nof´i-lus)

methylenophil

methylergometrine maleate methylergometrine maleate (meth´il-er-go-met´ren)

methylergonovine maleate

methylergonovine maleate methylergonovine maleate (meth´il-er-go-no´ven)

d-Lysergic acid-dl-hydroxybutylamide-2 maleate;a partially synthesized derivative of lysergic acid with oxytocic action, used to prevent or treat postpartum uterine atony and hemorrhage.methylergometrine maleate;

methylglucamine methylglucamine (meth-il-glu´ka-men)

Cation commonly used in water-soluble iodinated radiographic contrast media.N-methylglucamine;
m. diatrizoate meglumine diatrizoate

N-methylglucamine N-methylglucamine

methylglucamine

3-methylglutaconic aciduria 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (meth-il-glu-ta-kon´ik)

Elevated levels of 3-methylglutaconic acid in the urine. An inherited disorder whose mild form is a result of a deficiency of 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase, leading to delayed speech development.

3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase

An enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of trans-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA and water to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA; this enzyme participates in the pathway for l-leucine degradation; a deficiency of this enzyme will result in 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.

methylglyoxal methylglyoxal (meth´il-glI-ok´sal)

CH₃-CO-CHO; Pyruvaldehyde;the aldehyde of pyruvic acid; an intermediate of carbohydrate metabolism in certain organisms.pyruvic aldehyde;
m. bis(guanylhydrazone) 1,1´-[(methylethanediylidene)dinitrilo]diguanidine;an antineoplastic agent.

methylglyoxalase methylglyoxalase (meth´il-glI-oks´a-las)

lactoylglutathione lyase

methyl green methyl green [C.I. 42585]

A basic triphenylmethane dye used as a chromatin stain and, in combination with pyronin, for differential staining of RNA (red) and DNA (green); also used as a tracking dye for DNA in electrophoresis.

methylhexaneamine methylhexaneamine (meth´il-hek-san´a-men, -min)

4-Methyl-2-hexylamine;a volatile sympathetic amine base, used as an inhalant nasal decongestant.

N-methylhistidine N-methylhistidine (meth´il-his´ti-den)

A methylated derivative of histidine found in actin; in the breakdown of actin and myosin, N-methylhistidine is released into the urine; urinary output of N-methylhistidine is a reliable index of the rate of myofibrillar protein breakdown in musculature.

methylkinase methylkinase (meth´il-kI´nas)

methyltransferase

methylmalonate semialdehyde methylmalonate semialdehyde (meth´il-ma-lon-at)

OHC-CH(CH₃)-COO^-;an intermediate in l-valine catabolism; elevated in certain inborn disorders.

methylmalonic acid methylmalonic acid (meth´il-ma-lon´ik)

2-Methylpropanedioic acid, an important intermediate in fatty acid metabolism; seen in elevated levels in cases of vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.isosuccinic acid;

methylmalonic acidemia methylmalonic acidemia

ketotic hyperglycinemia

methylmalonic aciduria methylmalonic aciduria

Excretion of excessive amounts of methylmalonic acid in urine owing to deficient activity of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase or deficient cobalamin reductase. Two types occur: 1) an inborn error of metabolism resulting in severe ketoacidosis shortly after birth, with long-chain urinary ketones; autosomal recessive inheritance [MIM*251000]; 2) acquired, a type due to vitamin B₁₂ deficiency [MIM*251110] due to defective synthesis of adenosylcobalamin.

methylmalonyl-CoA methylmalonyl-CoA

An intermediate in the degradation of several metabolites (e.g., valine, methionine, odd-chain fatty acids, theronine); elevated in cases of pernicious anemia.
m.-CoA epimerase an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of d-m.-CoA and l-m.-CoA.
m.-CoA mutase an enzyme that catalyzes a reversible interconversion of l-methylmalonyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA; a cobalamin-dependent enzyme; deficiency of this enzyme will result in methylmalonic acidemia.

methyl mercaptan methyl mercaptan (meth´il)

CH₃SH;a product of the degradation of cysteine by intestinal bacteria; it is also reduced to produce methane and H₂S.

methylmercury methylmercury

dimethylmercury

methylmorphine methylmorphine (meth-il-mor´fen)

codeine

methylol methylol (meth´i-lol)

Hydroxymethyl; the radical, -CH₂OH.

methyl orange methyl orange [C.I. 13025]

C₁₄H₁₄N₃O₃SNa;a weakly acid dye used as a pH indicator (red at 3.2, yellow at 4.4).helianthine;

methylose methylose (meth´i-los)

A sugar in which the carbon atom farthest from the carbonyl group is a methyl (CH₃).

methylparaben methylparaben (meth-il-par´a-ben)

Methylp-hydroxybenzoate;an antifungal preservative.methyl hydroxybenzoate;

methylpentose methylpentose (meth-il-pen´tos)

A hexose (a 6-deoxyhexose) in which carbon-6 is part of a methyl group; e.g., rhamnose, fucose.

methylphenidate hydrochloride methylphenidate hydrochloride (meth-il-fen´i-dat)

Methyl a-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate hydrochloride;a central nervous system stimulant used to produce mild cortical stimulation in various types of depressions; commonly used in the treatment of hyperkinetic or hyperactive (attention deficit disorder) children.

methylprednisolone methylprednisolone (meth´il-pred-nis´o-lon)

6-a-Methylprednisolone;an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid.
m. acetate 6-methylprednisolone 21 acetate;has the same actions and uses as m.; aqueous suspensions are suitable for intrasynovial and soft tissue injection.
sodium m. succinate sodium 6-methylprednisolone 21-succinate;it has the same metabolic and anti-inflammatory actions as the parent compound, m.; because of its solubility it can be administered in small volumes.

methyl red methyl red [C.I. 13020]

C₁₅H₁₅N₃O₂;a weakly acid dye used as a pH indicator (red at 4.8, yellow at 6.0); easily reduced with loss of color, and pH readings must be made rapidly.

5-methylresorcinol 5-methylresorcinol (meth´il-re-sor´sin-ol)

orcinol

methylrosaniline chloride methylrosaniline chloride (meth´il-ro-zan´i-len, -lin)

crystal violet

methyl salicylate methyl salicylate

Aromatic used in perfumery, for flavoring candies; Used as a component of liniments, it produces heat when rubbed into the skin (counterirritant).

methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE)

Used to dissolve gallbladder stones.

methyltestosterone methyltestosterone (meth´il-tes-tos´ter-on)

A methyl derivative of testosterone, with the same actions and uses, except that it is active when given orally or sublingually. Used in the treatment of hypogenitalism.17a-methyltestosterone;

17a-methyltestosterone 17a-methyltestosterone

methyltestosterone

N5-methyltetrahydrofolate N⁵-methyltetrahydrofolate (meth-il-tet´ra-hI-dro-fol-at)

An active one-carbon derivative of tetrahydrofolate that participates in the S-methylation of l-homocysteine.
N⁵-m.:homocysteine methyltransferase See methionine synthase.

methylthioadenosine methylthioadenosine (meth´il-thI´o-a-den´o-sen)

Adenosine carrying an -SCH₃ group in place of OH at position 5´; the -SCH₃ group is transferred to a-aminobutyric acid to form l-methionine in some bacteria. M. is formed from S-adenosyl-l-methionine in the course of spermidine synthesis by loss of the alanine moiety.thiomethyladenosine;

methylthiouracil methylthiouracil (meth´il-thI-o-yu´ra-sil)

6-Methyl-2-thiouracil;an antithyroid compound with the same action as propylthiouracil, but with a smaller dose required.

methyltocol methyltocol (meth-il-to´kol)

A methylated tocol; e.g., tocotrienol, the tocopherols.

methyltransferase methyltransferase (meth-il-trans´fer-as)

Any enzyme transferring methyl groups from one compound to another.demethylase, methylkinase, transmethylase;

methyl violet methyl violet [C.I. 42535]

Mixtures of tetra-, penta-, or pararosanilin which vary in shade of violet depending on the extent of methylation (designated R for reddish shades, B for bluish shades); the hexamethyl compound is known as crystal violet, the pentamenthyl compound as methyl violet 6B. As stains, m.v. has many bacteriological, histological, and cytological applications.

methylxanthines methylxanthines (meth´il-zan´thinz)

A chemical group of drugs derived from xanthine (a purine derivative); members of the group include theophylline, caffeine, and theobromine.

methyl yellow methyl yellow

butter yellow

methyprylon methyprylon , methyprylone (meth-i-prI´lon, -lon)

3,3-Diethyl-2,4-dioxo-5-methylpiperidine;a sedative and hypnotic.

methysergide maleate methysergide maleate (meth-i-ser´jId)

N-[1-(Hydroxymethyl)propyl]-1-methyl-d-lysergamide bimaleate;a serotonin antagonist, weakly adrenolytic, chemically related to methylergonovine; used in the prophylactic treatment of vascular headache (migraine); untoward effects are common.

methysticum methysticum (me-this´ti-kum)

The root of Piper methysticum (family Piperaceae), a plant of the Pacific islands, used by the natives as an intoxicant. It has been used in diarrhea and in inflammatory affection of the urogenital tract.kava (1);

metMb metMb

Abbreviation for metmyoglobin.

metmyoglobin (metMb) metmyoglobin (metMb) (met´mI-o-glo´bin)

Myoglobin in which the ferrous ion of the heme prosthetic group is oxidized to ferric ion.

metoclopramide hydrochloride metoclopramide hydrochloride (met´o-klo-pram´Id)

4-Amino-5-chloro-N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-o-anisamide hydrochloride;an antiemetic agent.

metocurine iodide metocurine iodide (met-o-kyur´en)

(+)-O,O´-dimethylchondrocurarine diiodide;a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent used to provide relaxation during surgical operations.dimethyl d-tubocurarine, dimethyl tubocurarine iodide;

metolazone metolazone (me-tol´a-zon)

7-Chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-o-tolyl-6-quinazolinesulfonamide;a diuretic with antihypertensive activity.

metonymy metonymy (me-ton´i-me)

Rarely used term for imprecise or circumscribed labeling of objects or events, said to be characteristic of the language disturbance of schizophrenics; e.g., the patient speaks of having had a "menu" rather than a "meal." [meta- + G. onyma, name]

metopagus metopagus (me-top´a-gus)

Conjoined twins united at the forehead. See conjoined twins, under twin. [G. metopon, forehead, + pagos, something fixed]

metopic metopic (me-to´pik, me-top´ik)

Relating to the forehead or anterior portion of the cranium. [G. metopon, forehead]

metopion metopion (me-to´pe-on)

A craniometric point midway between the frontal eminences.metopic point; [G. metopon, forehead]

metopism metopism (met´o-pizm)

Persistence of the frontal suture in the adult. [G. metopon, forehead]

metopoplasty metopoplasty (met´o-po-plas-te, me-top´o-plas-te)

Plastic surgery of the skin or bone of the forehead. [G. metopon, forehead, + plastos, formed]

metoposcopy metoposcopy (met´o-pos´ko-pe)

The study of physiognomy. [G. metopon, forehead, + skopeo, to view]

metoprolol tartrate metoprolol tartrate (me-to´pro-lol)

1-Isopropylamino-3-[p- (2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-2-propanol (2:1) dextrotartrate salt;a beta-adrenergic blocking agent used in the treatment of hypertension; exhibits some cardioselectivity.

Metorchis Metorchis (met-or´kis)

A genus of opisthorchid fish-borne flukes parasitic in the gallbladder of fish-eating mammals and birds, common in north temperate regions. M. conjunctus is a species that occurs in dogs and cats, and occasionally in humans, in North America. [G. meta, behind, + orchis, testicle]

metoxenous metoxenous (me-tok´se-nus)

heterecious [G. meta, beyond, + xenos, host]

metoxeny metoxeny (me-tok´se-ne)

1. heterecism 2. Change of host by a parasite. [G. meta, beyond, + xenos, host]

metr- metr- , metra- , metro-

The uterus. See also hystero- (1), utero-. [G. metra]

metra metra (me´tra)

uterus [G. uterus]

metratonia metratonia (me-tra-to´ne-a)

Atony of the uterine walls after childbirth. [metra- + G. a- priv. + tonos, tension]

metratrophy metratrophy , metratrophia (me-trat´ro-fe, me-tra-tro´fe-a)

Uterine atrophy. [metra-atrophy]

metria metria (me´tre-a)

Pelvic cellulitis or other inflammatory affection in the puerperal period. [G. metra, uterus]

metric metric (met´rik)

Quantitative; relating to measurement. See metric system. [G. metrikos, fr. metron, measure]

metrifonate metrifonate (me-trI´fo-nat)

trichlorfon

metriocephalic metriocephalic (met´re-o-se-fal´ik)

Having a head well proportioned to height; denoting a skull with an index between 72 and 77. See also orthocephalic. [G. metrios, moderate, fr. metron, measure, + kephale, head]

metritis metritis (me-trI´tis)

Inflammation of the uterus.uteritis; [G. metra, uterus, + -itis, inflammation]
contagious equine m. a highly contagious venereal disease of horses and other Equidae caused by the bacterium Taylorella equigenitalis that produces an endometritis, cervicitis, and vaginitis, affecting breeding and fertility.

metrizamide metrizamide (me-triz´a-mId)

metrizoate sodium

metrizoate sodium metrizoate sodium (met-ri-zo´at)

Sodium 3-acetamido-5-(N-methylacetamido)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoate;a diagnostic radiopaque medium.metrizamide;

metro- metro-

See metr-. [G. metra, uterus]

metrocyte metrocyte (me´tro-sIt)

mother cell [G. meter, mother, + kytos, a hollow (cell)]

metrodynamometer metrodynamometer (me-tro-dI´na-mom´e-ter)

Instrument for measuring the force of uterine contractions. [metro- + G. dynamis, power, + metron, measure]

metrodynia metrodynia (me-tro-dI´ne-a)

hysteralgia [metro- + G. odyne, pain]

metrofibroma metrofibroma (me´tro-fI-bro´ma)

A fibroma of the uterus.

metrography metrography (me-trog´ra-fe)

hysterography [metro- + G. grapho, to write]

metrolymphangitis metrolymphangitis (me´tro-lim-fan-jI´tis)

Inflammation of the uterine lymphatics. [metro- + lymphangitis]

metromalacia metromalacia (me´tro-ma-la´she-a)

Obsolete term for pathologic softening of the uterine tissues. [metro- + G. malakia, softness]

metromania metromania (met-ro-ma´ne-a)

Rarely used term for an incessant writing of verses. [G. metron, measure, + mania, frenzy]

metronidazole metronidazole (met-ro-ni´da-zol)

2-Methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol;an orally effective trichomonicide used in the treatment of infections caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and Entamoeba histolytica.

metronoscope metronoscope (me-tron´o-skop)

A tachistoscopic apparatus that exposes for timed intervals short selections of printed matter for reading; used in testing and developing reading speed. [G. metron, measure, + skopeo, to view]

metroparalysis metroparalysis (me´tro-pa-ral´i-sis)

Flaccidity or paralysis of the uterine muscle during or immediately after childbirth. [metro- + paralysis]

metropathia metropathia (me-tro-path´e-a)

metropathy [L.]
m. hemorrhag´ica abnormal, excessive, often continuous uterine bleeding due to persistence and exaggeration of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle; the endometrium is the seat of glandular hyperplasia with cyst formation. See Swiss cheese endometrium.

metropathic metropathic (me-tro-path´ik)

Relating to or caused by uterine disease.

metropathy metropathy (me-trop´a-the)

Any disease of the uterus, especially of the myometrium.metropathia; [metro- + G. pathos, suffering]

metroperitonitis metroperitonitis (me´tro-per-i-to-nI´tis)

Inflammation of the uterus involving the peritoneal covering.perimetritis; [metro- + peritonitis]

metrophlebitis metrophlebitis (me´tro-fle-bI´tis)

Inflammation of the uterine veins usually following childbirth. [metro- + G. phleps, vein, + -itis, inflammation]

metroplasty metroplasty (met´tro-plas-te, me´tro-)

uteroplasty

metrorrhagia metrorrhagia (me-tro-ra´je-a)

Any irregular, acyclic bleeding from the uterus between periods. [metro- + G. rhegnymi, to burst forth]
m. myopath´ica postpartum hemorrhage due to flaccidity of the uterine muscle.

metrorrhea metrorrhea (me´tro-re´a)

Discharge of mucus or pus from the uterus. [metro- + G. rhoia, a flow]

metrorrhexis metrorrhexis (me´tro-rek´sis)

hysterorrhexis [metro- + G. rhexis, rupture]

metrosalpingitis metrosalpingitis (me´tro-sal-pin-jI´tis)

Inflammation of the uterus and of one or both fallopian tubes. [metro- + G. salpinx, trumpet (oviduct), + -itis, inflammation]

metrosalpingography metrosalpingography (me´tro-sal-pin-gog´ra-fe)

hysterosalpingography [metro- + G. salpinx, tube, + grapho, to write]

metroscope metroscope (me´tro-skop)

hysteroscope [metro- + G. skopeo, to view]

metrostaxis metrostaxis (me-tro-stak´sis)

Small but continuous hemorrhage of the uterine mucous membrane. [metro- + G. staxis, a dripping]

metrostenosis metrostenosis (me´tro-ste-no´sis)

A narrowing of the uterine cavity. [metro- + G. stenosis, a narrowing]

metrotomy metrotomy (me-trot´o-me)

hysterotomy [metro- + G. tome, incision]

metyrapone metyrapone (me-tir´a-pon)

2-Methyl-1,2-di-3-pyridyl-1-propanone;an inhibitor of adrenocortical steroid C-11 beta-hydroxylation, administered orally or intravenously to determine the ability of the pituitary gland to increase its secretion of corticotropin; because 11-deoxycorticosteroids, as a consequence of m. administration, only weakly inhibit pituitary corticotropin secretion, the normal pituitary gland will appreciably increase its output of this hormone.mepyrapone;

metyrosine metyrosine (me-tI´ro-sin, -sen)

a-Methyl-p-tyrosine;an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase and therefore a powerful inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis; used for controlling the manifestations of pheochromocytoma, in preoperative preparation, or in instances where surgical resection is contraindicated or incomplete.

Mev Mev

Symbol for 1 million electron-volts.

mevalonate mevalonate (mev-a-lon´at)

The salt or ester of mevalonic acid.
m. kinase an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of m. and ATP to form ADP and m. 5-phosphate; this enzyme participates in the pathway for steroid synthesis; a deficiency of this enzyme will lead to mevalonic aciduria and lack of development.

mevalonic acid mevalonic acid (mev-a-lon´ik)

HOOC-₂C(OH)(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OH; 3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid;precursor of squalene, steroids, terpenes, and dolichol.

mevalonic aciduria mevalonic aciduria

Elevated levels of mevalonic acid in the urine; associated with a deficiency of mevalonate kinase.

mevastatin mevastatin (mev´a-stat-in)

Fungal metabolite which is a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-controlling enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. The drug, similar to lovastatin, pravastatin and simvastatin, is used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

mevinolin mevinolin (me-vin´o-lin)

lovastatin

mexenone mexenone (mek´se-non)

2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-4´-methylbenzophenone;a sun-screening agent.

mexiletine mexiletine (meks-il´e-ten)

A cardiac antiarrhythmic drug used to treat ventricular arrhythmias; resembles lidocaine in its actions but is orally effective.

mexiletine hydrochloride mexiletine hydrochloride (meks-il´e-ten)

1-(2,6-Dimethylphenoxy)-2-propanamine;an orally active antiarrhythmic agent used to suppress symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias; resembles lidocaine in its actions but is orally effective.

Meyenburg Meyenburg

H. von, Swiss pathologist, *1877. See M.'s complex, disease; M.-Altherr-Uehlinger syndrome; von M.'s disease.

Meyer Meyer

Adolf, U.S. psychiatrist, 1866-1950. See M.-Archambault loop.

Meyer Meyer

Edmund V., German laryngologist, 1864-1931. See M.'s cartilages, under cartilage.

Meyer Meyer

Georg H., Swiss anatomist, 1815-1892. See M.'s line, sinus.

Meyer Meyer

Hans H., German pharmacologist, 1853-1939. See M.-Overton rule, theory of narcosis.

Meyer Meyer

Willy, U.S. surgeon, 1854-1932. See M.'s reagent.

Meyer-Betz Meyer-Betz

Friedrich, 20th century German physician. See Meyer-Betz disease; Meyer-Betz syndrome.

Meyerhof Meyerhof

Otto F., German-U.S. biochemist and Nobel laureate, 1884-1951. See Embden-M. pathway; Embden-M.-Parnas pathway; M. oxidation quotient.

Meyer-Schwickerath Meyer-Schwickerath

Gerhard Rudolph Edmund, German ophthalmologist, *1920.

Meynert Meynert

Theodor H., Vienna neurologist, 1833-1892. See M.'s retroflex bundle, cells, under cell, commissures, under commissure, decussation, fasciculus, layer.

mezlocillin sodium mezlocillin sodium (mez-lo-sil´in)

C₂₁H₂₄NaN₅O₈S₂;an extended spectrum penicillin antibiotic used intravenously and intramuscularly.

Mg Mg

Symbol for magnesium.

mg mg

Symbol for milligram.

MGP MGP

Abbreviation for matrix Gla protein.

MHC MHC

Abbreviation for major histocompatibility complex.

mho mho (mo)

siemens [ohm reversed]

MHz MHz

Symbol for megahertz.

MI MI

Abbreviation for myocardial infarction.

mianserin hydrochloride mianserin hydrochloride (me-an´ser-in)

1,2,3,4,10,14b-Hexahydro-2-methyldibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2a]azepine monohydrochloride;an antihistaminic with antiserotonin activity.

Mibelli Mibelli

Vittorio, Italian dermatologist, 1860-1910. See M.'s angiokeratomas, under angiokeratoma, disease.

MIC MIC

Abbreviation for minimal inhibitory concentration.

micatosis micatosis (mI´ka-to-sis)

Pneumoconiosis due to inhalation of mica particles.

micellar micellar (mI-sel´er, mi-)

Having the properties of an assemblage of micelles, i.e., of a gel.

micelle micelle (mi-sel´, mI-sel´)

1. Nägeli's term for elongated sub(light)microscopic particles, detected in hydrogels, of supramolecular character and crystalline structure; now defined as one of two classes of colloidal particle: those consisting of many molecules, the other class being single macromolecules light- or submicroscopic in size. A m. is thus a structural unit of the disperse phase in a gel, a unit whose repetition in three dimensions constitutes the micellar structure of the gel; it does not denote the individual particles in free suspension or solution, or the unit structure of a crystal. 2. Any water-soluble aggregate, spontaneously and reversibly, formed from amphiphile molecules. [L. micella, small morsel, dim. of mica, morsel, grain]

Michaelis Michaelis

Leonor, German-U.S. chemist, 1875-1949. See M.-Gutmann body; M. constant; M.-Menten constant, equation, hypothesis.

Micheli Micheli

Ferdinando, Italian physician, 1872-1936. See Marchiafava-M. anemia, syndrome.

Michel's spur Michel's spur

See under spur.

miconazole nitrate miconazole nitrate (mI-kon´a-zol)

1-[2,4-Dichloro-beta-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]phenethyl]imidazole mononitrate;an antifungal agent.

micr- micr-

See micro-.

micracoustic micracoustic (mI´kra-ku´stik)

1. Relating to faint sounds. 2. Magnifying very faint sounds so as to make them audible.microcoustic; [micro- + G. akoustikos, relating to hearing, fr. akouo, to hear]

micrencephalia micrencephalia (mI´kren-se-fa´le-a)

micrencephaly

micrencephalous micrencephalous (mI-kren-sef´a-lus)

Having a small brain.

micrencephaly micrencephaly (mI-kren-sef´a-le)

Abnormal smallness of the brain.micrencephalia, microencephaly; [micro- + G. enkephalos, brain]

micro- micro- , micr-

1. Prefixes denoting smallness. 2. (mu) Prefix used in the SI and metric systems to signify one-millionth (10^-6) of such unit. 3. In chemistry, prefix to terms denoting chemical examination, methods, etc. that utilize minimal quantities of the substance to be examined; e.g., a drop or two in place of one or more milliliters. 4. Combining forms meaning microscopic; opposite of macro-, megalo-. [G. mikros, small]

microabscess microabscess (mI´kro-ab´ses)

A very small circumscribed collection of leukocytes in solid tissues.
Munro's m. a microscopic collection of polymorphonuclear leukocytes found in the stratum corneum in psoriasis.Munro's abscess;
Pautrier's m. a microscopic lesion in the epidermis, seen in mycosis fungoides; it is composed of the same type of atypical mononuclear cells as those that form the infiltrate in the corium.Pautrier's abscess;

microadenoma microadenoma (mI´kro-ad-e-no´ma)

A pituitary adenoma less than 10 mm in diameter.

microaerobion microaerobion (mI´kro-a-ro´bI-on)

A microaerophilic microorganism.

microaerophil microaerophil , microaerophile (mI-kro-ar´o-fil, -fIl)

1. An aerobic bacterium that requires oxygen, but less than is present in the air, and grows best under modified atmospheric conditions. 2. Relating to such an organism.microaerophilic, microaerophilous; [micro- + G. aer, air, + philos, fond]

microaerophilic microaerophilic (mI´kro-ar-o-fil´ik)

microaerophil (2)

microaerophilous microaerophilous (mI´kro-ar-of´i-lus)

microaerophil (2)

microaerosol microaerosol (mI-kro-ar´o-sol)

A suspension in air of particles that are submicronic or, more frequently, from 1 to 10 mum in diameter.

microanalysis microanalysis (mI´kro-a-nal´i-sis)

Analytic techniques involving unusually small samples.

microanastomosis microanastomosis (mI´kro-a-nas-to-mo´sis)

Anastomosis of minute structures performed under a surgical microscope.

microanatomist microanatomist (mI´kro-a-nat´o-mist)

histologist

microanatomy microanatomy (mI´kro-a-nat´o-me)

histology

microaneurysm microaneurysm (mI´kro-an´yu-rizm)

Focal dilation of retinal capillaries occurring in diabetes mellitus, retinal vein obstruction, and absolute glaucoma, or of arteriolocapillary junctions in many organs in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

microangiography microangiography (mI´kro-an-je-og´ra-fe)

Radiography of the finer vessels of an organ after the injection of a contrast medium and enlargement of the resulting radiograph.microarteriography; [micro- + angiography]

microangiopathy microangiopathy (mI´kro-an-je-op´a-the)

capillaropathy
thrombotic m. thrombosis within small blood vessels, as in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

microangioscopy microangioscopy (mI´kro-an-je-os´ko-pe)

capillarioscopy

microarteriography microarteriography (mI´kro-ar-ter-e-og´ra-fe)

microangiography

microbalance microbalance (mI´kro-bal-ans)

A balance designed for use in weighing unusually small samples of materials.

microbe microbe (mI´krob)

Any very minute organism. As originated, the word was intended as a collective term for the large variety of microorganisms then known in the 19th century; modern usage has retained the original collective meaning but expanded it to include both microscopic and ultramicroscopic organisms (spirochetes, bacteria, rickettsiae, and viruses). These organisms are considered to form a biologically distinctive group, in that the genetic material is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane, and mitosis does not occur during replication. [Fr., fr. G. mikros, small, + bios, life]

microbial microbial (mI-kro´be-al)

Relating to a microbe or to microbes.microbic, microbiotic (2);

microbial associates microbial associates (mI-kro´be-al a-so´she-ats)

flora (2)

microbic microbic (mI-kro´bik)

microbial

microbicidal microbicidal (mI-kro´bi-sI´dal)

Destructive to microbes.microbicide (1);

microbicide microbicide (mI-kro´bi-sId)

1. microbicidal 2. An agent destructive to microbes; a germicide; an antiseptic. [microbe + L. caedo, to kill]

microbid microbid (mI-kro´bid)

Cutaneous allergic response to superficial bacterial infection. [micro- + G. bios, life, + eides, resembling]

microbiologic microbiologic (mI´kro-bI-o-loj´ik)

Relating to microbiology.

microbiologist microbiologist (mI´kro-bI-ol´o-jist)

One who specializes in the science of microbiology.

microbiology microbiology (mI´kro-bI-ol´o-je)

The science concerned with microorganisms, including fungi, protozoa, bacteria, and viruses. [Fr. microbiologie]

microbiotic microbiotic (mI´kro-bI-ot´ik)

1. Short-lived. 2. microbial

microbism microbism (mI´kro-bizm)

Infection with microbes.
latent m. the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the body that elicit no symptoms; the condition of a pathogen carrier.

microblast microblast (mI´kro-blast)

A small, nucleated, red blood cell. [micro- + G. blastos, sprout, germ]

microblepharia microblepharia (mI´kro-ble-far´e-a)

microblepharon

microblepharism microblepharism (-blef´ar-izm)

microblepharon

microblepharon microblepharon (-blef´a-ron)

Eyelids with abnormal vertical shortness.microblepharia, microblepharism; [micro + G. blepharon, eyelid + ia, condition]

microbody microbody (mI´kro-bod-e)

peroxisome

microbrachia microbrachia (mI-kro-bra´ke-a)

Abnormal smallness of the arms. [micro- + G. brachion, arm]

microbrenner microbrenner (mI-kro-bren´er)

An electric cautery with needle point. [micro- + Ger. Brenner, burner]

microcardia microcardia (mI-kro-kar´de-a)

Abnormal smallness of the heart. [micro- + G. kardia, heart]

microcentrum microcentrum (mI-kro-sen´trum)

cytocentrum [micro- + G. kentron, center]

microcephalia microcephalia (mI-kro-se-fa´le-a)

microcephaly

microcephalic microcephalic (mI´kro-se-fal´ik)

Having a small head.microcephalous, nanocephalous, nanocephalic;

microcephalism microcephalism (mI-kro-sef´a-lizm)

microcephaly

microcephalous microcephalous (mI-kro-sef´a-lus)

microcephalic

microcephaly microcephaly (mI-kro-sef´a-le)

Abnormal smallness of the head; applied to a skull with a capacity below 1350 ml. Usually associated with mental retardation.microcephalia, microcephalism, nanocephalia, nanocephaly; [micro- + G. kephale, head]
encephaloclastic m. complex growth disturbances in the brain as a result of regressive changes in fetal life.
schizencephalic m. dysgenic process resulting in focal cerebral defects.

microcheilia microcheilia , microchilia (mI-kro-kI´le-a)

Smallness of the lips. [micro- + G. cheilos, lip]

microcheiria microcheiria , microchiria (mI-kro-kI´re-a)

Smallness of the hands. [micro- + G. cheir, hand]

microchemistry microchemistry (mI-kro-kem´is-tre)

The use of chemical procedures involving minute quantities or reactions not visible to the unaided eye. Cf. macrochemistry.

microcide microcide (mI´kro-sId)

glucose oxidase

microcinematography microcinematography (mI´kro-sin-e-ma-tog´ra-fe)

The application of moving pictures taken through magnifying lenses to the study of an organ or system in motion; e.g., the circulation in living embryos. [micro- + G. kinema, movement, + grapho, to write]

microcirculation microcirculation (mI´kro-sir-kyu-la´shun)

Passage of blood in the smallest vessels, namely arterioles, capillaries, and venules.

Micrococcaceae Micrococcaceae (mI´kro-kok-a´se-e)

A family of bacteria (order Eubacteriales) containing Gram-positive spherical cells which occur singly or in pairs, tetrads, packets, irregular masses, or even chains. Rarely are these organisms motile. Free-living, saprophytic, parasitic, and pathogenic species occur. The type genus is Micrococcus.

micrococci micrococci (mI´kro-kok´sI)

Plural of micrococcus.

Micrococcus Micrococcus (mI´kro-kok-us)

A genus of bacteria (family Micrococcaceae) containing Gram-positive, spherical cells that occur in irregular masses, never in packets. Some species are motile or produce motile mutants. These organisms are saprophytic, facultatively parasitic, or parasitic but are not truly pathogenic. The type species is M. luteus. It is the type genus of the family Micrococcaceae. [micro- + G. kokkos, berry]
M. can´didus a species found in skin secretions, milk, and dairy products.
M. conglomera´tus a species found in infections, milk, dairy products, dairy utensils, and water.
M. cryoph´ilus a species found in frozen meat products.
M. lu´teus a saphrophytic species found in milk and dairy products and on dust particles; it is the type species of the genus M.
M. morrhu´ae former name for Halococcus morrhuae.
M. ure´ae a species found in stale urine or in soil containing urine.
M. var´ians a species found in body secretions, dairy products, dairy utensils, dust, and fresh and salt water.

micrococcus micrococcus, pl. micrococci (mI´kro-kok´us, -kok´sI)

A vernacular term used to refer to any member of the genus Micrococcus.

microcolitis microcolitis (mI´kro-ko-lI´tis)

Colitis that is not seen by endoscopy, but in which microscopic examination of biopsies shows nonspecific mucosal inflammation.

microcolon microcolon (mI´kro-ko-lon)

A small-caliber unused colon, seen in the neonate on radiographic contrast enema; usually a consequence of intestinal atresia or meconium ileus.

microcolony microcolony (mI´kro-kol-o-ne)

A colony of bacteria visible only under a low power microscope.

microconidium microconidium, pl. microconidia (mI´kro-ko-nid´e-um, -a)

In fungi, the smaller of two distinctively different-sized types of conidia in a single species, usually single-celled and spherical, ovoid, pyriform, or clavate.

microcoria microcoria (mI-kro-ko´re-a)

A congenitally small pupil with an inability to dilate. [micro- + G. kore, pupil]

microcornea microcornea (mI´kro-kor´ne-a)

An abnormally small cornea.

microcoulomb (muC) microcoulomb (muC) (mI-kro-ku´lom)

One-millionth of a coulomb.

microcoustic microcoustic (mI´kro-ku´stik)

micracoustic

microcrystalline microcrystalline (mI´kro-krys´ta-lin)

Occurring in minute crystals.

microcurie (muCi) microcurie (muCi) (mI´kro-kyu´re)

One-millionth of a curie; a quantity of any radionuclide with 3.7 x 10⁴ disintegrations per second.

microcyst microcyst (mI´kro-sist)

A tiny cyst, frequently of such dimensions that a magnifying lens or microscope is required for observation.

microcyte microcyte (mI´kro-sIt)

A small (5 mum or less) non-nucleated red blood cell.microerythrocyte; [micro- + G. kytos, cell]

microcythemia microcythemia (mI´kro-sI-the´me-a)

The presence of many microcytes in the circulating blood.microcytosis; [microcyte + G. haima, blood]

microcytosis microcytosis (mI´kro-sI-to´sis)

microcythemia [microcyte + G. -osis, condition]

microdactylia microdactylia (mI´kro-dak-til´e-a)

microdactyly

microdactylous microdactylous (mI-kro-dak´ti-lus)

Relating to or characterized by microdactyly.

microdactyly microdactyly (mI-kro-dak´ti-le)

Smallness or shortness of the fingers or toes.microdactylia; [micro- + G. dactylos, finger, toe]

microdissection microdissection (mI´kro-di-sek´shun)

Dissection of tissues under a microscope or magnifying glass, usually done by teasing the tissues apart by means of needles.

microdont microdont (mI´kro-dont)

Having small teeth; denoting a skull with a dental index below 41.9. [micro- + G. odous (odont-), tooth]

microdontia microdontia , microdontism (mI-kro-don´she-a, -don´tizm)

A condition in which a single tooth, or pairs of teeth, or the whole dentition, may be disproportionately small. [micro- + G. odous, tooth]

microdose microdose (mI´kro-dos)

A very small dose.

microdrepanocytosis microdrepanocytosis (mI´kro-drep´a-no-sI-to´sis)

A chronic hemolytic anemia resulting from interaction of the genes for sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. [microcytosis + drepanocytosis]

microdysgenesia microdysgenesia (mI´kro-dis-ge-ne´se-a)

Increase in partially distopic neurons in the stratum zonale, white matter, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex, producing an indistinct border between cortex and subcortical white matter and a columnar arrangement of cortical neurons; seen in patients with primary generalized epilepsy. [micro- + dys- + G. genesis, production]

microelectrode microelectrode (mI´kro-e-lek´trod)

An electrode of very fine caliber consisting usually of a fine wire or a glass tube of capillary diameter (10 mum to 1 mm) drawn to a fine point and filled with saline or a metal such as gallium or indium (while melted); used in physiologic experiments to stimulate or to record action currents of extracellular or intracellular origin.

microelements microelements (mI´kro-el´e-ments)

trace elements, under element

microencephaly microencephaly (mI´kro-en-sef´a-le)

micrencephaly

microerythrocyte microerythrocyte (mI´kro-e-rith´ro-sIt)

microcyte

microevolution microevolution (mI´kro-ev-o-lu´shun)

The evolution of bacteria and other microorganisms through mutations.

microfibril microfibril (mi-kro-fi´bril)

A very small fibril having an average diameter of 13 nm; it may be a bundle of still smaller elements, the microfilaments.

microfilament microfilament (mI-kro-fil´a-ment)

The finest filamentous element of the cytoskeleton, having a diameter of about 5 nm and consisting primarily of actin. See also actin filament.

microfilaremia microfilaremia (mI´kro-fil-a-re´me-a)

Infection of the blood with microfilariae. M. caused by Wuchereria bancrofti is characterized by sharp nocturnal periodicity, apparently tied to the nocturnal habits of the vector mosquitoes; in geographic areas where mosquitoes are not strictly night-biters (as in parts of Polynesia), the microfilarial periodicity is modified or absent. See also periodic filariasis.

microfilaria microfilaria, pl. microfilariae (mI´kro-fi-lar´e-a, -e)

Term for embryos of filarial nematodes in the family Onchocercidae. In the past this term has been used as a generic designation (e.g., Microfilaria bancrofti, M. malaya). See Filaria.

microfilm microfilm (mI´kro-film)

1. A photographic film bearing greatly reduced images of printed records. 2. To record on microfilm.

microflora microflora (mI´kro-flo-ra)

The bacteria and fungi that inhabit an area.

microgamete microgamete (mI-kro-gam´et)

The male element in anisogamy, or conjugation of cells of unequal size; it is the smaller of the two cells and actively motile. [micro- + G. gametes, husband]

microgametocyte microgametocyte (mI-kro-gam´e-to-sIt)

The mother cell producing the microgametes, or male elements of sexual reproduction in sporozoan protozoans and fungi.microgamont;

microgamont microgamont (mI-kro-gam´ont)

microgametocyte

microgamy microgamy (mI-krog´a-me)

Conjugation between two young cells, the recent product of sporulation or some other form of reproduction. [micro- + G. gamos, marriage]

microgastria microgastria (mI-kro-gas´tre-a)

Smallness of the stomach. [micro- + G. gaster, stomach]

microgenia microgenia (mI-kro-jen´e-a)

Abnormal smallness of the chin resulting from the underdevelopment of the mental symphysis. [micro- + G. geneion, chin]

microgenitalism microgenitalism (mI-kro-jen´i-tal-izm)

Abnormal smallness of the external genital organs.

microglia microglia (mI-krog´le-a)

Small neuroglial cells, possibly of mesodermal origin, which may become phagocytic, in areas of neural damage or inflammation.Hortega cells, microglia cells, microglial cells; [micro- + G. glia, glue]

microgliacyte microgliacyte (mI-krog´le-a-sIt)

A cell, especially an embryonic cell, of the microglia. [micro- + G. glia, glue, + kytos, cell]

microglioma microglioma (mI-krog´le-o´ma)

Obsolete term for an intracranial neoplasm of microglial cell origin that is structurally similar to lymphoma. [microglia + G. -oma, tumor]

microgliomatosis microgliomatosis (mI´kro-gle-o-ma-to´sis)

Obsolete term for a condition characterized by the presence of multiple microgliomas.

microgliosis microgliosis (mI-krog´le-o´sis)

Presence of microglia in nervous tissue secondary to injury. [microglia + G. -osis, condition]

microglobulin microglobulin (mI´kro-glob´u-lin)

Any serum or urinary globulin of molecular mass below about 40 kDa, including especially Bence Jones proteins, under protein.
beta-m. a polypeptide of 11,600 Da that forms the light chain of class 1 major histocompatibility antigens and can therefore be detected on all cells bearing these antigens. Free beta microglobulin is found in the blood and urine of patients with certain diseases, including Wilson's disease, cadmium poisoning, and renal tubular acidosis.
beta₂-m. the light chain of the histocompatibility class I molecule. This chain is invariant within a given species; found in elevated levels in individuals with Wilson's disease.

microglossia microglossia (mI-kro-glos´e-a)

Smallness of the tongue. [micro- + G. glossa, tongue]

micrognathia micrognathia (mI-kro-na´the-a, mI-krog-nath´e-a)

Abnormal smallness of the jaws, especially of the mandible. [micro- + G. gnathos, jaw]
m. with peromelia hypoplasia of the mandible with malformed and missing teeth, birdlike face, and severe deformities of the hands and forearms and sometimes of feet and legs.Hanhart's syndrome;

microgram (mug) microgram (mug) (mI´kro-gram)

One-millionth of a gram.

micrograph micrograph (mI´kro-graf)

1. An instrument that magnifies the microscopic movements of a diaphragm by means of light interference and records them on a moving photographic film; may be used for recording various pulse curves, sound waves, and any forms of motion that may be communicated through the air to a diaphragm. 2. photomicrograph [micro- + G. grapho, to write]
electron m. the image produced by the electron beam of an electron microscope, recorded on an electron-sensitive plate or film.
light m. a photograph produced by means of a light microscope.

micrography micrography (mI-krog´ra-fe)

1. Writing with very minute letters, sometimes observed in psychoses and in paralysis agitans. 2. A description of objects seen with a microscope. 3. photomicrography [micro- + G. grapho, to write]

microgyria microgyria (mI-kro-jI´re-a)

Abnormal narrowness of the cerebral convolutions. [micro- + G. gyros, convolution]

microhepatia microhepatia (mI-kro-he-pat´e-a)

Abnormal smallness of the liver. [micro- + G. hepar (hepat-), liver]

microheterogeneity microheterogeneity (mI´kro-het´er-o-je-ne´i-te;ne´i-te)

Slight differences in structure between essentially identical molecules; e.g., in the saccharide portion of a glycoprotein.

microhm (muOMEGA) microhm (muOMEGA) (mI´krom)

One-millionth of an ohm.micro-ohm;

microincineration microincineration (mI´kro-in-sin´e-ra´shun)

Combustion, in a furnace, of organic constituents in a tissue section so that the remaining mineral ash can be examined microscopically.spodography;

microincision microincision (mI-kro-in-sizh´un)

An incision made with the aid of a microscope.

microinjector microinjector (mI´kro-in-jek-tor)

An instrument for infusion of very small amounts of fluids or drugs into animals or humans.

microinvasion microinvasion (mI´kro-in-va´zhun)

Invasion of tissue immediately adjacent to a carcinoma in situ, the earliest stage of malignant neoplastic invasion.

microkatal microkatal (mI´kro-kat´al)

One-millionth of a katal.

microkymatotherapy microkymatotherapy (mI´kro-kI-mat´o-thar´a-pe)

Treatment with high frequency radiations of 3,000,000,000 Hz (3000 MHz), at a wavelength of 10 cm.microwave therapy; [micro- + G. kyma, a wave, + therapeia, treatment]

microleukoblast microleukoblast (mI-kro-lu´ko-blast)

micromyeloblast

microliter (mul, lambda) microliter (mul, lambda) (mI´kro-le-ter)

One-millionth of a liter.

microlith microlith (mI´kro-lith)

A minute calculus, usually multiple and constituting a coarse sand called gravel. [micro- + G. lithos, stone]

microlithiasis microlithiasis (mI-kro-li-thI´a-sis)

The formation, presence, or discharge of minute concretions, or gravel.
pulmonary alveolar m. microscopic granules of calcium or bone disseminated throughout the lungs.

micrology micrology (mI-krol´o-je)

The science concerned with microscopic objects, of which histology is a branch. [micro- + G. logos, study]

micromania micromania (mI-kro-ma´ne-a)

A delusion of self-depreciation, or that one's own body is of minute size. [micro- + G. mania, frenzy]

micromanipulation micromanipulation (mI´kro-ma-nip´yu-la´shun)

Dissection, teasing, stimulation, etc., under the microscope, of minute structures; e.g., tissue cells or unicellular organisms.

micromanipulator micromanipulator (mI´kro-ma-nip´yu-la´ter, -tor)

An instrument used in micromanipulation, whereby microdissection, microinjection, and other maneuvers are performed, usually with the aid of a microscope.

micromazia micromazia (mI-kro-ma´ze-a)

Condition in which the breasts are rudimentary and functionless. [micro- + G. mazos, breast]

micromelia micromelia (mI-kro-me´le-a)

Condition of having disproportionately short or small limbs. See also achondroplasia.nanomelia; [micro- + G. melos, limb]

micromere micromere (mI´kro-mer)

A blastomere of small size; for example, one of the blastomeres at the animal pole of an amphibian egg. [micro- + G. meros, a part]

micromerozoite micromerozoite (mI´kro-mer-o-zo´It)

A small merozoite.

micrometastasis micrometastasis (mI´kro-me-tas´ta-sis)

A stage of metastasis when the secondary tumors are too small to be clinically detected, as in micrometastatic disease.

micrometastatic micrometastatic (mI´kro-met-a-stat´ik)

Denoting or characterized by micrometastasis, as in m. disease.

micrometer (mum) micrometer (mum) (mI-krom´e-ter)

One-millionth of a meter; a device for measuring various types of objects in an accurate and precise manner; in medicine and biology, the term is usually used with reference to a glass slide or lens that is accurately marked for measuring microscopic forms. [micro- + G. metron, measure]
caliper m. a gauge with a calibrated m. screw for the measurement of thin objects such as microscope cover glasses and slides.
filar m. an ocular micrometer with a line moved by a ruled drum such that a movement of the line of 5 mum or less may be made in relation to fixed parallel lines.
ocular m. a glass disk that fits in a microscope eyepiece and that has a ruled scale; when calibrated with a slide m., direct measurements of a microscopic object can be made.
slide m. a scale made on a microscope slide with lines ruled in divisions, usually, of 0.01 mm; typically used to calibrate an ocular m.

micrometry micrometry (mI-krom´e-tre)

Measurement of objects with some type of micrometer and a microscope.

micromicro- (mumu) micromicro- (mumu)

Prefix formerly used to signify one-trillionth (10^-12); now pico-.

micromicrogram (mumug) micromicrogram (mumug) (mI´kro-mI´kro-gram)

Former term for picogram.

micromicron (mumu) micromicron (mumu) (mI-kro-mI´kron)

Former term for picometer.

microminerals microminerals (mI-kro-min´er-alz)

trace elements, under element

micromolar (muM) micromolar (muM) (mI-kro-mo´lar)

Denoting a concentration of 10^-6 mole per liter (10^-6 m or 1 mum).

micromole (mumol) micromole (mumol) (mI´kro-mol)

One-millionth of a mole.

micromotoscope micromotoscope (mI´kro-mo´to-skop)

A cinematoscope for representing the movements of amebas and other motile microscopic objects. [micro- + L. motus, motion, + G. skopeo, to view]

micromyelia micromyelia (mI´kro-mI-e´le-a)

Abnormal smallness or shortness of the spinal cord. [micro- + G. myelos, marrow]

micromyeloblast micromyeloblast (mI-kro-mI´el-o-blast)

A small myeloblast, often the predominating cell in myeloblastic leukemia.microleukoblast;

micron (mu) micron (mu) (mI´kron)

Former term for micrometer.

microneedle microneedle (mI´kro-ne´dl)

A small glass needle used in micrurgical manipulation.

microneme microneme (mI´kro-nem)

A small, osmiophilic, cordlike twisted organelle found in the anterior region of many sporozoans; one of the characteristics that helps to define the subphylum Apicomplexa.sarconeme; [micro- + G. nema, thread]

micronic micronic (mI-kron´ik)

Of the size of 1 micron (micrometer).

micronodular micronodular (mI´kro-nod´yu-lar)

Characterized by the presence of minute nodules; denoting a somewhat coarser appearance than that of a granular tissue or substance. [G. mikros, small]

micronucleus micronucleus (mI-kro-nu´kle-us)

1. A small nucleus in a large cell, or the smaller nuclei in cells that have two or more such structures. 2. The smaller of the two nuclei in ciliates dividing mitotically and bearing specific inheritable material.gametic nucleus, germ nucleus, gonad nucleus, karyogonad, reproductive nucleus; See also macronucleus (2).

micronutrients micronutrients (mI-kro-nu´tre-ents)

Essential food factors required in only small quantities by the body; e.g., vitamins, trace minerals.trace nutrient;

micronychia micronychia (mI-kro-nik´e-a)

Abnormal smallness of nails. [micro- + G. onyx, nail]

micronystagmus micronystagmus (mI´kro-nis-tag´mus)

Nystagmus of so small an amplitude that it is not detected by the usual clinical tests.minimal amplitude nystagmus; [micro- + G. nystagmos, a nodding]

micro-ohm micro-ohm (mI´kro-om)

microhm

microorganism microorganism (mI´kro-or´gan-izm)

A microscopic organism (plant or animal).

microparasite microparasite (mI-kro-par´a-sIt)

A parasitic microorganism.

micropathology micropathology (mI´kro-pa-thol´o-je)

The microscopic study of disease changes. [micro- + G. pathos, suffering, + logos, study]

micropenis micropenis (mI-kro-pe´nis)

Abnormally small penis.microphallus;

microphage microphage (mI´kro-faj)

A polymorphonuclear leukocyte that is phagocytic. See also phagocyte.microphagocyte; [micro- + phag(ocyte)]

microphagocyte microphagocyte (mI-kro-faj´o-sIt)

microphage

microphallus microphallus (mI-kro-fal´us)

micropenis

microphobia microphobia (mI-kro-fo´be-a)

Fear of minute objects, microorganisms, germs, etc. [micro- + G. phobos, fear]

microphone microphone (mI´kro-fon)

An instrument for converting sounds to electrical impulses. [micro- + G. phone, sound]

microphonia microphonia , microphony (mI-kro-fo´ne-a, mI-krof´o-ne)

hypophonia [micro- + G. phone, voice]

microphonoscope microphonoscope (mI-kro-fo´no-skop)

A stethoscope with a diaphragm attachment for magnifying the sound.

microphotograph microphotograph (mI-kro-fo´to-graf)

A minute photograph of any object, as distinguished from a photomicrograph.

microphthalmia microphthalmia (mI´krof-thal´me-a)

microphthalmos

microphthalmos microphthalmos (-thal´mos)

Abnormal smallness of the eye.microphthalmia, nanophthalmia, nanophthalmos; [micro + G. ophthalmos, eye]

micropipette micropipette , micropipet (mI´kro-pi-pet´, -pI-pet´)

A pipette designed for the measurement of very small volumes.

microplania microplania (mI-kro-pla´ne-a)

Decreased horizontal diameter of erythrocytes. [micro- + L. planus, flat]

microplasia microplasia (mI-kro-pla´ze-a)

Stunted growth, as in dwarfism. [micro- + G. plasis, a shaping, forming]

microplethysmography microplethysmography (mI´kro-pleth-iz-mog´ra-fe)

The technique of measuring minute changes in the volume of a part as a result of blood flow into or out of it.

micropodia micropodia (mI-kro-po´de-a)

Abnormal smallness of the feet. [micro- + G. pous, foot]

micropore micropore (mI´kro-por)

An organelle formed by the pellicle of all stages of sporozoan protozoa of the subphylum Apicomplexa and also found in developmental stages that may lack the inner pellicle layer; it is composed of two concentric rings (in transverse section), the inner of which corresponds with an invagination of the outer pellicle membrane. M.'s thus far observed seem to serve as feeding organelles; their role in nonfeeding developmental forms is unknown. [micro- + G. poros, pore]

micropromyelocyte micropromyelocyte (mI´kro-pro-mI´el-o-sIt)

A cell derived from a promyelocyte.

microprosopia microprosopia (mI´kro-pro-so´pe-a)

A condition characterized by an abnormally small or imperfectly developed face. [micro- + G. prosopon, face]

micropsia micropsia (mI-krop´se-a)

Perception of objects as smaller than they are. [micro- + G. opsis, sight]

micropuncture micropuncture (mI´kro-punk-chur)

A puncture made with the aid of a microscope.

micropyle micropyle (mI´kro-pIl)

1. Minute opening believed to exist in the investing membrane of certain ova as a point of entrance for the spermatozoon. 2. Former name for micropore. [micro- + G. pyle, gate]

microradiography microradiography (mI´kro-ra-de-og´ra-fe)

Making radiographs of histologic sections of tissue for enlargement. See also historadiography.

microrefractometer microrefractometer (mI´kro-re-frak-tom´e-ter)

A refractometer used in the study of blood cells.

microrespirometer microrespirometer (mI´kro-res-pi-rom´e-ter)

An apparatus for measuring the utilization of oxygen by small particles of isolated tissues or cells or particles of cells.

microsaccades microsaccades (mI´kro-sa-kadz´)

Minute to and fro movements of the eyes. [micro- + Fr. saccade, sudden check (of a horse)]

microscintigraphy microscintigraphy (mI´kro-sin-tig´ra-fe)

Imaging of small anatomic structures by use of a radionuclide in conjunction with a special collimator which "magnifies" the image; for example, the use of technetium-99m in conjunction with a pinhole collimator to image the lacrimal drainage. [micro- + scintigraphy]

microscope microscope (mI´kro-skop)

An instrument that gives an enlarged image of an object or substance that is minute or not visible with the naked eye; usually the term denotes a compound m.; for low magnifications the term simple m., or magnifying glass, is used. [micro- + G. skopeo, to view]
binocular m. a m. having two eyepieces; it may be a compound m. or a stereoscopic m.
color-contrast m. a type of m. in which the condenser stop is of one color and the annulus is a complement of it so that unstained objects are observed in one color on a field of the other.
comparator m. a device constructed with one or more m.'s having micrometer eyepieces used to measure dimensional changes during setting or temperature changes.
compound m. a m. having two or more magnifying lenses.
confocal m. a m. that allows the observer to visualize objects in a single plane of focus, thereby creating a sharper image (usually the objects are fluorescent molecules); a refinement of this m. uses optical sectioning and a computer to record serial sections. This permits three-dimensional reconstruction.
dark-field m. a m. that has a special condenser and objective with a diaphragm or stop that scatters light from the object observed, with the result that the object appears bright on a dark background.
electron m. a visual and photographic m. in which electron beams with wavelengths thousands of times shorter than visible light are utilized in place of light, thereby allowing much greater resolution and magnification; in this technique, the electrons are transmitted through a very thin section of an embedded and dehydrated specimen maintained in a vacuum.
fluorescence m. See fluorescence microscopy.
flying spot m. a m. in which a moving spot of light is imaged in the object plane, the energy transmitted by the specimen being detected with a photoelectric cell; the light source may be a cathode ray tube, a scanning disk or drum, or an oscillating mirror.
infrared m. a m. that is equipped with infrared transmitting optics and that measures the infrared absorption of minute samples with the aid of photoelectric cells; images may be observed with image converters or television.
interference m. a specially constructed m. in which the entering light is split into two beams which pass through the specimen and are recombined in the image plane where the interference effects make the transparent (invisible) refractile object details become visible as intensity differences; permits measurements of light retardation, index of refraction, and thickness and mass of specimen; it is useful in the examination of living or unstained cells.
laser m. a m. in which a laser beam is focused on a microscopic field, causing it to vaporize; the emitted radiation is analyzed by means of a microspectrophotometer; at a low intensity the laser is employed as the light source in an interference m.
light m. a class of m. that forms a magnified image using visible light.
opaque m. epimicroscope
operating m. surgical m
phase m. , phase-contrast m. a specially constructed m. that has a special condenser and objective containing a phase-shifting ring whereby small differences in index of refraction are made visible as intensity or contrast differences in the image; particularly useful for examining structural details in transparent specimens such as living or unstained cells and tissues.
polarizing m. a m. equipped with a polarizing filter below and above the specimen which forms an image by the influence of specimen birefringence on polarized light; the polarizing direction of the two filters is typically adjustable which, together with a graduated rotating stage, permits measurement of the angular value of different refractive indices in either biological or chemical specimens.
Rheinberg m. a modified form of dark-field m. in which the central opaque stop in the condenser is replaced by a colored filter, producing a background of contrasting color against which the specimen is illuminated.
scanning electron m. a m. in which the object in a vacuum is scanned in a raster pattern by a slender electron beam, generating reflected and secondary electrons from the specimen surface that are used to modulate the image on a synchronously scanned cathode ray tube; with this method a three-dimensional image is obtained, with both high resolution and great depth of focus.
simple m. , single m. a m. that has a single magnifying lens.
stereoscopic m. a m. having double eyepieces and objectives and thus independent light paths, giving a three-dimensional image.
stroboscopic m. a m. that has a light source that flashes at a constant rate so that an analysis of the motility of an object may be made; it may be used for high speed or low speed (time-lapse) cinephotomicrography.
surgical m. a binocular m. used to obtain good visualization of fine structures in the operating field; in the standing type of m., a motorized zoom lens system operated by hand or foot controls provides an adjustable working distance; in headborne models, interchangeable oculars provide the magnification needed.operating m;
television m. a m. in which the image is observed by a television camera that produces a television display; it is used for quantitative studies, display to a large audience, or examinations in ultraviolet and infrared regions of the spectrum.
ultra-m. See ultramicroscope.
ultrasonic m. a m. that has lenses designed to use acoustic energy so that the ultrasonic wavelengths may be utilized; by means of transducers, the information is translated to a form that may be visualized or recorded.
ultraviolet m. a m. having optics of quartz and fluorite that allow transmission of light waves shorter than those of the visible spectrum, i.e., below 400 nm; the image is made visible by photography, fluorescence of special glasses, or television; in a scanning instrument the receptor is a multiplier phototube.
x-ray m. a m. in which images are obtained by using x-rays as an energy source that are recorded on a very fine-grained film, or the image is enlarged by projection; if film is used, it may be examined with the light m. at fairly high magnifications.

microscopic microscopic , microscopical (mI-kro-skop´ik, -i-kal)

1. Of minute size; visible only with the aid of the microscope. 2. Relating to a microscope.

microscopy microscopy (mI-kros´ko-pe)

Investigation of minute objects by means of a microscope. See also microscope.
electron m. examination of minute objects by use of an electron microscope.
fluorescence m. a procedure based on the fact that fluorescent materials emit visible light when they are irradiated with ultraviolet or violet-blue visible rays; some materials manifest this property naturally, whereas others may be treated with fluorescent solutions (somewhat analogous to staining); when the absorption of the specimen is in the relatively long ultraviolet range, a filter that transmits these radiations is used, and a yellow filter is placed on or in the ocular; the background field is then dark, and any yellow or red fluorescence becomes visible.
immersion m. See immersion.
immune electron m. electron m. of biological specimens to which specific antibody has been bound.
immunofluorescence m. See immunofluorescence.
Nomarski interference m. See Nomarski optics.
time-lapse m. m. in which the same object (e.g., a cell) is photographed at regular time intervals over several hours.

microseme microseme (mI´kro-sem)

Denoting a skull with an orbital index below 84. [micro- + G. sema, sign]

microsides microsides (mI´kro-sIdz)

Fatty acid esters of trehalose and mannose isolated from diphtheria bacilli.

microsmatic microsmatic (mI´kroz-mat´ik)

Having a weakly developed sense of smell. [micro- + G. osme, sense of smell]

microsome microsome (mI´kro-som)

One of the small spherical vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum after disruption of cells and ultracentrifugation. [micro- + G. soma, body]

microsomia microsomia (mI-kro-so´me-a)

Abnormal smallness of body, as in dwarfism or as in a fetus.nanocormia; [micro- + G. soma, body]

microspectrophotometry microspectrophotometry (mI´kro-spek-tro-fo-tom´e-tre)

A technique for characterizing and quantitating nucleoproteins in single cells or cell organelles by their natural absorption spectra (ultraviolet) or after binding stoichiometrically in selective cytochemical staining reactions, as in the Feulgen stain for DNA. See also cytophotometry.

microspectroscope microspectroscope (mI-kro-spek´tro-skop)

An instrument for observing the optical spectrum of microscopic objects.

microsphere microsphere (mI´kro-sfer)

Tiny globules of radiolabeled material such as macroaggregated albumin, about 15 microns in size.

microspherocytosis microspherocytosis (mI´kro-sfer´o-sI-to´sis)

A condition of the blood seen in hemolytic icterus in which small spherocytes are predominant; the red blood cells are smaller and more globular than normal.

microsphygmy microsphygmy (mI´kro-sfig´me)

Smallness of the pulse.microsphyxia; [micro- + G. sphygmos, pulse]

microsphyxia microsphyxia (mI-kro-sfik´se-a)

microsphygmy [micro- + G. sphyxis, pulse]

microsplanchnic microsplanchnic (mI-kro-splangk´nik)

Referring to smallness of the abdominal viscera. [micro- + G. splanchna, viscera]

microsplenia microsplenia (mI-kro-sple´ne-a)

Abnormal smallness of the spleen.

Microspora Microspora (mI-kro-spor´a)

A protozoan phylum that includes the genus Nosema and Encephalitozoon, and is characterized by the presence of unicellular spores with an imperforate wall and an extrusion apparatus having a polar tube and a polar cap; mitochondria are absent. They are intracellular parasites of invertebrates and lower vertebrates, with rare examples in higher vertebrates.Cnidospora; [micro- + G. sporos, seed]

Microsporasida Microsporasida (mI´kro-spor-as´i-da)

Microsporida

Microsporida Microsporida (mI-kro-spo´ri-da)

An order of the protozoan class Microsporea and phylum Microspora, characterized by minute spores with a single long, coiled, tubular filament enclosing the infective cell or sporoplasm. They are typically parasites of invertebrates and lower vertebrates, although fish and higher vertebrates (including man) have been infected. The order includes genera such as Encephalitozoon and Nosema.Cnidosporidia, Microsporasida;

microsporidia microsporidia (mI´kro-spor-id´e-a)

Common name for members of the protozoan phylum Microspora. It includes some 80 genera parasitizing all classes of vertebrates and many invertebrates, especially the insects. Several genera, such as Encephalitozoon, Enterocytozoon, Nosema, Pleistophora, and Septata have been implicated in the infection of immunocompromised humans.

microsporidiasis microsporidiasis (mI´kro-spo-ri-dI´a-sis)

See microsporidiosis.

microsporidiosis microsporidiosis , microsporidiasis (mI-kro-spo-rid-e-o´sis, mI´kro-spo-ri-dI´a-sis)

Infection with a member of the phylum Microspora, the microsporidians.

Microsporum Microsporum (mI-kros´po-rum, mI-kro-spo´rum)

A genus of pathogenic fungi causing dermatophytosis. In appropriate culture media, characteristic macroconidia are seen; microconidia are rare in most species. [micro- + G. sporos, seed]
M. audoui´nii an anthrophilic species that used to cause epidemic tinea capitis in children.
M. ca´nis the principal cause of ringworm in dogs and cats and a zoophilic species causing sporadic dermatophytosis in humans, especially tinea capitis in children with cats and dogs.
M. canis, var. distor´tum a zoophilic fungal species that causes dermatophytosis in humans and animals; seen among laboratory animal handlers.
M. ferrugin´eum an anthropophilic species that causes dermatophytosis, primarily in Japan and the Far East.
M. ful´vum a geophilic species that causes dermatophytosis in humans and is a member of the M. gypseum complex whose ascomycetous state elevates it to the rank of a specific species.
M. galli´nae a fungal species that causes dermatophytosis in fowl and, occasionally, in man; due to its broadly clavate macroconidia, it was until recently erroneously classified as a species of Trichophyton.
M. gyp´seum a cause of ringworm in dogs and horses and occasionally other animal species; a geophilic complex of species causing sporadic dermatophytosis in humans.
M. na´num a geophilic fungal species that is the principal cause of ringworm in pigs; rarely causes dermatophytosis in humans.
M. persic´olor a geophilic fungal species that causes dermatophytosis in voles, field voles, and, occasionally, man; its ascomycetous state is Nannizzia persicolor.
M. vanbreusegh´emi a zoophilic fungal species that causes dermatophytosis in dogs and squirrels, and occasionally in humans.

microstethophone microstethophone (mI-kro-steth´o-fon)

microstethoscope [micro- + G. stethos, chest, + phone, sound]

microstethoscope microstethoscope (mI-kro-steth´o-skop)

A very small stethoscope that amplifies the sounds heard.microstethophone;

microstomia microstomia (mI-kro-sto´me-a)

Smallness of the oral aperture. [micro- + G. stoma, mouth]

microsurgery microsurgery (mI-kro-ser´jer-e)

Surgical procedures performed under the magnification of a surgical microscope.

microsuture microsuture (mI-kro-su´chur)

Tiny caliber suture material, often 9-0 or 10-0, with an attached needle of corresponding size, for use in microsurgery.

microsyringe microsyringe (mI´kro-si-rinj´)

A hypodermic syringe that has a micrometer screw attached to the piston, whereby accurately measured minute quantities of fluid may be injected.

microthelia microthelia (mI-kro-the´le-a)

Smallness of the nipples. [micro- + G. thele, nipple]

microtia microtia (mI-kro´she-a)

Smallness of the auricle of the ear with a blind or absent external auditory meatus. [micro- + G. ous, ear]

Microtinae Microtinae (mI-krot´in-e)

The rodent subfamily comprising voles or lemmings.

microtine microtine (mI´kro-ten)

Relating to voles or lemmings.

microtome microtome (mI´kro-tom)

An instrument for making sections of biological tissue for examination under the microscope. See also ultramicrotome.histotome;

microtomy microtomy (mI-krot´o-me)

The making of thin sections of tissues for examination under the microscope.histotomy; [micro- + G. tome, incision]

microtonometer microtonometer (mI´kro-to-nom´e-ter)

A small tonometer invented by Krogh, originally intended for animals but later adapted to humans, for determining the tensions of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood; it provides the means of bringing a small bubble of air into gaseous equilibrium with a sample of blood obtained by arterial puncture. [micro- + G. tonos, tone, + metron, measure]

Microtrombidium Microtrombidium (mI´kro-trom-bid´e-um)

A genus of chigger or harvest mites that cause severe itching from the presence of the larval stage (chigger) in the skin. [micro- + Mod. L. trombidium, a timid one]

microtropia microtropia (mI-kro-tro´pe-a)

Strabismus of less than four degrees, associated with amblyopia, eccentric fixation, or anomalous retinal correspondence. [micro- + G. trope, a turn, turning]

microtubule microtubule (mI-kro-tu´byul)

A cylindrical cytoplasmic element, 20 to 27 nm in diameter and of variable length, that occurs widely in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells; m.'s increase in number during mitosis and meiosis, where they may be related to movement of the chromosomes or chromatids on the nuclear spindle during nuclear division.
subpellicular m. a m. lying beneath the unit membrane (pellicle) of many protozoans, often as a palisade of longitudinally arranged fibrils connected by fine lateral bridges that support the external cell form; in certain sporozoan stages a fixed number of m.'s are found, extending longitudinally from the polar ring.subpellicular fibril;

microvesicle microvesicle (mI-kro-ves´i-kl)

A fluid-filled space formed within the epidermis that is too small to be recognized as a blister.

microvillus microvillus, pl. microvilli (mI-kro-vil´us, -vil´I)

One of the minute projections of cell membranes greatly increasing surface area; microvilli form the striated or brush borders of certain cells.

Microviridae Microviridae (mI-kro-vir´i-de)

Provisional name for a family of small, spherical, bacterial viruses with a genome of single-stranded DNA (MW 1.7 x 10⁶).

microvolt (muV) microvolt (muV) (mI´kro-volt)

One-millionth of a volt.

microwaves microwaves (mI´kro-wavz)

That portion of the radio wave spectrum of shortest wavelength, including the region with wavelengths of 1 mm to 30 cm (1000 to 300,000 megacycles per second).microelectric waves;

microwelding microwelding (mI-kro-weld´ing)

A method of fastening or joining stainless steel sutures or such sutures to needles.

microxyphil microxyphil (mI-krok´si-fil)

A multinuclear oxyphil leukocyte. [micro- + G. oxys, acid, + philos, fond]

microzoon microzoon (mI-kro-zo´on)

A microscopic form of the animal kingdom; a protozoon. [micro- + G. zoon, animal]

micrurgical micrurgical (mI-krer´ji-kal)

Relating to procedures performed on minute structures under a microscope. [micro- + G. ergon, work]

miction miction (mik´shun)

urination

micturate micturate (mik´chu-rat)

urinate [see micturition]

micturition micturition (mik-chu-rish´un)

1. urination 2. The desire to urinate. 3. Frequency of urination. [L. micturio, to desire to make water]

M.I.D. M.I.D.

Abbreviation for minimal infecting dose.

mid- mid-

Middle. [A.S. mid, midd]

midazolam hydrochloride midazolam hydrochloride

8-Chloro-6-(6-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine monohydrochloride;a short-acting injectable benzodiazapine central nervous system depressant used for preoperative sedation.

midbody midbody (mid´bod´e)

A dense stalk of residual interzonal spindle fibers (microtubules) and actin-containing filaments that is formed during anaphase of mitosis and connects daughter cells during telophase; m.'s are frequently observed between spermatids.intermediate body of Flemming;

midbrain midbrain (mid´bran)

mesencephalon

midcarpal midcarpal (mid´kar-pal)

1. Relating to the central part of the carpus.mediocarpal 2. Denoting the articulation between the two rows of carpal bones.carpocarpal; mediocarpal, mesocarpal;

middle middle

Denoting an anatomical structure that is between two other similar structures or that is midway in position.medius [NA];

midgracile midgracile (mid-gras´il)

Denoting an occasional fissure dividing the gracile lobe of the cerebellum into two parts.

midgut midgut (mid´gut)

1. The central portion of the digestive tube; the distal duodenum, small intestine, and proximal colon. 2. The portion of the embryonic gut tract between the foregut and the hindgut which originally is open to the yolk sac.

midmenstrual midmenstrual (mid´men´stru-al)

Denoting the several days midway in time between two menstrual periods.

midoccipital midoccipital (mid´ok-sip´i-tal)

Relating to the central portion of the occiput.medioccipital;

midpain midpain (mid´pan)

intermenstrual pain (1)

midplane midplane (mid´plan)

pelvic plane of least dimensions

midriff midriff (mid´rif)

diaphragm (1) [A.S. mid, middle, + hrif, belly]

midsection midsection (mid´sek-shun)

A cut or section through the middle of an organ.

midsternum midsternum (mid´ster´num)

body of sternum

midtarsal midtarsal (mid´tar´sal)

Relating to the middle of the tarsus.mediotarsal, mesotarsal;

midwife midwife (mid´wIf)

A person qualified to practice midwifery, having specialized training in obstetrics and child care. [A.S. mid, with, + wif, wife]

midwifery midwifery (mid´wIf´re, mid-wif´e-re)

Independent care of essentially normal, healthy women and infants by a midwife, antepartally, intrapartally, postpartally, and/or obstetrically in a hospital, birth center, or home setting, and including normal delivery of the infant, with medical consultation, collaborative management, and referral of cases in which abnormalities develop; strong emphasis is placed on educational preparation of parents for childbearing and childrearing, with an orientation toward childbirth as a normal physiological process requiring minimal intervention.

Miescher Miescher

Johann F., Swiss pathologist, 1811-1887. See M.'s elastoma, granuloma, tubes, under tube.

MIF MIF

Abbreviation for migration-inhibitory factor.

mifepristone mifepristone (mif´pris-ton)

Synthetic chemical compound with antiprogesterone properties used for early pregnancy termination; the substance binds with glucocorticoid receptors resulting in increased adrenal gland secretion.RU-486;

migraine migraine (mI´gran, mi-gran´)

A symptom complex occurring periodically and characterized by pain in the head (usually unilateral), vertigo, nausea and vomiting, photophobia, and scintillating appearances of light. Classified as classic m., common m., cluster headache, hemiplegic m., ophthalmoplegic m., and ophthalmic m.bilious headache, blind headache, hemicrania (1), sick headache, vascular headache; [through O. Fr., fr. G. hemi- krania, pain on one side of the head, fr. hemi-, half, + kranion, skull]
abdominal m. m. in children accompanied by paroxysmal abdominal pain. This must be distinguished from similar symptoms requiring surgical attention.
acephalic m. a classic m. episode in which the teichopsia is not followed by a headache.m. without headache;
basilar m. a m. accompanied by transient brainstem signs (vertigo, tinnitus, perioral numbness, diplopia, etc.) thought to be due to vasospastic narrowing of the basilar artery.
classic m. a form of hemicrania m. preceded by a scintillating scotoma (teichopsia).
common m. a form of m. headache without the visual prodrome, that is not limited on one side of the head but nevertheless is recognizable as m. because of the stereotyped course; the tendency to nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia; and the relief produced by sleep.
complicated m. a m. attack during which an infarction of tissue takes place.
fulgurating m. m. characterized by its abrupt commencement and the severity of the episode.
Harris' m. periodic migrainous neuralgia
hemiplegic m. a form associated with transient hemiplegia.
ocular m. vasospastic infarction of tissue in or about the eye during an otherwise typical m.; a form of complicated m.
ophthalmoplegic m. a form of m. associated with paralysis of the extraocular muscles.
m. without headache acephalic m

migration migration (mI-gra´shun)

1. Passing from one part to another, said of certain morbid processes or symptoms. 2. diapedesis 3. Movement of a tooth or teeth out of normal position. 4. Movement of molecules during electrophoresis. [L. migro, pp. -atus, to move from place to place]
branch m. a process in which the cross connection around the position where two DNA helices are joined moves along the strands.
epithelial m. apical shift of epithelial attachment, exposing more of the tooth crown.
m. of ovum the transperitoneal passage of an ovum from the ovarian follicle into the uterine tube.

MIH MIH

Abbreviation for melanotropin release-inhibiting hormone.

Mikity Mikity

Victor G., U.S. radiologist, *1919. See Wilson-M. syndrome.

Mikulicz Mikulicz

Johannes von-Radecki, Polish surgeon in Germany, 1850-1905. See M.'s aphthae, under aphtha, cells, under cell; M. clamp; M.'s disease, drain, operation, syndrome; M.-Vladimiroff amputation; Vladimiroff-M. amputation; Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty.

Miles Miles

William E., British surgeon, 1869-1947. See M.'s operation; M. resection.

milia milia (mil´e-a)

Plural of milium.

Milian Milian

Gaston, French dermatologist, 1871-1945. See M.'s disease, erythema.

miliaria miliaria (mil-e-a´re-a)

An eruption of minute vesicles and papules due to retention of fluid at the orifices of sweat glands.miliary fever (2); [L. miliarius, relating to millet, fr. milium, millet]
m. al´ba m. with vesicles containing a milky fluid.
apocrine m. Fox-Fordyce disease
m. crystalli´na a noninflammatory form of m. in which the vesicles are filled with clear fluid.crystal rash, sudamina (2);
m. profun´da pale firm papules, most commonly on the trunk; it is asymptomatic and results from severe damage to the sweat ducts after repeated episodes of m. rubra or from experimental injury.
pustular m. an eruption of pustules that occurs usually in very hot weather and mostly on the flexor aspects of the limbs, the groins, and the axillae; the lesions are situated at the orifices of sweat glands.
m. ru´bra an eruption of papules and vesicles at the orifices of sweat glands, accompanied by redness and inflammatory reaction of the skin.heat rash, lichen infantum, lichen strophulosus, prickly heat, strophulus, summer rash, tropical lichen, lichen tropicus, wildfire rash;

miliary miliary (mil´e-a-re, mil´ya-re)

1. Resembling a millet seed in size (about 2 mm). 2. Marked by the presence of nodules of millet seed size on any surface. [see miliaria]

milieu milieu (mel-yu´)

1. Surroundings; environment. 2. In psychiatry, the social setting of the mental patient, e.g., the family setting or a hospital unit. [Fr. mi, fr. L. medius, middle, + lieu, fr. L. locus, place]
m. intérieur , m. inter´ne the internal environment; the fluids bathing the tissue cells of multicellular animals.

military antishock trousers (MAST) military antishock trousers (MAST)

A garment used to apply pressure to the lower half of body and thus increase blood volume in the upper half.

milium milium, pl. milia (mil´e-um, -e-a)

A small subepidermal keratin cyst, usually multiple and therefore commonly referred to in the plural.sebaceous tubercle, tuberculum sebaceum, whitehead (1); [L. millet]

milk milk

1. A white liquid, containing proteins, sugar, and lipids, secreted by the mammary glands, and designed for the nourishment of the young.lac (1) [NA]; 2. Any whitish milky fluid; e.g., the juice of the coconut or a suspension of various metallic oxides. 3. A pharmacopeial preparation that is a suspension of insoluble drugs in a water medium; distinguished from gels mainly in that the suspended particles of m. are larger. 4. strip (1) [A.S. meolc]
acidophilus m. m. inoculated with a culture of Bacillus acidophilus.
m. of bismuth a suspension of bismuth hydroxide and bismuth subcarbonate in water; used in gastrointestinal disorders as a protective agent.
buddeized m. See Budde process.
certified m. cow's m. that does not have more than the maximal permissible limit of 10,000 bacteria per ml at any time prior to delivery to the consumer, and that must be cooled to 10°C or less and maintained at that temperature until delivery.
certified pasteurized m. cow's m. in which the maximum permissible limit for bacteria should not be more than 10,000 bacteria per ml before pasteurization and not more than 500 bacteria per ml after pasteurization; it must be cooled to 7.2°C or less and maintained at that temperature until delivery.
condensed m. a thick liquid prepared by the partial evaporation of cow's m., with or without the addition of sugar.
crop m. pigeon's m
fortified m. m. to which some essential nutrient, usually vitamin D, has been added.
fortified vitamin D m. m. produced through direct addition of vitamin D; standardized at 400 USP units per quart.
irradiated vitamin D m. cow's m. exposed in a thin film to ultraviolet light and standardized to contain 400 USP units of vitamin D per quart.
lactobacillary m. m. inoculated with a culture of Bacillus acidophilus, B. bulgaricus, or other lactic acid-forming microorganism.
m. of magnesia mixture of magnesium hydroxide; an aqueous solution of magnesium hydroxide, used as an antacid and laxative.magnesia magma;
metabolized vitamin D m. m. produced by feeding irradiated yeast to cows; standardized to contain not less than 400 USP units per quart.
modified m. cow's m. altered, by increasing the fat and reducing the amount of protein, to resemble human m. in composition.
perhydrase m. m. treated by the addition of hydrogen peroxide. See Budde process.
pigeon's m. a secretion formed by glands in the mucosa of the pigeon's crop with which the young are fed; it is increased under the influence of prolactin.crop m;
skim m. , skimmed m. the aqueous (noncream) part of m. from which casein is isolated.
m. of sulfur precipitated sulfur
uterine m. a whitish fluid secretion between the villi of the placenta, which nourishes the implanting ovum.
vitamin D m. cow's m. to which vitamin D has been added, to contain 400 USP units of vitamin D per quart.
witch's m. a secretion of colostrum-like m. sometimes occurring in the glands of newborn infants of either sex 3 to 4 days after birth and lasting a week or two; due to endocrine stimulation from the mother before birth.

Milkman Milkman

Louis A., U.S. roentgenologist, 1895-1951. See M.'s syndrome.

milkpox milkpox (milk´poks)

alastrim

Millard Millard

Auguste L.J., French physician, 1830-1915. See M.-Gubler syndrome.

Miller Miller

Willoughby D., U.S. dentist, 1853-1907. See M.'s chemicoparasitic theory.

Miller Miller

Thomas Grier, U.S. physician, *1886. See M.-Abbott tube.

millet seed millet seed (mil´et)

The seed of a grass, formerly used as a rough designation of size of about 2 mm in diameter.

milli- (m) milli- (m)

Prefix used in the SI and metric systems to signify one-thousandth (10^-3). [L. mille, one thousand]

milliampere (ma, mA) milliampere (ma, mA) (mil´e-am´per)

One thousandth of an ampere.

millibar millibar (mil´i-bar)

One-thousandth of a bar; 100 newtons/sq m; 0.75006 mm Hg; standard atmospheric pressure is 1013 millibars.

millicurie (mc, mCi) millicurie (mc, mCi) (mil´i-kyu´re)

A unit of radioactivity equivalent to 3.7 x 10⁷ disintegrations per second.

milliequivalent (mEq, meq) milliequivalent (mEq, meq) (mil´i-e-kwiv´a-lent)

One-thousandth equivalent; 10^-3 mole divided by valence.

milligram (mg) milligram (mg) (mil´i-gram)

One-thousandth of a gram.

milligramage milligramage (mil´i-gram-aj)

milligram hour

milligram hour milligram hour

Obsolete term for a unit of exposure in radium therapy, i.e., the application of 1 milligram of radium during 1 hour.milligramage;

millilambert millilambert (mil-i-lam´bert)

One thousandth of a lambert; a unit of brightness equal to 0.929 lumen per square foot (roughly, 1 equivalent footcandle).

milliliter (mL, ml) milliliter (mL, ml) (mil´i-le-ter)

One-thousandth of a liter.

millimeter (mm) millimeter (mm) (mil´i-me-ter)

One-thousandth of a meter.

millimicro- millimicro-

Prefix formerly used to signify one-billionth (10^-9); now nano-.

millimicron (mmu) millimicron (mmu) (mil´i-mI-kron)

Former term for nanometer.

millimole (mmol) millimole (mmol) (mil´i-mol)

One-thousandth of a gram-molecule.

milling-in milling-in (mil´ing-in)

Refining the occlusion of teeth by the use of abrasives between their occluding surfaces while the dentures are rubbed together in the mouth or on the articulator.

milliosmole milliosmole (mil´i-oz-mol)

One-thousandth of an osmole.

millipede millipede (mil´i-ped)

A venomous nonpredaceous arthropod of the order Diplopoda, characterized by two pairs of legs per leg-bearing segment. The venom is purely defensive, oozed or squirted from pores along the body, producing irritation to the skin or severe inflammation if it reaches the eyes. [milli- + L. pes, pedis, foot]

millisecond (ms, msec) millisecond (ms, msec) (mil´i-sek´ond)

One-thousandth of a second.

millivolt (mV) millivolt (mV) (mil´i-volt)

One thousandth of a volt.

Millon Millon

Auguste N.E., French chemist, 1812-1867. See M. reaction; M.'s reagent; M.-Nasse test.

milphosis milphosis (mil-fo´sis)

Loss of eyelashes.madarosis; [G. milphosis]

milrinone milrinone (mil´rI-non)

A xanthine oxidase inhibitor which increases the force of contraction of the heart; used in congestive heart failure; resembles amrinone; cardiotonic.

Milroy Milroy

William F., U.S. physician, 1855-1942. See M.'s disease.

Milton Milton

John L., English dermatologist, 1820-1898. See M.'s disease.

MIM MIM

Abbreviation for Mendelian Inheritance in Man.

mimesis mimesis (mi-me´sis, mI-)

1. Hysterical simulation of organic disease. 2. The symptomatic imitation of one organic disease by another. [G. mimesis, imitation, fr. mimeomai, to mimic]

mimetic mimetic (mi-met´ik, mI-)

Relating to mimesis. [G. mimetikos, imitative]

mimic mimic (mim´ik)

To imitate or simulate. [G. mimikos, imitating, fr. mimos, a mimic]

mimmation mimmation (mi-ma´shun)

A form of stammering in which the m-sound is given to various letters. [Ar. mim, the letter m]

min. min.

Abbreviation for minute.

mind mind

1. The organ or seat of consciousness and higher functions of the human brain, such as cognition, reasoning, willing, and emotion. 2. The organized totality of all mental processes and psychic activities, with emphasis on the relatedness of the phenomena. [A.S. gemynd]
prelogical m. prelogical thinking
subconscious m. subliminal self

mind-reading mind-reading

telepathy

mineral mineral (min´er-al)

Any homogeneous inorganic material usually found in the earth's crust. [L. mineralis, pertaining to mines, fr. mino, to mine]

mineralization mineralization (mIn´er-al-i-za´shun)

The introduction of minerals into a structure, as in the normal mineralization of bones and teeth or the pathologic mineralization of tissues, i.e., dystrophic or metastatic calcification.

mineralocoid mineralocoid (min-er-al´o-koyd)

mineralocorticoid

mineralocorticoid mineralocorticoid (min´er-al-o-kor´ti-koyd)

One of the steroids of the adrenal cortex that influences salt (sodium and potassium) metabolism.mineralocoid;

mineral oil mineral oil

A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum, used as a vehicle in pharmaceutical preparations; occasionally used as an intestinal lubricant.heavy liquid petrolatum, liquid paraffin, liquid petroleum;

mineralotropic mineralotropic (min-er-al´o-tro´pik)

Concerning the action of or relating to mineralocorticoids.

mini mini (mi´ne)

A moderate-sized computer that can serve many users in a department, or one dedicated to a complex computational function such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging; smaller and slower than a mainframe, more complex and powerful than a personal computer. [It. miniatura, decoration of manuscripts, fr. L. minium, red lead]

minilaparotomy minilaparotomy (min´e-lap-a-rot´o-me)

Technique for sterilization by surgical ligation of the fallopian tubes, performed through a small suprapubic incision.

minim (m) minim (m)

1. A fluid measure, 1 / 60 of a fluidrachm; in the case of water about one drop. 2. Smallest; least; the smallest of several similar structures. [L. minimus, least]

minimum minimum (min-i-mum)

The smallest amount or lowest limit. [L. smallest, least]

minimyosin minimyosin (min-e-mI´o-sin)

A protein similar to myosin in having a globular actin-binding domain and a short tail that can bind to membranes but lacking a long a-helical tail; believed to have a role in filopodium extension in the growth cone of neurons.

minocycline minocycline (min-o-sI´klen)

A substituted naphthacenecarboxamide; an antibacterial drug related to tetracycline.

minor minor (mI´ner)

Smaller; lesser; denoting the smaller of two similar structures. [L.]

minoxidil minoxidil (mi-nok´si-dil)

2,4-Diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine 3-oxide;an antihypertensive agent used for treatment of premature hair loss; sometimes used topically on the scalp to increase hair growth.

mint mint

Mentha [G. mintha]

mio- mio-

Less. [G. meion]

miodidymus miodidymus , miodymus (mI-o-did´i-mus, mI-od´i-mus)

Unequal conjoined twins with the head of the smaller twin fused to the occipital region of the head of the larger twin. See conjoined twins, under twin. [mio- + G. didymos, twin]

miolecithal miolecithal (mI-o-les´i-thal)

Denoting an egg with little yolk which is uniformly dispersed throughout the egg. [mio- + G. lekithos, egg yolk]

mionectic mionectic (mI-o-nek´tik)

An obsolete term denoting less than the normal; used especially with reference to blood that has an abnormally low percentage of saturation with oxygen at a certain pressure. [G. meionekteo, to have too little, fr. meion, less, + echo, to have]

miopragia miopragia (mI-o-pra´je-a)

Diminished functional activity in a part. [mio- + G. prasso, to do]

miopus miopus (mI-o´pus)

Unequal conjoined twins with heads united in such a manner that one face is rudimentary. See conjoined twins, under twin. [mio- + ops, eye]

miosis miosis (mI-o´sis)

1. Contraction of the pupil. 2. Incorrect alternative spelling for meiosis. [G. meiosis, a lessening]
paralytic m. m. due to paralysis of the dilator muscle of the pupil.
spastic m. m. due to spasmodic contraction of the sphincter muscle of the pupil.

miosphygmia miosphygmia (mI´o-sfig´me-a)

Condition in which pulse beats are fewer than heart beats. [mio- + G. sphygmos, pulse]

miotic miotic (mI-ot´ik)

1. Relating to or characterized by contraction of the pupil. 2. An agent that causes the pupil to contract.

MIP MIP

Abbreviation for macrophage inflammatory protein.

miracidium miracidium, pl. miracidia (mI-ra-sid´e-um, -a)

The ciliated first-stage larva of a trematode that emerges from the egg and must penetrate into the tissues of an appropriate intermediate host snail if it is to continue its life cycle; followed by development into a mother sporocyst and by production of a number of offspring of successive larval generations. See also sporocyst (1). [G. meirakidion, boy]

Mirchamp's sign Mirchamp's sign

See under sign.

mire mire (mer)

One of the test objects in the ophthalmometer; its image (also called a m.), mirrored on the corneal surface, is measured to determine the radii of curvature of the cornea. [L. miror, pp. -atus, to wonder at]

mirex mirex (mI´reks)

Benzene derivative used as insecticide and fire retardant for plastics, rubber, paint, paper, electrical goods; likely carcinogen.

Mirizzi Mirizzi

P.L., 20th century Argentinian physician. See M.'s syndrome.

mirror mirror (mir´or)

A polished surface reflecting the rays of light from objects in front of it. [Fr. miroir, fr. L. miror, to wonder at]
concave m. a spherical reflecting surface that constitutes a segment of the interior of a sphere.
convex m. a spherical reflecting surface that constitutes a segment of the exterior of a sphere.
head m. a circular concave m. attached to a head band, used to project a beam of light into a cavity, such as the nose or larynx, for purposes of examination and permitting binocular vision.
mouth m. a small m. on a handle used to facilitate visualization in the examination of the teeth.
van Helmont's m. obsolete term for central tendon of diaphragm.

mirror-writing mirror-writing (mir´or-rIt-ing)

Writing backward, from right to left, the letters appearing like ordinary writing seen in a mirror.retrography;

miryachit miryachit (mir-yach´it)

A nervous affection observed in Siberia. See jumping disease.myriachit;

MIS MIS

Abbreviation for müllerian inhibiting substance.

misandry misandry (mis´an-dre)

Aversion to or hatred of men. [G. miseo, to hate, + aner, andros, male]

misanthropy misanthropy (mis-an´thro-pe)

Aversion to and hatred of human beings. [G. miseo, to hate, + anthropos, man]

miscarriage miscarriage (mis-kar´ij)

Spontaneous expulsion of the products of pregnancy before the middle of the second trimester.

miscarry miscarry (mis-kar´e)

To have a miscarriage.

miscegenation miscegenation (mis´e-je-na´shun)

Marriage or interbreeding of individuals of different races. [L. misceo, to mix, + genus, descent, race]

miscible miscible (mis´i-bl)

Capable of being mixed and remaining so after the mixing process ceases. [L. misceo, to mix]

misdiagnosis misdiagnosis (mis´dI-ag-no´sis)

A wrong or mistaken diagnosis.

miserotia miserotia (mis-e-ro´shi-a)

Dislike of or aversion to physical love. [G. miseo, to hate, + eros, physical love]

misogamy misogamy (mi-sog´a-me)

Aversion to marriage. [G. miseo, to hate, + gamos, marriage]

misogyny misogyny (mi-soj´i-ne)

Aversion to or hatred of women. [G. miseo, to hate, + gyne, woman]

misologia misologia (mis-o-lo´je-a)

Aversion to talking or to mental activity. [G. miseo, to hate, + logos, reasoning, discussion]

misoneism misoneism (mis-o-ne´izm)

Dislike of and disinclination to accept new ideas. [G. miseo, to hate, + neos, new]

misopedia misopedia , misopedy (mis-o-pe´de-a, -op´e-de)

Aversion to or hatred of children. [G. miseo, to hate, + pais (paid-), child]

misoprostol misoprostol (mI-so-prost´ol)

A prostaglandin analog used in the treatment of ulcer disease; particularly useful in persons taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; antiulcerative.

missense missense (mis´ens)

As used in genetics, a mutation that causes a sequence such that there is a substitution of one amino acid residue for another.
m. suppression a mutation in tRNA that allows for incorporation of an amino acid residue that allows for full function of the gene product.

mistletoe mistletoe (mis´l-to)

viscum (1)

MIT MIT

Abbreviation for monoiodotyrosine.

Mitchell Mitchell

Silas Weir, U.S. neurologist, poet, and novelist, 1829-1914. See M.'s disease, treatment; Gerhardt-Mitchell disease; Weir M.'s disease; Weir M. treatment.

mite mite (mIt)

A minute arthropod of the order Acarina, a vast assemblage of parasitic and (primarily) free-living organisms. Most are still undescribed, and only a relatively small number are of medical or veterinary importance as vectors or intermediate hosts of pathogenic agents, by directly causing dermatitis or tissue damage, or by causing blood or tissue fluid loss. The six-legged larvae of trombiculid m.'s, the chigger m.'s (Trombicula), are parasitic of humans and many mammals and birds, and are important as vectors of scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) and other rickettsial agents. Some other important m.'s are Acarus hordei (barley m.), Demodex folliculorum (follicular or mange m.), Dermanyssus gallinae (red hen m.), Ornithonyssus bacoti (tropical rat m.), O. bursa (tropical fowl m.), O. sylviarum (northern fowl m.), Pyemotes tritici (straw or grain itch m.), and Sarcoptes scabiei (itch m.). [A.S.]

mitella mitella (mI-tel´a)

A sling for the arm. [L. dim. of mitra, a bandage, band]

mithramycin mithramycin (mith-ra-mI´sin)

An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces argillaceus and S. tanashiensis; possesses antineoplastic activity.aureolic acid, mitramycin;

mithridatism mithridatism (mith´ri-da´tizm, mith-rid´a-tizm)

Immunity against the action of a poison produced by small and gradually increasing doses of the same. [Mithridates, King of Pontus (132-63 B.C.), supposedly an unsuccessful suicide (by poison) because of repeated small doses taken to become invulnerable to assassination by poison]

miticidal miticidal (mI-ti-sI´dal)

Destructive to mites.

miticide miticide (mI´ti-sId)

An agent destructive to mites. [mite + L. caedo, to kill]

mitigate mitigate (mit´i-gat)

palliate [L. mitigo, pp. -atus, to make mild or gentle, fr. mitis, mild, + ago, to do, make]

mitis mitis (mI´tis)

Mild. [L.]

mitochondria mitochondria (mI-to-kon´dre-a)

Plural of mitochondrion.

mitochondrial mitochondrial (mI-to-kon´dre-al)

Relating to mitochondria.

mitochondrion mitochondrion, pl. mitochondria (mI-to-kon´dre-on, mI-to-kon´dre-a)

An organelle of the cell cytoplasm consisting of two sets of membranes, a smooth continuous outer coat and an inner membrane arranged in tubules or more often in folds that form platelike double membranes called cristae; mitochondria are the principal energy source of the cell and contain the cytochrome enzymes of terminal electron transport and the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation.Altmann's granule (2); [G. mitos, thread, + chondros, granule, grits]
m. of hemoflagellates the "mother m.," from which smaller mitochondria appear to arise.

mitogen mitogen (mI´to-jen)

A substance that stimulates mitosis and lymphocyte transformation; includes not only lectins such as phytohemagglutinins and concanavalin A, but also substances from streptococci (associated with streptolysin S) and from strains of a-toxin-producing staphylococci.transforming agent; [mitosis + G. -gen, producing]
pokeweed m. (PWM) a m. (lectin) from Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) which stimulates chiefly B lymphocytes.

mitogenesis mitogenesis (mI-to-jen´e-sis)

The process of induction of mitosis in or transformation of a cell. [mitosis + G. genesis, origin]

mitogenetic mitogenetic (mI´to-je-net´ik)

Pertaining to the factor or factors promoting cell mitosis.

mitogenic mitogenic (mI-to-jen´ik)

Causing mitosis or transformation.

mitomycin mitomycin (mI-to-mI´sin)

Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus, variants of which are designated m. A, m. B, etc.; m. C is an antineoplastic agent and a bacteriocide; inhibits DNA synthesis.

mitoplast mitoplast (mI´to-plast)

A mitochondrion without its outer membrane.

mitosis mitosis, pl. mitoses (mI-to´sis, -sez)

The usual process of somatic reproduction of cells consisting of a sequence of modifications of the nucleus (prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) that result in the formation of two daughter cells with exactly the same chromosome and DNA content as that of the original cell. See also cell cycle.indirect nuclear division, mitotic division; [G. mitos, thread]
heterotype m. a variety of m. in which the halved chromosomes are united at their ends forming ring-like figures. Occurs in the first division of meiosis.
multipolar m. a pathologic form in which the spindle has three or more poles, resulting in the formation of a corresponding number of nuclei.
somatic m. the ordinary process of m. as it occurs in the somatic or body cells, characterized by the formation of the prescribed number of chromosomes, appropriate for the species (in humans the number is 46).

mitotane mitotane (mI´to-tan)

1,1-Dichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane;an antineoplastic agent.

mitotic mitotic (mI-tot´ik)

Relating to or marked by mitosis.

mitoxantrone hydrochloride mitoxantrone hydrochloride (mI-to-zan´tron)

1,4-Dihydro-5,8-bis[[2-[2-hydroxyethyl)-amino]ethyl]anthraquinone dihydrochloride;a synthetic anti-neoplastic used intravenously in the initial therapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults.

mitral mitral (mI´tral)

1. Relating to the mitral or bicuspid valve. 2. Shaped like a bishop's miter; denoting a structure resembling the shape of a headband or turban. [L. mitra, a coif or turban]

mitralization mitralization (mI´tra-li-za´shun)

Straightening of the left heart border on a chest radiograph due to prominence of the left atrial appendage or the pulmonary outflow tract; an unreliable indication of mitral valve disease.

mitramycin mitramycin (mit-ra-mI´sin)

mithramycin

Mitrofanoff Mitrofanoff

Paul, French pediatric surgeon, *1934. See Mitrofanoff principle.

Mitsuda Mitsuda

Kensuke, Japanese physician, *1876. See M. antigen, reaction.

Mitsuo Mitsuo

Gentaro, Japanese ophthalmologist, 1876-1913. See M.'s phenomenon.

mittelschmerz mittelschmerz (mit´el-schmarts)

Abdominal pain occurring at the time of ovulation, resulting from irritation of the peritoneum by bleeding from the ovulation site.intermenstrual pain (2), middle pain; [Ger. Mittelschmerz, middle + pain]

mivacurium mivacurium (mI´va-kur´e-um)

A neuromuscular blocking agent resembling d-tubocurarine, but having a shorter duration of action.

mixing mixing (mik´sing)

The mingling or blending of particles or components, especially of different kinds.
phenotypic m. the condition in which virus particles released from a cell that is infected with two different viruses has components from both the infecting agents.

mixotrophy mixotrophy (miks-o´tro-fe)

The property of certain microorganisms that can assimilate organic compounds as carbon sources but not as energy sources. [G. mixis, mixture, fr. mignumi, to mix, + trophe, nourishment]

mixture mixture (miks´chur)

1. A mutual incorporation of two or more substances, without chemical union, the physical characteristics of each of the components being retained. A mechanical m. is a m. of particles or masses distinguishable as such under the microscope or in other ways; a physical m. is a more intimate m. of molecules, as in the case of gases and many solutions. 2. In chemistry, a mingling together of two or more substances without the occurrence of a reaction by which they would lose their individual properties, i.e., without permanent gain or loss of electrons. 3. In pharmacy, a preparation, consisting of a liquid holding an insoluble medicinal substance in suspension by means of acacia, sugar, or some other viscid material. [L. mixtura or mistura]
Bordeaux m. a plant fungicidal m., comprising copper sulfate (5 parts) and calcium oxide (5 parts) in water (400 parts) freshly mixed; the CaO is added to the CuSO₄ solution.
extemporaneous m. a m. prepared at the time ordered, according to the directions of a prescription, as distinguished from a stock preparation.
Seidlitz m. a m. of 3 parts Rochelle salt and 1 part sodium bicarbonate. Ten grams of the m. are employed with 2.17 g tartaric acid for one Seidlitz powder. The powder, which effervesces when placed in water, was widely used as a cathartic.

Miyagawa Miyagawa

Yoneji, Japanese bacteriologist, 1885-1959. See Miyagawanella; M. bodies, under body.

Miyagawanella Miyagawanella (me´ya-gah´wa-nel´a)

Formerly considered a genus of Chlamydiaceae, but now synonymous with Chlamydia. [Y. Miyagawa]

MK MK

Abbreviation for menaquinone.

MK-6 MK-6

Abbreviation for menaquinone-6.

MK-7 MK-7

Abbreviation for menaquinone-7.

mL mL , ml

Abbreviation for milliliter.

MLC MLC

Abbreviation for Marginal Line Calculus Index.

MLD MLD , mld

Abbreviation for minimal lethal dose.

mlRNA mlRNA

Abbreviation for messenger-like RNA.

mm mm

Abbreviation for millimeter.

MMMT MMMT

Abbreviation for malignant mixed müllerian tumor or malignant mixed mesodermal tumor.

M-mode M-mode

A diagnostic ultrasound presentation of the temporal changes in echoes in which the depth of echo-producing interfaces is displayed along one axis with time (T) along the second axis; motion (M) of the interfaces toward and away from the transducer is displayed.TM-mode;

mmol mmol

Abbreviation for millimole.

MMPI MMPI

Abbreviation for Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory test.

MMR MMR

Abbreviation for measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine.

Mn Mn

Symbol for manganese.

M'Naghten M'Naghten

Daniel, British criminal, tried in March, 1843. See M. rule.

MND MND

Abbreviation for motor neuron disease.

mneme mneme (ne´me)

1. The enduring quality in the mind that accounts for the facts of memory; the engram of a specific experience. [G. mneme, memory]

mnemenic mnemenic , mnemic (ne-men´ik, ne´mik)

Relating to memory.

mnemism mnemism (ne´mizm)

mnemic hypothesis [G. mneme, memory]

mnemonic mnemonic (ne-mon´ik)

anamnestic (1)

mnemonics mnemonics (ne-mon´iks)

The art of improving the memory; a system for aiding the memory. [G. mnemonikos, mnemonic, pertaining to memory]

MNSs blood group MNSs blood group

See Blood Groups appendix.

M.O. M.O.

Abbreviation for Medical Officer.

Mo Mo

Symbol for molybdenum.

99Mo ⁹⁹Mo

Abbreviation for molybdenum-99.

MoAb MoAb

Abbreviation for monoclonal antibody.

mobilization mobilization (mo´bi-li-za´shun)

1. Making movable; restoring the power of motion in a joint. 2. The act or the result of the act of mobilizing; exciting a hitherto quiescent process into physiologic activity. [see mobilize]
stapes m. an operation to remobilize the footplate of the stapes to relieve conductive hearing impairment caused by its immobilization through otosclerosis or middle ear disease.

mobilize mobilize (mo´bi-lIz)

1. To liberate material stored in the body; more specifically, to move a substance from tissue stores into the bloodstream. 2. To excite quiescent material to physiologic activity. [Fr. mobiliser, to liberate, make ready, fr. L. mobilis, movable]

Mobitz Mobitz

Woldemar, German cardiologist, *1889. See M. types of atrioventricular block.

Möbius Möbius

Paul J., German physician, 1853-1907. See M.'s sign, syndrome; Leyden-M. muscular dystrophy.

MOD MOD

Abbreviation for mesiodistocclusal.

modality modality (mo-dal´i-te)

1. A form of application or employment of a therapeutic agent or regimen. 2. Various forms of sensation, e.g., touch, vision, etc.. [Mediev. L. modalitas, fr. L. modus, a mode]

mode mode (mod)

In a set of measurements, that value which appears most frequently. [L. modus, a measure, quantity]

model model (mod´el)

1. A representation of something, often idealized or modified to make it conceptually easier to understand. 2. Something to be imitated. 3. In dentistry, a cast. [It. midello, fr. L. modus, measure, standard]
Adair-Koshland-Némethy-Filmer m. (AKNF) Koshland-Némethy-Filmer m See Koshland-Némethy-Filmer m.
additive m. a m. in which the combined effect of several factors is the sum of the effects that would be produced by each of the factors in the absence of the others.
animal m. study in a population of laboratory animals that uses conditions of animals analogous to conditions of humans to simulate processes comparable to those that occur in human populations.
Bingham m. a m. representing the flow behavior of a Bingham plastic, in the idealized case.
biomedical m. a conceptual m. of illness that excludes psychological and social factors and includes only biological factors in an attempt to understand a person's medical illness or disorder.
biopsychosocial m. a conceptual m. that assumes that psychological and social factors must also be included along with the biological in understanding a person's medical illness or disorder.
cloverleaf m. a m. for the structure of tRNA; so named because the structure roughly resembles a cloverleaf.
computer m. a mathematical representation of the functioning of a system, presented in the form of a computer program.computer simulation;
concerted m. Monod-Wyman-Changeux m
cooperativity m. a m. used to explain the property of cooperativity observed in certain enzymes; e.g., allosterism or hysteresis.
fluid mosaic m. a m. for the structure of a biomembrane, with lateral diffusibility of constituents and little, if any, flip-flop motion.
genetic m. a formalized conjecture about the behavior of a heritable structure in which the component terms are intended to have literal interpretation as standard structures of empirical genetics.
induced fit m. 1. a m. to suggest a mode of action of enzymes in which the substrate binds to the active site of the protein, causing a conformational change in the protein; 2. Koshland-Némethy-Filmer m
Koshland-Némethy-Filmer m. (KNF model) a m. to explain the allosteric form of cooperativity; in this m., in the absence of ligands, the protein exists in only one conformation; upon binding, the ligand induces a conformational change that may be transmitted to other subunits.Adair-Koshland-Némethy-Filmer m., induced fit m. (2);
lock-and-key m. a m. used to suggest the mode of operation of an enzyme in which the substrate fits into the active site of the protein like a key into a lock.
logistic m. a statistical m.; in epidemiology, a m. of risk as a function of exposure to a risk factor.
mathematical m. representation of a system, process, or relationship in mathematical form, using equations to simulate the behavior of the system or process under study.
medical m. a set of assumptions that views behavioral abnormalities in the same framework as physical disease or abnormalities.
Monod-Wyman-Changeux m. (MWC m.) a m. used to explain the allosteric form of cooperativity; in this m., an oligomeric protein can exist in two conformational states in the absence of the ligand; these states are in equilibrium and the one that is predominant has a lower affinity for the ligand (which binds to the protein in a rapid equilibrium fashion).concerted m;
multiplicative m. a m. in which the joint effect of two or more causes is the product of their effects if they were acting alone.
multistage m. a mathematical m., mainly for carcinogenesis, based on the theory that a specific carcinogen may affect one among a number of stages in the development of cancer.
MWC m. abbreviation for Monod-Wyman-Changeux m.
pathological m. an animal or animal stock that by inheritance or by artificial manipulation develops a disorder similar to some disease of interest and hence directly or by analogy furnishes evidence of its pathogenesis and may be used as a m. for the study of preventive or therapeutic measures.
statistical m. a formal representation for a class of processes that allows a means of analyzing results from experimental studies, such as the Poisson m. or the general linear m.; it need not propose a process literally interpretable in the context of the individual case.

modeling modeling (mod´el-ing)

1. In learning theory, the acquiring and learning of a new skill by observing and imitating that behavior being performed by another individual. 2. In behavior modification, a treatment procedure whereby the therapist or another significant person presents (models) the target behavior which the learner is to imitate and make part of his repertoire. 3. A continuous process by which a bone is altered in size and shape during its growth by resorption and formation of bone at different sites and rates.

modification modification (mod´i-fi-ka´shun)

1. A nonhereditary change in an organism; e.g., one that is acquired from its own activity or environment. 2. A chemical or structural alteration in a molecule.
behavior m. the systematic use of principles of conditioning and learning, especially operant or instrumental conditioning, to teach certain skills or to extinguish undesirable behaviors, attitudes, or phobias.
chemical m. alteration in the structure of a molecule, typically a macromolecule such as a protein, by chemical means; often, the covalent addition by some reagent.
covalent m. alteration in the structure of a macromolecule by enzymatic means, resulting in a change in the properties of that macromolecule; frequently, this type of m. is physiologically relevant.

modiolus modiolus, pl. modioli (mo-dI´o-lus, -o-lI)

1. [NA] The central cone-shaped core of spongy bone about which turns the spiral canal of the cochlea. 2. m. labii [L., the nave of a wheel]
m. la´bii a point near the corner of the mouth where several muscles of facial expression converge.columella cochleae, modiolus (2);

modulation modulation (mod-yu-la´shun)

1. The functional and morphologic fluctuation of cells in response to changing environmental conditions. 2. Systematic variation in a characteristic (e.g., frequency, amplitude) of a sustained oscillation to code additional information. 3. A change in the kinetics of an enzyme or metabolic pathway. 4. The regulation of the rate of translation of mRNA by a modulating codon. [L. modulor, to measure off properly]

modulus modulus (moj´yu-lus, mod´yu-)

A coefficient expressing the magnitude of a physical property by a numerical value. [L. dim. of modus, a measure, quantity]
bulk m. m. of volume elasticity
m. of elasticity a coefficient expressing the ratio between stress per unit area acting to deform a body and the amount of deformation that results from it.
m. of volume elasticity a coefficient expressing the ratio between pressure acting to change the volume of a substance and the amount of change that results from it.bulk m;
Young's m. a type of m. of elasticity which specifies the force applied to a body in one direction, per unit cross-sectional area of the body perpendicular to that direction, divided by the fractional change in length of the body in that direction.

Moeller Moeller

Julius O.L., German surgeon, 1819-1887. See M.'s glossitis.

Moeller Moeller

Alfred, German bacteriologist, *1868. See M.'s grass bacillus.

mofebutazone mofebutazone (mof-e-byu´ta-zon)

4-Butyl-1-phenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione;an anti-inflammatory agent used for the treatment of arthritis.

mogiarthria mogiarthria (moj-i-ar´thre-a)

Speech defect due to muscular incoordination. [G. mogis, with difficulty, + arthroo, to articulate]

mogigraphia mogigraphia (moj-i-graf´e-a)

writer's cramp [G. mogis, with difficulty, + graphe, writing]

mogilalia mogilalia (moj-i-la´le-a)

Stuttering, stammering, or any speech defect.molilalia; [G. mogis, with difficulty, + lalia, speech]

mogiphonia mogiphonia (moj-i-fo´ne-a)

Laryngeal spasm occurring in public speakers as a result of overuse of the voice. [G. mogis, with difficulty, + phone, voice]

Mohrenheim Mohrenheim

Joseph J. Freiherr von, Austrian-Russian surgeon, 1755-1799. See M.'s fossa, space.

Mohs Mohs (moz)

Frederic E., U.S. surgeon, *1910, who as a medical student devised a system of microscopicaly controlled removal of skin tumors. See M.'s fresh tissue chemosurgery technique, chemosurgery.

Mohs Mohs

Friedrich, German mineralogist, 1773-1839. See M. scale.

moiety moiety (moy´i-te)

1. Originally, a half; now, loosely, a portion of something. 2. Functional group. [M.E. moite, a half]

mol mol

Abbreviation for mole (4) .

molal molal (mo´lal)

Denoting 1 mol of solute dissolved in 1000 g of solvent; such solutions provide a definite ratio of solute to solvent molecules. Cf. molar (4).

molality (m) molality (m) (mo-lal´i-te)

Moles of solute per kilogram of solvent; the molarity is equal to mrho/(1 + mM), where m is the molality, rho is the density of the solution, and M is the molar mass of the solute. Cf. molarity.

molar molar (mo´lar)

1. Denoting a grinding, abrading, or wearing away. [L. molaris, relating to a mill, millstone] 2. molar tooth 3. Massive; relating to a mass; not molecular. [L. moles, mass] 4. Denoting a concentration of 1 gram-molecular weight (1 mol) of solute per liter of solution, the common unit of concentration in chemistry. Cf. molal. 5. Denoting specific quantity, e.g., m. volume (volume of 1 mol).
first m. , first permanent m. sixth permanent tooth or fourth deciduous tooth in the maxilla and mandible on either side of the midsagittal plane of the head following the arch form.
Moon's m.'s small dome-shaped first m. teeth occurring in congenital syphilis.
mulberry m. a m. tooth with alternating nonanatomical depressions and rounded enamel nodules on its crown surface, usually associated with congenital syphilis.
second m. seventh permanent or fifth deciduous tooth in the maxilla and mandible on either side of the midsagittal plane of the head following the arch form.
sixth-year m. the first permanent m. tooth.
third m. eighth permanent tooth in the maxilla and mandible on each side, making it the most posterior tooth in human dentition; usually erupts between the seventeenth and twenty-third years; the roots are often fused, the separation being marked only by grooves; because it tends to erupt in an anterosuperior direction, the lower third molar often becomes impacted against the lower second molar; it is common for one or more third molar to fail to develop.dens serotinus [NA], molaris tertius, dens sapientiae, wisdom tooth;
twelfth-year m. the second permanent m. tooth.

molariform molariform (mo-lar´i-form)

Having the form of a molar tooth. [molar (tooth) + L. forma, form]

molaris tertius molaris tertius

* official alternate term for third molar

molarity (M) molarity (M) (mo-lar´i-te)

Moles per liter of solution (mol/L). Cf. molality.

mold mold (mold)

1. A filamentous fungus, generally a circular colony that may be cottony, wooly, etc., or glabrous, but with filaments not organized into large fruiting bodies, such as mushrooms. 2. A shaped receptacle into which wax is pressed or fluid plaster is poured in making a cast. 3. To shape a mass of plastic material according to a definite pattern. 4. To change in shape; denoting especially the adaptation of the fetal head to the pelvic canal. 5. The term used to specify the shape of an artificial tooth (or teeth).mould;
pink bread m. Neurospora

molding molding (mold´ing)

Shaping by means of a mold.
border m. the shaping of an impression material by the manipulation or action of the tissues adjacent to the borders of an impression.muscle-trimming, tissue m., tissue-trimming;
compression m. 1. the act of pressing or squeezing together to form a shape in a mold; 2. the adaptation of a plastic material to the negative form of a split mold by pressure. See also injection m.
injection m. the adaptation of a plastic material to the negative form of a closed mold by forcing the material into the mold through appropriate gateways. See also compression m. (2).
tissue m. border m

mole mole (mol)

1. nevus (2) 2. nevus pigmentosus [A.S. mael (L. macula), a spot] 3. An intrauterine mass formed by the degeneration of the partly developed products of conception. [L. moles, mass] 4. (mol) In the SI system, the unit of amount of substance, defined as that amount of a substance containing as many "elementary entities" as there are atoms in 0.0120 kg of carbon-12; "elementary entities" may be atoms, molecules, ions, or any describable entity or defined mixture of entities and must be specified when this term is used; in practical terms, the mole is 6.0221367 x 10²³ "elementary entities." See also Avogadro's number.
blood m. fleshy m
Breus m. an aborted ovum in which the fetal surface of the placenta presents numerous hematomata with an absence of blood vessels in the chorion and an ovum much smaller in size than normal in relation to the duration of the pregnancy.
carneous m. fleshy m
cystic m. hydatidiform m
false m. an intrauterine polyp.
fleshy m. a uterine mass occurring after fetal death and consisting of blood clots, fetal membranes, and placenta.blood m., carneous m;
grape m. hydatidiform m
hairy m. nevus pilosus
hydatidiform m. , hydatid m. a vesicular or polycystic mass resulting from the proliferation of the trophoblast, with hydropic degeneration and avascularity of the chorionic villi.cystic m., grape m., vesicular m;
invasive m. chorioadenoma destruens
spider m. spider angioma
vesicular m. hydatidiform m

molecular molecular (mo-lek´yu-lar)

Relating to molecules.

molecularity molecularity (mo-lek´yu-lar´i-te)

The number of reactants in a reaction. For example, a reaction involving one reactant is unimolecular; reactions involving two compounds are bimolecular. Molecularity and order are not synonymous. Cf. order (2).

molecule molecule (mol´e-kyul)

The smallest possible quantity of a di-, tri-, or polyatomic substance that retains the chemical properties of the substance. [Mod. L. molecula, dim. of L. moles, mass]
accessory m.'s cell surface adhesion m.'s on T cells that are involved in binding of one cell to another cell or in signal transduction, e.g., CD4.
adhesion m.'s m.'s that are involved in T helper-accessory cell, T helper-B cell, and T cytotoxic-target cell interactions.
cell adhesion m. (CAM) proteins that hold cells together, e.g., uvomorulin, and hold them to their substrates, e.g., laminin.
chimeric m. a m. (usually a biopolymer) containing sequences derived from two different genes; specifically, from two different species. Cf. chimera.
endothelial-leukocyte adhesion m. (E-LAM) 115,000 M_r m. on the surface of endothelial cells that is involved in blood leukocyte attachment to vessel walls as well as emigration from the vessels into the tissues.
gram-molecule the amount of a substance with a mass in grams equal to its molecular weight; e.g., a m. of hydrogen weighs 2.016 g, that of water 18.015 g.
intercellular adhesion m.-1 (ICAM-1) a glycoprotein that is expressed on a variety of cells. It is the ligand for LFA-1 as well as the receptor for the rhinoviruses.

molilalia molilalia (mol´i-la´le-a)

mogilalia [G. molis, with difficulty (a later form of mogis), + lalia, talking]

molimen molimen, pl. molimina (mo-lI´men, -lim´i-na)

An effort; laborious performance of a normal function. [L. an endeavor]
m. climacte´ricum vi´rile a condition resembling neurasthenia, occurring in men of 45 to 55 years of age; may be psychosomatic or due to alteration in testicular androgen secretion.
menstrual molimina premenstrual syndrome

molindone hydrochloride molindone hydrochloride (mo-lin´don)

3-Ethyl-6,7-dihydro-2-methyl-5-(morpholinomethyl)indol-4(5H)-one monohydrochloride;an antipsychotic.

Molisch Molisch

Hans, Austrian chemist, 1856-1937. See M.'s test.

Moll Moll

Jacob A., Dutch oculist, 1832-1914. See M.'s glands, under gland.

mollities mollities (mo-lish´i-ez)

1. Characterized by a soft consistency. 2. malacia [L. mollis, soft]

mollusc mollusc (mol´usk)

mollusk

Mollusca Mollusca (mo-lus´ka)

A phylum of the subkingdom Metazoa with soft, unsegmented bodies, consisting of an anterior head, a dorsal visceral mass and a ventral foot. Most forms are enclosed in a protective calcareous shell. M. includes the classes Gastropoda (snails, whelks, slugs), Pelecypoda (oysters, clams, mussels), Cephalopoda (squids, octopuses), Amphineura (chitons), Scaphopoda (tooth shells), and the class of primitive metameric mollusks, Monoplacophora. [L. mollusca, a nut with a thin shell, fr. mollis, soft]

molluscous molluscous (mo-lus´kus)

Relating to or resembling molluscum.

molluscum molluscum (mo-lus´kum)

A disease marked by the occurrence of soft rounded tumors of the skin. [L. molluscus, soft]
m. contagio´sum a contagious disease of the skin caused by intranuclear proliferation of a virus of the family Poxviridae and characterized by the appearance of few to numerous small, pearly, umbilicated papular expansile epidermal downgrowths that contain numerous cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (m. bodies); occurs in anthropoid apes as well as in humans.m. verrucosum;
m. verruco´sum m. contagiosum

mollusk mollusk (mol´usk)

Common name for members of the phylum Mollusca, although usually restricted to the gastropods and bivalves.mollusc;

Moloney Moloney

Paul J., Canadian physician, 1870-1939. See M. test.

Moloney Moloney

John B., 20th century U.S. oncologist. See M.'s virus.

Moloy Moloy

Howard C., U.S. obstetrician, 1903-1953. See Caldwell-M. classification.

molt molt (molt)

To cast off feathers, hair, or cuticle; to undergo ecdysis. See also desquamate.moult; [L. muto, to change]

mol wt mol wt

Abbreviation for molecular weight.

molybdate molybdate (mo-lib´dat)

A salt of molybdic acid.

molybdenic molybdenic , molybdenous (mo-lib´den-ik, -den-us)

Relating to molybdenum.

molybdenum (Mo) molybdenum (Mo) (mo-lib´de-num)

A silvery white metallic element, atomic no. 42, atomic wt. 95.94; a bioelement found in a number of proteins (e.g., xanthine oxidase). See molybdenum target tube. [G. molybdaina, a piece of lead; a metal, prob. galena, fr. molybdos, lead]

molybdenum-99 (99Mo) molybdenum-99 (⁹⁹Mo)

A reactor-produced radioisotope of molybdenum with a half-life of 2.7476 days, used in radionuclide generators for the production of technetium-99m.

molybdic molybdic (mo-lib´dik)

Denoting molybdenum in the 6+ state, as in MoO₃.

molybdic acid molybdic acid

MoO₃. H₂O;a yellowish crystalline acid, forming molybdates; used in the determination of phosphorus or phosphate.

molybdoenzymes molybdoenzymes (mo-lib´do-en´zImz)

Enzymes that require a molybdenum ion as a component (e.g., xanthine oxidase).

molybdoflavoproteins molybdoflavoproteins (mo-lib´do-fla´vo-pro´tenz)

Proteins that require a molybdenum ion and a flavin nucleotide as a part of its naturally occurring structure (e.g., aldehyde dehydrogenase).

molybdopterin molybdopterin (mo-lib-op´ter-in)

A pterin derivative that complexes with molybdenum to form the molybdenum cofactor required by several enzymes.

molybdous molybdous (mo-lib´dus)

Denoting molybdenum in the 4+ state, as in MoO₂.

molysmophobia molysmophobia (mo-liz-mo-fo´be-a)

Morbid fear of infection. [G. molysma, filth, infection, + phobos, fear]

moment moment (mo´ment)

The product of a quantity times a distance. [L. momentum (for movimentum), motion, moment, fr. moveo, to move]
dipole m. the product of one of the two charges of a dipole and the distance that separates them; an important measure of the degree of polarity of many biomolecules.

momism momism (mom´izm)

Rarely used term relating to excessive or overbearing mothering, especially as attributed to American cultural stereotypes.

mon- mon-

See mono-.

monad monad (mo´nad, mon´ad)

1. A univalent element or radical. 2. A unicellular organism. 3. In meiosis, the single chromosome derived from a tetrad after the first and second maturation divisions. [G. monas, the number one, unity]

Monakow Monakow

Constantin von, Swiss histologist, 1853-1930. See M.'s bundle, nucleus, syndrome, tract.

monamide monamide (mon-am´id)

monoamide

monamine monamine (mon-am´in)

monoamine

monaminuria monaminuria (mon´am-i-nu´re-a)

monoaminuria

monangle monangle (mon´ang-gl)

Having only one angle, denoting a dental instrument that has only one angle between the handle or shaft and the working portion (blade or nib).

monarda monarda (mon-ar´da)

The leaves of Monarda punctata (family Labiatae), American horsemint, a labiate plant of the U.S. east of the Mississippi; the main commercial source of natural thymol; used as a carminative in colic.

monarthric monarthric (mon-ar´thrik)

monarticular

monarthritis monarthritis (mon-ar-thrI´tis)

Arthritis of a single joint.

monarticular monarticular (mon-ar-tik´yu-lar)

Relating to a single joint.monarthric, uniarticular;

monaster monaster (mon-as´ter)

The single star figure at the end of prophase in mitosis.mother star; [mono- + G. aster, star]

monathetosis monathetosis (mon-ath-e-to´sis)

Athetosis affecting one hand or foot.

monatomic monatomic (mon-a-tom´ik)

1. Relating to or containing a single atom. 2. monovalent (1)

monaural monaural (mon-aw´ral)

Pertaining to one ear. [mono- + L. auris, ear]

monaxonic monaxonic (mon-aks-on´ik)

1. Having but one axis, being therefore elongated and slender. 2. Having one axon. [mono- + G. axon, axle]

Mönckeberg Mönckeberg

Johann G., German pathologist, 1877-1925. See M.'s arteriosclerosis, calcification, degeneration, sclerosis.

Mondini Mondini

C., Italian physician, 1729-1803. See Mondini deafness, Mondini dysplasia.

Mondonesi Mondonesi

Filippo, Italian physician. See M.'s reflex.

Mondor Mondor

Henri, French surgeon, 1885-1962. See M.'s disease.

Monera Monera (mo-ne´ra)

The prokaryotes, a kingdom of primitive microbial organisms characterized by having no defined nucleus or chromosomes; DNA that is not membrane-bound; and absence of centrioles, mitotic spindle, microtubules, and mitochondria; division of the ill-defined nuclear zone (nucleoid) is by separation of two masses attached to parts of the cell membrane, then growing apart (a form of amitosis). M. includes the blue-green algae and bacteria; viruses, which lack a true cell, may have originated as "escaped nucleic acids" or "wild genes" from eukaryotic cells and are not included. [pl. of Mod. L. moneron, fr. G. moneres, solitary]

moneran moneran (mo-ne´ran)

A member of the prokaryote kingdom Monera.

monesthetic monesthetic (mon-es-thet´ik)

Relating to a single sense or sensation. [mono- + G. aisthesis, sense perception]

monestrous monestrous (mon-es´trus)

Having but one estrous cycle in a mating season.

Monge Medrano Monge Medrano

Carlos, Peruvian professor of medicine and high altitude specialist, 1884-1970. See Monge's disease.

mongolian mongolian (mon-go´le-an)

2. Relating to a member of the Mongolian race.

Moniezia expansa Moniezia expansa (mon-i-e´ze-a ek-span´sa)

The broad tapeworm (family Anoplocephalidae) of sheep and cattle, occurring in the small intestine and reaching a length of 4-5 meters; infections are usually benign. Cysticercoids develop in soil-dwelling oribatid mites commonly ingested with grass by herbivores.

monilated monilated (mon´i-lat-ed)

moniliform

monilethrix monilethrix (mo-nil´e-thriks)

An autosomal dominant trichodystrophy in which brittle hairs show a series of constrictions, usually without a medulla.beaded hair, moniliform hair; [L. monile, necklace, + G. thrix, hair]

Monilia Monilia (mo-nil´e-a)

Generic term for a group of fungi that are commonly known as fruit molds; the sexual state is Neurospora. A few closely related pathogenic organisms formerly classified in this genus are now properly termed Candida. [L. monile, necklace]

Moniliaceae Moniliaceae (mo-nil-e-a´se-e)

A family of Fungi Imperfecti (order Moniliales) which includes Sporothrix schenckii, the causative agent of sporotrichosis.

monilial monilial (mo-nil´e-al)

Precisely, pertaining to the Monilia, but, in medicine, frequently used incorrectly with reference to the genus Candida.

moniliasis moniliasis (mo-ni-lI´a-sis)

candidiasis

moniliform moniliform (mo-nil´i-form)

Shaped like a string of beads or beaded necklace.monilated; [L. monile, necklace, + forma, appearance]

Moniliformis Moniliformis (mo-nil-i-for´mis)

A genus of the class (or phylum) Acanthocephala, the thorny-headed worms. M. dubius, the common spiny-headed worm of house rats, is transmitted by infected cockroaches, Periplaneta americana; a few infections in humans have been reported. M. moniliformis is a species normally found in rodents and is a rare parasite of humans. [L. monile, necklace, + forma, appearance]

moniliid moniliid (mo-nil´e-id)

Minute macular or papular lesions occurring as an allergic reaction to monilial infection.

monism monism (mo´nizm)

A metaphysical system in which all of reality is conceived as a unified whole. [G. monos, single]

monistic monistic (mo-nis´tik)

Pertaining to monism.

monitor monitor (mon´i-ter, -tor)

A device that displays and/or records specified data for a given series of events, operations, or circumstances. [L., one who warns, fr. moneo, pp. monitum, to warn]
cardiac m. an electronic m. which, when connected to the patient, signals each heart beat with a flashing light, an electrocardiographic curve, an audible signal, or all three.
electronic fetal m. an instrument for continuous monitoring of the fetal heart before or during labor.
Holter m. a technique for long-term, continuous recording of electrocardiographic signals on magnetic tape for scanning and selection of significant but fleeting changes that might otherwise escape notice.

monitoring monitoring

1. Performance and analysis of routine measurements aimed at detecting a change in the environment or health status of a population. 2. Ongoing measurement of performance of a health service. 3. Continuous oversight of implementation of an activity.

monkey-paw monkey-paw (mong´ke-paw)

ape hand

monkeypox monkeypox (mong´ke-poks)

A disease of monkeys and, rarely, of man caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the family Poxviridae; the human disease clinically resembles smallpox.

monkshood monkshood (monks´hud)

See aconite.

mono- mono- , mon-

The participation or involvement of a single element or part. Cf. uni-. [G. monos, single]

monoacylglycerol monoacylglycerol (mon-o-as-il-gli´ser-ol)

Glycerol with an acyl moiety esterified to position 1 (i.e., 1-m.) or position 2 (i.e., 2-m.); an intermediate in the degradation and synthesis of lipids; 2 m.'s are a major end product of triacylglycerol degradation.
m. acyltransferase an intestinal enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of 2-m. and acyl-CoA to form coenzyme A and 1,2-diacylglycerol.
m. lipase an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of m. to produce a fatty acid anion and glycerol; a part of lipid degradation.

mono-amelia mono-amelia (mon-o-a-me´le-a)

Absence of one limb.

monoamide monoamide (mon-o-am´Id, -id)

A molecule containing one amide group.monamide;

monoamine monoamine (mon-o-am´In, -in)

A molecule containing one amine group.monamine;

monoamine oxidase (MAO) monoamine oxidase (MAO)

amine oxidase (flavin-containing)

monoaminergic monoaminergic (mon´o-am-i-ner´jik)

Referring to nerve cells or fibers that transmit nervous impulses by the medium of a catecholamine or indolamine. [monoamine + G. ergon, work]

monoaminuria monoaminuria (mon´o-am-i-nu´re-a)

The excretion of any monoamine in the urine.monaminuria;

monoamniotic monoamniotic (mon´o-am-ne-ot´ik)

Denoting two or more progeny of a multiple pregnancy that have shared a common amniotic sac.

monoassociated monoassociated (mon´o-a-so´she-a-ted)

Denoting a germ-free organism that becomes colonized by a single microbial species.

monoauxotroph monoauxotroph (mon-o-auks´o-troph)

A mutant microorganism that requires a particular nutrient that is not required by the wild type organism. Cf. auxotroph, polyauxotroph.

monobactam monobactam (mon-o-bak´tam)

A class of antibiotic that has a monocyclic beta-lactam nucleus and is structurally different from other beta-lactams; e.g., aztreonam.

monobasic monobasic (mon-o-ba´sik)

Denoting an acid with only one replaceable hydrogen atom, or only one replaced hydrogen atom.

monobenzone monobenzone (mon-o-ben´zon)

p-Benzyloxyphenol;a melanin-pigment inhibiting agent; used topically for the treatment of hyperpigmentation caused by formation of melanin.

monoblast monoblast (mon´o-blast)

An immature cell that develops into a monocyte. [mono- + G. blastos, germ]

monobrachius monobrachius (mon-o-bra´ke-us)

The condition of being one-armed. [mono- + G. brachion, arm]

monobromated monobromated , monobrominated (mon-o-bro´mat-ed, -bro´min-at-ed)

Denoting a chemical compound with one atom of bromine per molecule.

monocardian monocardian (mon-o-kar´de-an)

Having a heart with a single atrium and ventricle.

monocephalus monocephalus (mon-o-sef´a-lus)

syncephalus

monochlorphenamide monochlorphenamide (mon´o-klor-fen´a-mId)

clofenamide

monochorea monochorea (mon´o-ko-re´a)

Chorea affecting the head alone or only one extremity.

monochorial monochorial (mon-o-ko-re´al)

monochorionic

monochorionic monochorionic (mon´o-kor-e-on´ik)

Relating to or having a single chorion; denoting monovular twins.monochorial;

monochroic monochroic (mon-o-kro´ik)

monochromatic

monochromasia monochromasia (mon´o-kro-ma´ze-a)

achromatopsia

monochromasy monochromasy (mon-o-kro´ma-se)

achromatopsia
blue cone m. See incomplete achromatopsia.
pi cone m. See incomplete achromatopsia.

monochromatic monochromatic (mon´o-kro-mat´ik)

1. Having but one color. 2. Indicating a light of a single wavelength. 3. Relating to or characterized by monochromatism.monochroic, monochromic;

monochromatism monochromatism (mon-o-kro´ma-tizm)

1. The state of having or exhibiting only one color. 2. achromatopsia [mono- + G. chroma, color]
blue cone m. See incomplete achromatopsia.
pi cone m. See incomplete achromatopsia.
rod m. complete achromatopsia

monochromatophil monochromatophil , monochromatophile (mon´o-kro-mat´o-fil, -fIl)

1. Taking only one stain. 2. A cell or any histologic element staining with only one kind of dye.monochromophil, monochromophile; [mono- + G. chroma, color, + philos, fond]

monochromator monochromator (mon-o-kro´ma-ter, -tor)

A prism or diffraction grating used in spectrophotometry to isolate a narrow spectral range.

monochromic monochromic (mon-o-kro´mik)

monochromatic

monochromophil monochromophil , monochromophile (mon-o-kro´mo-fil, -fIl)

monochromatophil

monocistronic monocistronic (mon-o-sis-tron´ik)

Referring to fully processed mRNA that codes for a single protein.

monocle monocle (mon´o-kl)

A lens used for one eye, usually in the correction of presbyopia.

monoclinic monoclinic (mon-o-klin´ik)

Relating to crystals with a single oblique inclination. [mono- + G. klino, to incline]

monoclonal monoclonal (mon-o-klo´nal)

In immunochemistry, pertaining to a protein from a single clone of cells, all molecules of which are the same; e.g., in the case of Bence Jones protein, the chains are all kappa or lambda.

monoclonal peak monoclonal peak

A narrow band visible on electrophoresis or an abnormal arc seen on immunoelectrophoresis, thought to represent immunoglobulin of one cell clone.

monocranius monocranius (mon-o-kra´ne-us)

syncephalus [mono- + G. kranion, cranium]

monocrotaline monocrotaline (mon-o-cro´ta-lin)

An alkaloid in the seeds, leaves, and stems of Crotalaria spectabilis (family Leguminosae), a plant poisonous to livestock and poultry in the southern U.S.crotaline;

monocrotic monocrotic (mon´o-krot´ik)

Denoting a pulse the curve of which presents no notch or subsidiary wave in its descending line. [mono- + G. krotos, a beat]

monocrotism monocrotism (mon-ok´ro-tizm)

The state in which the pulse is monocrotic. [mono- + G. krotos, a beat]

monocular monocular (mon-ok´yu-lar)

Relating to, affecting, or visible by one eye only. [mono- + L. oculus, eye]

monoculus monoculus (mon-ok´yu-lus)

1. cyclops 2. A bandage applied to one eye only. [L. a one-eyed man, a hybrid word fr. G. monos, single, + L. oculus, eye]

monocyte monocyte (mon´o-sIt)

A relatively large mononuclear leukocyte (16 to 22 mum in diameter), that normally constitutes 3 to 7% of the leukocytes of the circulating blood, and is normally found in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and loose connective tissue. When treated with the usual dyes, m.'s manifest an abundant pale blue or blue-gray cytoplasm that contains numerous, fine, dustlike, red-blue granules; vacuoles are frequently present; the nucleus is usually indented, or slightly folded, and has a stringy chromatin structure that seems more condensed where the delicate strands are in contact. See also monocytoid cell, endothelial leukocyte. [mono- + G. kytos, cell]

monocytopenia monocytopenia (mon´o-sI-to-pe´ne-a)

Diminution in the number of monocytes in the circulating blood.monocytic leukopenia, monopenia; [mono- + G. kytos, cell, + penia, poverty]

monocytosis monocytosis (mon´o-sI-to´sis)

An abnormal increase in the number of monocytes in the circulating blood.monocytic leukocytosis;
avian m. bluecomb disease of chickens

Monod Monod

Jacques L., French biochemist and Nobel laureate, 1910-1976. See M.-Wyman-Changeux model.

monodactyly monodactyly , monodactylism (mon-o-dak´ti-le, -dak´-ti-lizm)

The presence of a single finger on the hand, or a single toe on the foot. [mono- + G. daktylos, digit]

monodermoma monodermoma (mon´o-der-mo´ma)

A neoplasm composed of tissues from a single germinal layer. [mono- + G. derma, skin, + -oma, tumor]

monodisperse monodisperse (mon´o-dis-pers)

Of relatively uniform size; said of aerosol suspensions with size variation of less than ±20%.

monoethanolamine monoethanolamine (mon´o-eth-a-nol´a-men)

2-Aminoethanol;a surfactant; the oleate is used as a sclerosing agent in the treatment of varicose veins.

monogametic monogametic (mon´o-ga-met´ik)

homogametic

monogamy monogamy (mon-og´a-me)

The marriage or mating system in which each partner has but one mate. [mono- + G. gamos, marriage]

monogenesis monogenesis (mon-o-jen´e-sis)

1. The production of similar organisms in each generation. 2. The production of young by one parent only, as in nonsexual generation and parthenogenesis. 3. The process of parasitizing a single host, in which the life cycle of the parasite is passed; e.g., Boophilus annulatus, the one-host cattle tick, or certain trematodes of the order Monogenea. [mono- + G. genesis, origin, production]

monogenetic monogenetic (mon´o-je-net´ik)

Relating to monogenesis.monoxenous;

monogenic monogenic (mon-o-jen´ik)

Relating to a hereditary disease or syndrome, or to an inherited characteristic, controlled by alleles at a single genetic locus.

monogenous monogenous (mo-noj´e-nus)

Asexually produced, as by fission, gemmation, or sporulation.

monogerminal monogerminal (mon-o-jer´mi-nal)

unigerminal

monoglyceride monoglyceride (mon-o-gli´ser-Id)

See monoacylglycerol.

monograph monograph (mon´o-graf)

A treatise on a particular subject or specific aspect of a subject. [mono- + G. graphe, a writing]

monohydrated monohydrated (mon-o-hI´dra-ted)

Containing or united with a single molecule of water per molecule of substance.

monohydric monohydric (mon-o-hI´drik)

Having but one hydrogen atom in the molecule.

monohydroxysuccinic acid monohydroxysuccinic acid (mon-o-hI-droks´e-suk-sin´ik)

malic acid

monoideism monoideism (mon´o-I-de´izm)

A marked preoccupation with one idea or subject; a slight degree of monomania. [mono- + G. idea, form, idea]

monoinfection monoinfection (mon´o-in-fek´shun)

Simple infection with a single variety of microorganism.

monoiodotyrosine (MIT) monoiodotyrosine (MIT) (mon´o-I-o´do-tI-ro-sen)

An intermediate in thyroid hormone synthesis.

monoisonitrosoacetone monoisonitrosoacetone (mon´o-I´so-nI-tro´so-as´e-ton)

isonitrosoacetone

monokine monokine (mon´o-kIn)

Polypeptides secreted by both monocytes and macrophages. These substances influence the activity of other cells. The general term cytokine is preferentially used today. See cytokine. [monocyte + G. kineo, to set in motion]

monolayers monolayers (mon-o-la´erz)

1. Films, one molecule thick, formed on water by certain substances, such as proteins and fatty acids, characterized by molecules containing some atom groupings that are soluble in water and other atom groupings that are insoluble in water. 2. A confluent sheet of cells, one cell deep, growing on a surface in a cell culture.

monolocular monolocular (mon-o-lok´yu-lar)

Having one cavity or chamber.unicameral, unicamerate; [mono- + L. loculus, a small place]

monomania monomania (mon-o-ma´ne-a)

An obsession or abnormally extreme enthusiasm for a single idea or subject; a psychosis marked by the limitation of the symptoms rather strictly to a certain group, as the delusion in paranoia. [mono- + G. mania, frenzy]

monomaniac monomaniac (mon-o-ma´ne-ak)

1. One exhibiting monomania. 2. Characterized by or relating to monomania.

monomastigote monomastigote (mon-o-mas´ti-got)

A mastigote having only one flagellum. [mono- + Roman mastix, a whip]

monomelic monomelic (mon-o-mel´ik)

Relating to one limb. [mono- + G. melos, limb]

monomer monomer (mon´o-mer)

1. The molecular unit that, by repetition, constitutes a large structure or polymer; e.g., ethylene, H₂C=CH₂, is the monomer of polyethylene, H(CH₂)_nH. See also subunit. 2. The protein structural unit of a virion capsid. See virion. 3. The protein subunit of a protein composed of several loosely associated such units, usually noncovalently bound together. [mono- + -mer]

monomeric monomeric (mon-o-mer´ik)

1. Consisting of a single component. 2. In genetics, relating to a hereditary disease or characteristic controlled by genes at a single locus. 3. Consisting of monomers. [mono- + G. meros, part]

monometallic monometallic (mon´o-me-tal´ik)

Containing one atom of a metal per molecule.

monomicrobic monomicrobic (mon´o-mI-kro´bik)

Denoting a monoinfection.

monomolecular monomolecular (mon´o-mo-lek´yu-lar)

unimolecular

monomorphic monomorphic (mon-o-mor´fik)

Of one shape; unchangeable in shape. [mono- + G. morphe, shape]

monomphalus monomphalus (mon-om´fa-lus)

omphalopagus [mono- + G. omphalos, umbilicus]

monomyoplegia monomyoplegia (mon´o-mI´o-ple´je-a)

Paralysis limited to one muscle. [mono- + G. mys, muscle, + plege, a stroke]

monomyositis monomyositis (mon´o-mI-o-sI´tis)

Inflammation of a single muscle.

mononeme mononeme (mon´o-nem)

An unpaired helix of nucleic acid, as occurs in a chromatid.

mononeural mononeural , mononeuric (mon´o-nu´ral, -nu´rik)

1. Having only one neuron. 2. Supplied by a single nerve.

mononeuralgia mononeuralgia (mon´o-nu-ral´ja)

Pain along the course of one nerve.

mononeuritis mononeuritis (mon´o-nu-rI´tis)

Inflammation of a single nerve.

mononeuropathy mononeuropathy (mon´o-nu-rop´a-the)

Disorder involving a single nerve.
m. mul´tiplex inflammation of several nerves usually in unrelated portions of the body.

mononoea mononoea (mon-o-ne´a)

Fixation of the mind on one subject. [mono- + G. noesis, idea]

mononuclear mononuclear (mon-o-nu´kle-ar)

Having only one nucleus; used especially in reference to blood cells.

mononucleosis mononucleosis (mon´o-nu-kle-o´sis)

Presence of abnormally large numbers of mononuclear leukocytes in the circulating blood, especially with reference to forms that are not normal.
infectious m. an acute febrile illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, a member of the Herpesviridae family; frequently spread by saliva transfer; characterized by fever, sore throat, enlargement of lymph nodes and spleen, and leukopenia that changes to lymphocytosis during the second week; the circulating blood usually contains abnormal, large lymphocytes that have a resemblance to monocytes, and there is heterophil antibody that may be completely adsorbed on beef erythrocytes, but not on guinea pig kidney antigen. Collections of the characteristic abnormal lymphocytes may be present not only in the lymph nodes and spleen, but in various other sites, such as the meninges, brain, and myocardium.benign lymphadenosis, glandular fever;

mononucleotide mononucleotide (mon-o-nu´kle-o-tId)

nucleotide

monooctanoin monooctanoin (mon-ok-tan´o-in)

A semisynthetic esterified glycerol used as a solubilizing agent for radiolucent gallstones retained in the biliary tract following cholecystectomy.

monooxygenases monooxygenases (mon-o-ok´si-je-na-sez)

Oxidoreductases that induce the incorporation of one atom of oxygen from O₂ into the substance being oxidized.

monoparesis monoparesis (mon´o-pa-re´sis, -par´e-sis)

Paresis affecting a single extremity or part of an extremity.

monoparesthesia monoparesthesia (mon´o-par-es-the´ze-a)

Paresthesia affecting a single region only.

monopathic monopathic (mon-o-path´ik)

Relating to a monopathy.

monopathy monopathy (mon-op´a-the)

1. A single uncomplicated disease. 2. A local disease affecting only one organ or part. [mono- + G. pathos, suffering]

monopenia monopenia (mon-o-pe´ne-a)

monocytopenia

monophagism monophagism (mo-nof´a-jizm)

Habitual eating of but one kind of food or but one meal a day when the latter is clearly an aberration. [mono- + G. phago, to eat]

monophasia monophasia (mon-o-fa´ze-a)

Inability to speak other than a single word or sentence. [mono- + G. phasis, speech]

monophasic monophasic (mon-o-fa´zik)

1. Marked by monophasia. 2. Occurring in or characterized by only one phase or stage. 3. Fluctuating from the baseline in one direction only.

monophenol monooxygenase monophenol monooxygenase (mon-o-fe´nol)

1. A copper-containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones by O₂, with the incorporation of one of the two oxygen atoms in the product; it also catalyzes the oxidation of monophenols, such as l-tyrosine, to dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (dopa), a precursor of melanin and epinephrine (catecholamines), and can act as a catechol oxidase; a deficiency of this enzyme is observed in a number of forms of albinism.cresolase, monophenol oxidase, tyrosinase; 2. laccase

monophenol oxidase monophenol oxidase

monophenol monooxygenase (1)

monophobia monophobia (mon-o-fo´be-a)

Morbid fear of solitude or of being left alone. [mono- + G. phobos, fear]

monophthalmos monophthalmos (mon-of-thal´mos)

Failure of outgrowth of a primary optic vesicle with absence of ocular tissues; the remaining eye is often maldeveloped. [mono- + G. ophthalmos, eye]

monophthalmus monophthalmus (mon´of-thal´mus)

cyclops [mono- + G. ophthalmos, eye]

monophyletic monophyletic (mon´o-fI-let´ik)

1. Having a single cell type of origin; derived from one line of descent, in contrast to polyphyletic. 2. In hematology, relating to monophyletism. [mono- + G. phyle, tribe]

monophyletism monophyletism (mon-o-fI´le-tizm)

In hematology, the theory that all the blood cells are derived from one common stem cell or histioblast.monophyletic theory; [mono- + G. phyle, tribe]

monophyodont monophyodont (mon-o-fI´o-dont)

Having one set of teeth only; without deciduous dentition. [mono- + G. phyo, to grow, + odous (odont-), tooth]

monoplasmatic monoplasmatic (mon´o-plas-mat´ik)

Formed of but one tissue. [mono- + G. plasma, thing formed]

monoplast monoplast (mon´o-plast)

A unicellular organism that retains the same structure or form throughout its existence. [mono- + G. plastos, formed]

monoplastic monoplastic (mon-o-plas´tik)

Undergoing no change in structure; relating to a monoplast.

monoplegia monoplegia (mon-o-ple´je-a)

Paralysis of one limb. [mono- + G. plege, a stroke]
m. masticato´ria unilateral paralysis of the muscles of mastication (masseter, temporal, pterygoid).

monoploid monoploid (mon´o-ployd)

haploid [mono- + G. ploides, in form]

monopodia monopodia (mon-o-po´de-a)

Malformation in which only one foot is externally recognizable. [mono- + G. pous, foot]

monops monops (mon´ops)

cyclops [mono- + G. ops, eye]

monoptychial monoptychial (mon-o-tI´ke-al)

Arranged in a single but folded layer, as the cells in the epithelium of the gallbladder or certain glands. [mono- + G. ptyche, fold]

monorchia monorchia (mon-or´ke-a)

monorchism

monorchidic monorchidic , monorchid (mon-or-kid´ik, mon-or´kid)

1. Having only one testis. 2. Having apparently only one testis, the other being undescended.

monorchidism monorchidism (mon-or´ki-dizm)

monorchism

monorchism monorchism (mon´or-kizm)

A condition in which only one testis is apparent, the other being absent or undescended.monorchia, monorchidism; [mono- + G. orchis, testis]

monorecidive monorecidive (mon-o-res´i-dev)

Denoting a late or tertiary manifestation of syphilis which takes the form of an ulcerated papule located at the site of the original chancre. [mono- + L. recidivus, relapsing]

monorhinic monorhinic (mon-o-rin´ik)

Single-nosed; used to characterize conjoined twins in which cephalic fusion has left only a single nose cavity evident. [mono- + G. rhis (rhin-), nose]

monosaccharide monosaccharide (mon-o-sak´a-rId)

A carbohydrate that cannot form any simpler sugar by simple hydrolysis; e.g., pentoses, hexoses.monose;

monoscelous monoscelous (mon-o-sel´us, -skel´us)

Having only one leg. [mono- + G. skelos, leg]

monoscenism monoscenism (mon-o-se´nizm)

Morbid concentration on some past experience. [mono- + G. skene, tent (stage drop)]

monose monose (mon´os)

monosaccharide

monosodium glutamate (MSG) monosodium glutamate (MSG) (mon-o-so´de-um glu´ta-mat)

C₅H₈NNaO₄. H₂O;the monosodium salt of the naturally occurring l form of glutamic acid; used as a flavor enhancer which is a cause or contributing factor to "Chinese restaurant" syndrome; also used intravenously as an adjunct in treatment of encephalopathies associated with hepatic disease.

monosome monosome (mon´o-som)

1. accessory chromosome 2. Obsolete term for ribosome. [mono- + chromosome]

monosomia monosomia (mon-o-so´me-a)

In conjoined twins, a condition in which the trunks are completely merged although the heads remain separate. See conjoined twins, under twin. [mono- + G. soma, body]

monosomic monosomic (mon-o-so´mik)

Relating to monosomy.

monosomous monosomous (mon-o-so´mus)

Characterized by or pertaining to monosomia.

monosomy monosomy (mon´o-so-me)

Absence of one chromosome of a pair of homologous chromosomes. See also chromosomal deletion. [see monosome]

monospasm monospasm (mon´o-spazm)

Spasm affecting only one muscle or group of muscles, or a single extremity.

monospermy monospermy (mon´o-sper-me)

Fertilization by the entrance of only one spermatozoon into the egg. [mono- + G. sperma, seed]

Monosporium apiospermum Monosporium apiospermum (mon-o-spo´re-um ap´e-o-sper´mum)

Scedosporium apiospermum

Monostoma Monostoma (mo-nos´to-ma, mon-o-sto´ma)

Archaic name for a genus of trematodes, based on the presence of a single sucker. [mono- + G. stoma, mouth]

monostome monostome (mon´o-stom)

Common name for digenetic trematodes that possess a single sucker, oral or ventral, rather than both. See also Monostoma. [mono- + G. stoma, mouth]

monostotic monostotic (mon-os-tot´ik)

Involving only one bone. [mono- + G. osteon, bone]

monostratal monostratal (mon-o-stra´tal)

Composed of a single layer. [mono- + L. stratum, layer]

monosubstituted monosubstituted (mon-o-sub´sti-tu-ted)

In chemistry, denoting an element or radical, only one atom or unit of which is found in each molecule of a substitution compound.

monosymptomatic monosymptomatic (mon´o-simp-to-mat´ik)

Denoting a disease or morbid condition manifested by only one marked symptom.

monosynaptic monosynaptic (mon´o-si-nap´tik)

Referring to direct neural connections (those not involving an intermediary neuron); e.g., the direct connection between primary sensory nerve cells and motor neurons characterizing the monosynaptic reflex arc.

monosyphilide monosyphilide (mon-o-sif´i-lid)

Marked by the occurrence of a single syphilitic lesion.

monoterpenes monoterpenes (mon-o-ter´penz)

Hydrocarbons or their derivatives formed by the condensation of two isoprene units, and therefore containing 10 carbon atoms; e.g., camphor; often containing a cyclic structure.

monothermia monothermia (mon-o-ther´me-a)

Evenness of bodily temperature; absence of an evening rise in body temperature. [mono- + G. therme, heat]

monothioglycerol monothioglycerol (mon´o-thI-o-glis´er-ol)

a-Monothioglycerol; 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol;used to promote wound healing.thioglycerol;

monotocous monotocous (mo-not´o-kus)

Producing a single offspring at a birth. [mono- + G. tokos, birth]

Monotremata Monotremata (mon-o-tre´ma-ta)

An order of egg-laying mammals that have a cloaca or common chamber which receives digestive, urinary, and reproductive products; only Australia has such forms, the duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus) and the echidna (Tachyglossus). [mono- + G. trema, a hole]

monotreme monotreme (mon´o-trem)

A member of the order Monotremata.

monotrichate monotrichate (mo-not´ri-kat)

monotrichous

monotrichous monotrichous (mo-not´ri-kus)

Denoting a microorganism possessing a single flagellum or cilium.monotrichate, uniflagellate;

monovalence monovalence , monovalency (mon-o-va´lens, -va´len-se)

A combining power (valence) equal to that of a hydrogen atom.univalence, univalency;

monovalent monovalent (mon-o-va´lent)

1. Having the combining power (valence) of a hydrogen atom.monatomic (2), univalent; 2. Pertaining to a monovalent (specific) antiserum to a single antigen or organism.

monoxenous monoxenous (mon-oks´e-nus)

monogenetic [mono- + G. xenos, stranger]

monoxide monoxide (mon-ok´sId)

Any oxide having only one atom of oxygen; e.g., CO.

monozoic monozoic (mon-o-zo´ik)

Unisegmented, as in cestodarian tapeworms. See polyzoic.

monozygotic monozygotic , monozygous (mon-o-zI-got´ik, -zI´gus)

unigerminal See monozygotic twins, under twin. [mono- + G. zygotos, yoked]

Monro Monro

Alexander Sr., Scottish anatomist and surgeon, 1697-1767. See bursa of M.

Monro Monro

Alexander, Jr., Scottish anatomist, 1733-1817. See M.'s doctrine, foramen, line, sulcus; M.-Kellie doctrine; M.-Richter line; Richter-M. line.

mons mons, gen. montis, pl. montes (monz, mon´tis, mon´tez) [NA]

An anatomical prominence or slight elevation above the general level of the surface. [L. a mountain]
m. pu´bis [NA] the prominence caused by a pad of fatty tissue over the symphysis pubis in the female.os pubis [NA], m. veneris, pubes (3), pubic bone;
m. ure´teris a pinkish prominence on the wall of the bladder marking each ureteral orifice.
m. ven´eris m. pubis [L. Venus]

Monson Monson

George S., U.S. dentist, 1869-1933. See M. curve; anti-M. curve.

monster monster

Outmoded term for a malformed embryo, fetus, or individual. See entries beginning with terato-. See teras. [L. monstrum, an evil omen, a prodigy, a wonder]

montanic acid montanic acid (mon-tan´ik)

octacosanoic acid [montan (wax)]

Monteggia Monteggia

Giovanni B., Italian surgeon, 1762-1815. See M.'s fracture.

Montgomery Montgomery

William F., Irish obstetrician, 1797-1859. See M.'s follicles, under follicle, glands, under gland, tubercles, under tubercle.

monticulus monticulus, pl. monticuli (mon-tik´yu-lus, -lI)

1. Any slight rounded projection above a surface. 2. The central portion of the superior vermis forming a projection on the surface of the cerebellum; its anterior and most prominent portion is called the culmen, its posterior sloping portion, the declive. [L. dim. of mons, mountain]
palmar monticuli three small elevations in the distal palm corresponding to the window-like deficiencies in the distal palmar aponeurosis between the four longitudinal bundles and proximal to the superficial transverse metacarpal ligament.

mood mood (mud)

The pervasive feeling, tone, and internal emotional state of an individual which, when impaired, can markedly influence virtually all aspects of a person's behavior or his or her perception of external events.

mood swing mood swing

Oscillation of a person's emotional feeling tone between periods of euphoria and depression.

Moon Moon

Henry, English surgeon, 1845-1892. See M.'s molars, under molar.

Moon Moon

Robert C., U.S. ophthalmologist, 1844-1914. See Laurence-M.-Biedl syndrome.

Moore Moore

Robert Foster, British ophthalmologist, 1878-1963. See M.'s lightning streaks, under streak.

Moore Moore

Charles H., English surgeon, 1821-1870. See M.'s method.

Mooren Mooren

Albert, German ophthalmologist, 1828-1899. See M.'s ulcer.

Mooser Mooser

Hermann, Swiss pathologist in Mexico, *1891. See M. bodies, under body.

MOPP MOPP

Acronym for mechlorethamine, oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine, and prednisone, a chemotherapy regimen used in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.

Morand Morand

Sauveur F., French surgeon, 1697-1773. See M.'s foot, spur.

Morax Morax

Victor, French ophthalmologist, 1866-1935. See Moraxella; Morax-Axenfeld diplobacillus.

Moraxella Moraxella (mor´ak-sel´a)

A genus of obligately aerobic nonmotile bacteria (family Neisseriaceae) containing Gram-negative coccoids or short rods which usually occur in pairs. They do not produce acid from carbohydrates, are oxidase-positive and penicillin-susceptible, and are parasitic on the mucous membranes of man and other mammals. The type species is M. lacunata. [V. Morax]
M. bo´vis a bacterial species causing pinkeye in cattle.
M. catarrha´lis a species that causes upper respiratory tract infections, particularly in immunocompromised hosts; the type species of the genus M.Branhamella catarrhalis;
M. kingae Kingella kingae
M. lacuna´ta a species causing conjunctivitis in man; it is the type species of the genus M.Morax-Axenfeld diplobacillus;
M. anatipes´tifer a species causing a respiratory disease in ducklings.
M. nonliquefa´ciens a species found in the respiratory tract of man, especially in the nose; usually not pathogenic, but occasionally causes sinusitis.
M. osloen´sis a species found in the genitourinary tract, blood, spinal and chest fluids, and nose; rarely found in the respiratory tract; usually not pathogenic, although some strains have been isolated from serious pathologic conditions in humans.
M. phenylpyru´vica a species of unknown pathogenicity found in the genitourinary tract, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and in pus from various lesions.

morbid morbid (mor´bid)

1. Diseased or pathologic. 2. In psychology, abnormal or deviant. [L. morbidus, ill, fr. morbus, disease]

morbidity morbidity (mor-bid´i-te)

1. A diseased state. 2. The ratio of sick to well in a community.morbility; See also morbidity rate. 3. The frequency of the appearance of complications following a surgical procedure or other treatment.
puerperal m. illness arising during the first 10 days of the postpartum period, i.e., a temperature of 38°C (100.4°F) or more on any two days of the first 10, excluding the first 24 hours.

morbific morbific (mor-bif´ik)

pathogenic [L. morbus, disease, + facio, to make]

morbigenous morbigenous (mor-bij´e-nus)

pathogenic [L. morbus, disease, + G. -gen, producing]

morbility morbility (mor-bil´i-te)

morbidity (2)

morbilli morbilli (mor-bil´I)

measles (1) [Mediev. L. morbillus, dim. of L. morbus, disease]

morbilliform morbilliform (mor-bil´i-form)

Resembling measles (1). [see morbilli]

Morbillivirus Morbillivirus (mor-bil´i-vI´rus)

A genus of the family Paramyxoviridae, including measles, canine distemper, and bovine rinderpest viruses.

morbilous morbilous (mor-bil´us)

Relating to measles (1). [see morbilli]

morbus morbus (mor´bus)

disease (1) [L. disease]

morbus Addisonii morbus Addisonii (mor´bus ad´I-son)

chronic adrenocortical insufficiency

morcel morcel (mor-sel´)

To remove piecemeal. [Fr. morceler, to subdivide]

morcellation morcellation (mor-se-la´shun)

Division into and removal of small pieces, as of a tumor.morcellement; [Fr. morceler, to subdivide]

morcellement morcellement (mor-sel-maw´)

morcellation [Fr.]

mordant mordant (mor´dant)

1. A substance capable of combining with a dye and the material to be dyed, thereby increasing the affinity or binding of the dye; e.g., a m. commonly used to promote staining with hematoxylin is alum. 2. To treat with a m. [L. mordeo, to bite]

mor. dict. mor. dict.

Abbreviation for L. more dicto, as directed.

Morel Morel

Benedict A., French psychiatrist, 1809-1873. See M.'s ear; Stewart-M. syndrome.

Morerastrongylus costaricensis Morerastrongylus costaricensis (mor´er-a-stron´ji-lus kos´tar-i-sen´sis)

Angiostrongylus costaricensis

mores mores (mo´raz)

A concept used in the behavioral and social sciences to refer to centrally important and accepted folkways, and cultural norms which embody the fundamental moral views of a group. [L. pl. of mos, custom]

Morgagni Morgagni

Giovanni B., Italian anatomist and pathologist, 1682-1771. See morgagnian cyst; M.'s appendix, cartilage, caruncle, cataract, columns, under column, concha, crypts, under crypt, disease, foramen, fossa, fovea, frenum, globules, under globule, humor, hydatid, lacuna, liquor, nodule, prolapse, retinaculum, sinus, spheres, under sphere, syndrome, tubercle, valves, under valve, ventricle; M.-Adams-Stokes syndrome; frenulum of M.

Morgan Morgan

Harry de R., British physician, 1863-1931. See M.'s bacillus.

morgan (M) morgan (M) (mor´gan)

The standard unit of genetic distance on the genetic map: the distance between two loci such that on average one crossing over will occur per meiosis; for working purposes, the centimorgan (0.01 M) is used. [T.H. Morgan, U.S. geneticist, 1866-1945]

Morganella Morganella (mor´gan-el´-ah)

A genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic, straight rods that are motile by peritrichous flagella. Found in feces of human beings, other animals, and reptiles. Can cause opportunistic infections of the blood, respiratory tract, wounds, and urinary tract.
M. morganii type (and only) species of the genus M.Morgan's bacillus;

Morgan's fold Morgan's fold

See under fold.

morgue morgue (morg)

1. A building where unidentified dead are kept pending identification before burial. 2. A building or room in a hospital or other facility where the dead are kept pending autopsy, burial, or cremation.mortuary (2); [Fr.]

moria moria (mor´e-a)

1. Rarely used term denoting foolishness or dullness of comprehension.hebetude; 2. Rarely used term for a mental state marked by frivolity, joviality, an inveterate tendency to jest, and inability to take anything seriously. [G. moria, folly, fr. moros, stupid, dull]

moribund moribund (mor´i-bund)

Dying; at the point of death. [L. moribundus, dying, fr. morior, to die]

morin morin (mor´in) [C.I. 75660]

2´,3,4´,5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone;a natural yellow dye obtained from fustic and other members of the mulberry family and often associated with the dye maclurin; used as a fluorochrome for detection of metals, particularly aluminum. Fluorescent morinates are also formed with beryllium, gallium, indium, scandium, thorium, titanium, and zirconium.

Morison Morison

James R., British surgeon, 1853-1939. See M.'s pouch.

Mörner Mörner

Karl A.H., Swedish chemist, 1855-1917. See M.'s test.

morning glory morning glory (mor´ning glo´re)

1. Ipomoea rubrocoerulea var. praecox 2. Rivea corymbosa

morning glory seeds morning glory seeds

The seeds of morning glories, Rivea corymbosa, have been used for mind-altering purposes; hallucinogenic; intoxicant.

Moro Moro

Ernst, German physician, 1874-1951. See M. reflex.

moron moron (mor´on)

An obsolete term for a subclass of mental retardation or the individual classified therein. [G. moros, stupid]

moroxydine moroxydine (mo-rok´si-den)

Abitilguanide; 4-morpholinecarboximidoylguanidine;an antiviral agent.

morph- morph-

See morpho-.

morphazinamide hydrochloride morphazinamide hydrochloride (mor-fa-zin´a-mId)

Morinamide hydrochloride; N-(morpholinomethyl)pyrazinecarboxamide hydrochloride;an antituberculous agent.

morphea morphea (mor-fe´a)

Cutaneous lesion(s) characterized by indurated, slightly depressed plaques of thickened dermal fibrous tissue, of a whitish or yellowish white color surrounded by a pinkish or purplish halo.localized scleroderma; [G. morphe, form, figure]
m. acroter´ica m. confined chiefly to the extremities.
m. al´ba m. in which there is reduction or absence of normal skin pigmentation.
m. gutta´ta small discrete, white, waxy, indurated lesions due to localized degenerative changes in the fibrous tissue.white spot disease;
m. herpetifor´mis m. distributed along the course of distribution of a nerve, similar to the distribution of the lesions of herpes zoster.
m. linea´ris m. in which lesions are arranged in bands.
m. pigmento´sa localized scleroderma in which there is an increase in pigmentation.

morpheme morpheme (mor´fem)

The smallest linguistic unit with a meaning. [G. morphe, form + -eme, from phoneme, G. pheme,utterance]

morphine morphine (mor´fen, mor-fen´)

C₁₇H₁₉NO₃;the major phenanthrene alkaloid of opium; contains 9 to 14% of anhydrous m. It produces a combination of depression and excitation in the central nervous system and some peripheral tissues; predominance of either central stimulation or depression depends upon the species and dose; repeated administration leads to the development of tolerance, physical dependence, and (if abused) psychic dependence. Used as an analgesic, sedative, and anxiolytic. [L. Morpheus, god of dreams or of sleep]
m. hydrochloride white acicular or cubical crystals of bitter taste, soluble in about 25 parts of water.
m. sulfate (MS) m. used for formulation of tablets as well as solutions for parenteral, epidural, or intrathecal injection to relieve pain.

morpho- morpho- , morph-

Form, shape, structure. [G. morphe]

morphogenesis morphogenesis (mor-fo-jen´e-sis)

1. Differentiation of cells and tissues in the early embryo which establishes the form and structure of the various organs and parts of the body. 2. The ability of a molecule or group of molecules (particularly macromolecules) to assume a certain shape. [morpho- + G. genesis, production]

morphogenetic morphogenetic (mor´fo-je-net´ik)

Relating to morphogenesis.

morphologic morphologic (mor-fo-loj´ik)

Relating to morphology.

morphology morphology (mor-fol´o-je)

The science concerned with the configuration or the structure of animals and plants. [morpho- + G. logos, study]

morphometric morphometric (mor´fo-met´rik)

Pertaining to morphometry.

morphometry morphometry (mor-fom´e-tre)

The measurement of the form of organisms or their parts. [morpho- + G. metron, measure]

morphon morphon (mor´fon)

Any one of the individual structures entering into the formation of an organism; a morphologic element, such as a cell. [G. morphe, form]

morphophysiology morphophysiology (mor-fo-fiz-e-ol´o-je)

functional anatomy

morphosis morphosis (mor-fo´sis)

Mode of development of a part. [G. formation, act of forming]

morphosynthesis morphosynthesis (mor-fo-sin´the-sis)

An awareness of space and of body schema represented in the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex. [morpho- + synthesis]

morphotype morphotype (mor´fo-tIp)

An infrasubspecific group of bacterial strains distinguishable from other strains of the same species on the basis of morphologic characters which may or may not be associated with a change in serologic state. [morpho- + G. typos, stamp, model]

Morquio Morquio

Louis, Uruguayan physician, 1867-1935. See M.'s disease, syndrome; M.-Ullrich disease; Brailsford-Morquio disease.

morrhuate sodium morrhuate sodium (mor´ru-at)

The sodium salts of the fatty acids of cod liver oil; a sclerosing agent used in the treatment of varicose veins, mixed with a local anesthetic. [fr. Gadus morrhua, cod]

Morrison Morrison

Ashton B., Irish pathologist in the U.S., *1922. See Verner-M. syndrome.

mors mors, gen. mortis (morz, mor´tis)

death [L.]
m. thy´mica old term for sudden death in young children, usually the result of infection; formerly erroneously attributed to an enlarged thymus. See also sudden infant death syndrome.

morsicatio morsicatio (mor-sik´a-te-o)

Habitual nibbling of the lips (labiorum), tongue (linguae), or buccal mucosa (buccarum); often produces a shaggy white lesion. [L. biting, fr. mordeo, to bite]
morsicatio buccarum (mor-sik´a-te-a) White elevations of buccal mucosa caused by the pressure of molar teeth. [L. chewing of the cheeks]

mor. sol. mor. sol.

Abbreviation for L. more solito, as usual, as customary.

morsulus morsulus (mor´su-lus)

troche [Mod. L. dim. of L. morsus, a bite]

mortal mortal (mor´tal)

1. Pertaining to or causing death. 2. Destined to die. [L. mortalis, fr. mors, death]

mortality mortality (mor-tal´i-te)

1. The state of being mortal. 2. mortality rate 3. A fatal outcome. [L. mortalitas, fr. mors (mort-), death]
perinatal m. (per´e-na-tal) m. around the time of birth, conventionally limited to the period from 28 weeks gestation to one week postnatal.

mortar mortar (mor´tar)

A vessel with rounded interior in which crude drugs and other substances are crushed or bruised by means of a pestle. [L. mortarium]

Mortierella Mortierella (mor´te-e-rel´a)

A genus of saprophytic fungi (class Zygomycetes, family Mucoraceae) commonly found in nature and occasionally causing zygomycosis in humans.

mortification mortification (mor´ti-fi-ka´shun)

gangrene (1) [L. mors (mort-), death, + facio, to make]

mortified mortified (mor´ti-fId)

gangrenous

mortise mortise (mor´tes)

The seating for the talus formed by the union of the fibula and the tibia at the ankle joint. [M.E., fr. O.Fr., fr. Ar. murtazz, fastened]

Morton Morton

Thomas G., U.S. physician, 1835-1903. See M.'s neuralgia.

Morton Morton

Dudley J., U.S. orthopedist, 1884-1960. See M.'s syndrome.

Morton Morton

Samuel G., U.S. physician, 1799-1851. See M.'s plane.

mortuary mortuary (mor´tyu-ar-e)

1. Relating to death or to burial. 2. morgue [L. mortuus, dead, part. adj. fr. morior, pp. mortuus, to die]

morula morula (mor´u-la, mor´yu-)

The solid mass of blastomeres resulting from the early cleavage divisions of the zygote. In ova with little yolk, the m. is a spheroidal mass of cells; in forms with considerable yolk, the configuration of the m. stage is greatly modified. [Mod. L. dim. of L. morus, mulberry]

morulation morulation (mor-u-la´shun, mor-yu-)

Formation of the morula.

moruloid moruloid (mor´u-loyd, mor´yu-)

1. Resembling a morula. 2. Shaped like a mulberry.

Morvan Morvan

Augustin, French physician, 1819-1897. See M.'s chorea, disease.

mosaic mosaic (mo-za´ik)

1. Inlaid; resembling inlaid work. 2. The juxtaposition in an organism of genetically different tissues; it may occur normally (as in lyonization, q.v.), or pathologically, as an occasional phenomenon. from somatic mutation (gene mosaicism), an anomaly of chromosome division resulting in two or more types of cells containing different numbers of chromosomes (chromosome mosaicism), or chimerism (cellular mosaicism). [Mod. L. mosaicus, musaicus, pertaining to the Muses, artistic]

mosaicism mosaicism (mo-za´i-sizm)

Condition of being mosaic (2).
cellular m. a chimerism in which a tissue contains cells from different zygotes; e.g., in humans, involving erythrocytes.
chromosome m. See mosaic (2).
gene m. See mosaic (2).
germinal m. , gonadal m. a state in which cells in a sector of a gonad are of a form not present in either parent, because of mutation in an intermediate progenitor of that sector.

Moschcowitz Moschcowitz

Eli, U.S. physician, 1879-1964. See M.'s disease; Moschcowitz test.

moschus moschus (mos´kus)

Musk. [G. moschos, musk]

Mosenthal Mosenthal

Herman Otto, American physician, 1878-1954. See Mosenthal test.

Mosler Mosler

Karl F., German physician, 1831-1911. See M.'s diabetes, sign.

mosquito mosquito, pl. mosquitoes (mus-ke´to, -tos)

A blood-sucking dipterous insect of the family Culicidae. Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Mansonia, and Stegomyia are the genera containing most of the species involved in the transmission of protozoan and other disease-producing parasites. [Sp. dim. of mosca, fly, fr. L. musca, a fly]

Moss Moss

Gerald, U.S. physician, *1931. See M. tube.

Moss Moss

Melvin L., U.S. oral pathologist, *1923. See Gorlin-Chaudhry-M. syndrome.

moss moss

1. Any low growing, delicate cryptogamous plant of the class Musci. 2. Popularly, any one of a number of lichens and seaweeds. [A.S. meos]
Ceylon m. a red seaweed; a source of agar.
club m. lycopodium
Iceland m. cetraria
Irish m. chondrus (2)
muskeag m. sphagnum m
pearl m. chondrus (2)
peat m. sphagnum m
sphagnum m. a highly absorbent m. used as a substitute for absorbent cotton or gauze in surgical dressing and sanitary napkins.muskeag m., peat m;

Mosso Mosso

Angelo, Italian physiologist, 1846-1910. See M.'s ergograph, sphygmomanometer.

Motais Motais

Ernst, French ophthalmologist, 1845-1913. See M.'s operation.

mote mote (mot)

A small particle; a speck. [A.S. mot]
blood m.'s hemoconia

mother mother (muth´er)

1. The female parent. 2. Any cell or other structure from which other similar bodies are formed. [A.S. modor]
surrogate m. a woman who has been contracted with to carry a pregnancy for another woman or couple.

mother of vinegar mother of vinegar

In vinegar, the fungus of acetous fermentation appearing as a stringy sediment. [A.S. modder, mud]

motile motile (mo´til)

1. Having the power of spontaneous movement. 2. Denoting the type of mental imagery in which one learns and recalls most readily that which has been felt. Cf. audile, visile. 3. A person having such mental imagery. [see motion]

motilin motilin (mo-til´in)

A 22-amino acid polypeptide occurring in duodenal mucosa as a controller of normal gastrointestinal motor activity; in minute (ng) doses it induces powerful motor activity increases in the fundic gland area and antral pouches of the stomach, with an increase in pepsin output from the former. [motility + -in]

motility motility (mo-til´i-te)

The power of spontaneous movement.

motion motion (mo´shun)

1. A change of place or position. Cf. movement (1). 2. defecation 3. stool [L. motio, movement, fr. moveo, pp. motus, to move]
brownian m. brownian movement
continuous passive m. (CPM) a technique in which a joint, usually the knee, is moved constantly in a mechanical splint to prevent stiffness and to increase the range of motion.

motivation motivation (mo-ti-va´shun)

In psychology, the aggregate of all the individual motives, needs, and drives operative in an individual at any given moment which influence will and cause behavior. [ML. motivus, moving]
extrinsic m. the search for satisfaction, or to avoid dissatisfaction, through non-task aspects of the environment such as seeking comfort, safety, and security from others or through the efforts of others.
intrinsic m. derivation of personal satisfaction through self-initiated achievement and behavior.
personal m. an individual's predispositions and expectations that give meaning and direction to personality functioning.

motive motive (mo´tiv)

1. An acquired predisposition, need, or specific state of tension within an individual which arouses, maintains, and directs behavior toward a goal.learned drive; 2. The reason attributed to or given by an individual for a behavioral act. Cf. instinct. [L. moveo, to move, to set in motion]
achievement m. an acquired, chronic need to succeed in the face of recognizable obstacles; its strength is usually diagnosed from recurring themes in stories told by the individual while taking a thematic apperception test or from other assessment instruments used by clinical psychologists.
mastery m. an acquired need to be assertive, to stand out in a crowd, to be dominant.

motofacient motofacient (mo-to-fa´shent)

Causing motion; denoting the second phase of muscular activity in which actual movement is produced. [L. motus, motion, + facio, to make]

motoneuron motoneuron (mo´to-nu´ron)

motor neuron

motor motor (mo´ter)

1. In anatomy and physiology, denoting those neural structures which by the impulses generated and transmitted by them cause muscle fibers or pigment cells to contract, or glands to secrete. See also motor cortex, motor endplate, motor neuron. 2. In psychology, denoting the organism's overt reaction to a stimulus (motor response). [L. a mover, fr. moveo, to move]
m. oc´uli oculomotor nerve
plastic m. an artificial point of attachment on an amputation stump to which is fastened the cord or extensor by which movement is transmitted to an artificial limb; used in cinematization.

motorial motorial (mo-tor´e-al)

Relating to motion, to a motor nerve or the motor nucleus.

motormeter motormeter (mo´ter-me´ter)

A device for determining the amount, force, and rapidity of movement.

mottle mottle (mot´tl)

Fine inhomogeneity of an area of generally uniform opacity on a photograph or radiograph; noise. [fr. motley, fr. M.E. mot, speck]
quantum m. m. caused by the statistical fluctuation of the number of photons absorbed by the intensifying screens to form the light image on the film; faster screens produce more quantum m.

mottling mottling (mot´ling)

An area of skin comprised of macular lesions of varying shades or colors. [E. motley, variegated in color]

Motulsky dye reduction test Motulsky dye reduction test

See under test.

moulage moulage (mu-lazh´)

A reproduction in wax of a skin lesion, tumor, or other pathologic state. [F. a molding]

mould mould (mold)

mold

moult moult (molt)

molt

mounding mounding (mownd´ing)

myoedema

Mounier-Kuhn Mounier-Kuhn

P., 20th century French physician. See Mounier-Kuhn syndrome.

mount mount (mownt)

1. To prepare for microscopic examination. 2. To climb on for purposes of copulation.

mounting mounting (mownt´ing)

In dentistry, the laboratory procedure of attaching the maxillary and/or mandibular cast to an articulator.
split cast m. 1. a cast with key grooves on its base, mounted on an articulator for the purpose of easy removal and accurate replacement; split remounting metal plates may be used instead of grooves in casts; 2. a means for testing the accuracy of articulator adjustment.

mourn mourn (morn)

To express grief or sorrow as a result of loss. In psychoanalysis, mourning is the frequently unexpressed process of responding to loss of a cathectic object which, in contrast to melancholia, usually does not involve loss of self-esteem. [O.E. murnan]

mouse mouse (mows)

A small rodent belonging to the genus Mus.
multimammate m. an African rodent, Praomys natalensis, widely used in cancer research.
New Zealand mice inbred strains of mice, either black (NZB) or white (NZW), unique among strains used in experimental immunology because of their proclivity to spontaneous immunologic abnormalities and disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus similar to that found in humans.
nude m. a hairless mutant m. with thymic hypoplasia, lacking T cells.

mousepox mousepox (mows´poks)

ectromelia (2)

mouth mouth (mowth)

1. oral cavity 2. The opening, usually the external opening, of a cavity or canal. See os (2), ostium, orifice, stoma (2). [A.S. muth]
carp m. a m. like that of the carp, with downturning of the corners; observed in Cornelia de Lange syndrome and Silver-Russel dwarfism.
denture sore m. mucosal erythema underlying a denture base, usually representing inflammation caused by ill-fitting dentures, poor oral hygiene, or Candida albicans.
parrot m. a condition of the horse in which the upper jaw is relatively longer than the lower, resulting in elongation of the upper incisors.
scabby m. orf
sore m. See soremouth.
tapir m. protrusion of the lips due to weakness of the orbicularis oris muscles; seen with some dystrophies.bouche de tapir;
trench m. necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
m. of the womb external os of uterus

mouth guard mouth guard

A pliable plastic device, adapted to cover the maxillary teeth, which is worn to reduce potential injury to oral structures during participation in contact sports.

mouth stick mouth stick

A prosthesis which is held by the teeth and utilized by handicapped persons to perform such actions as typing, painting, and lifting small objects.

mouthwash mouthwash

A medicated liquid used for cleaning the mouth and treating diseased states of its mucous membranes.collutorium, collutory;

movement movement (muv´ment)

1. The act of motion; said of the entire body or of one or more of its members or parts. 2. stool 3. defecation [L. moveo, pp. motus, to move]
active m. m. effected by the organism itself, unaided by external influences.
adversive m. a rotation of the eyes, head, or trunk about the long axis of the body.
after-m. See aftermovement.
ameboid m. the m. characteristic of leukocytes and protozoan organisms of the superclass Rhizopoda. See also streaming m., filopodium, lobopodium.
assistive m. in massage, a m. which the partially paralyzed muscle of the patient would be unable to perform unaided but which is effected with the graduated assistance of the operator.
associated m.'s normal involuntary limp m.'s that accompany voluntary movement, e.g., arm swing with walking.
Bennett m. the bodily lateral m. or lateral shift of the mandible during a laterotrusive m.
border m.'s any extreme compass of mandibular m. limited by bone, ligaments, or soft tissues; usually applied to horizontal mandibular m.'s.
border tissue m.'s the action of the muscles and other tissues adjacent to the borders of a denture.
bowel m. defecation.
brownian m. erratic, nondirectional, zigzag m. observed by ultramicroscope in certain colloidal solutions and by microscope in suspensions of light particulate matter that results from the jostling or bumping of the larger particles by the molecules in the suspending medium which are regarded as being in continuous motion.brownian motion, brownian-Zsigmondy m., molecular m., pedesis;
brownian-Zsigmondy m. brownian m
cardinal ocular m.'s eye rotations to the right and left, upward to the right and left, and downward to the right and left, to diagnose positions of gaze.
choreic m. an involuntary spasmodic twitching or jerking in groups of muscles not associated in the production of definite purposeful m.'s.
ciliary m. the rhythmic, sweeping m. of epithelial cell cilia, of ciliate protozoans, or the sculling m. of flagella, effected possibly by the alternate contraction and relaxation of contractile threads (myoids) on one side of the cilium or flagellum.
circus m. a contraction or excitation wave traveling continuously in circular fashion around a ring of muscle or through the wall of the heart.circus rhythm;
cogwheel ocular m.'s loose, jerky ocular rotations replacing smooth following rotations.
conjugate m. of eyes rotation of the two eyes in the same direction. See also version (4).
decomposition of m. a manifestation of cerebellar disease in which a muscular movement is not carried out smoothly but in a series of component motions.
disconjugate m. of eyes rotation of the two eyes in opposite directions, as in convergence or divergence.
drift m.'s drifts
fetal m. the m. characteristic of the fetus in utero; usually commences between the sixteenth and eighteenth weeks of pregnancy. See also quickening.
fixational ocular m. rotation of the eyes during voluntary fixation on an object; tremors, flicks, and drifts occur.
flick m.'s flicks
free mandibular m.'s 1. any mandibular m.'s made without tooth interference; 2. any uninhibited m.'s of the mandible.
functional mandibular m.'s all natural, proper, or characteristic m.'s of the mandible made during speech, mastication, yawning, swallowing, and other associated m.'s.
fusional m. a reflex m. that tends to move the visual axes to the object of fixation so that stereoscopic vision is possible.
hinge m. an opening or closing m. of the mandible on the hinge axis.
intermediary m.'s in dentistry, all m.'s between the extremes of mandibular excursions.
lateral m. in dentistry, m. of the mandible to the side.
Magnan's trombone m. an involuntary forward and back m. of the tongue when it is drawn out of the mouth; may be seen in several basal ganglia disorders.
mandibular m. 1. m.'s of the lower jaw; 2. all changes in position of which the mandible is capable.
mass m. mass peristalsis
molecular m. brownian m
morphogenetic m. the streaming of cells in the early embryo to form tissues or organs.
muscular m. m. caused by the contraction of the myofibrils of the muscle cells.
neurobiotactic m. the streaming of nerve cells toward the area from which they receive the most stimuli.
non-rapid eye m. (NREM) slow oscillation of the eyes during sleep.
opening m. in dentistry, m. of the mandible executed during jaw separation.
paradoxical m. of eyelids spontaneous, involuntary elevation or lowering of the eyelids, associated with m. of extraocular muscles or muscles of mastication (external pterygoids). See jaw winking.
passive m. m. imparted to an organism or any of its parts by external agency; m. of any joint effected by the hand of another person, or by mechanical means, without participation of the subject himself.
pendular m. a to-and-fro m. of the intestine, without any propelling or peristaltic action, whereby the contents are churned and thoroughly mixed with the intestinal ferments.
protoplasmic m. m. produced by the inherent power of contraction and relaxation of protoplasm; such m.'s are of three kinds: muscular, streaming, and ciliary.
rapid eye m.'s (REM) symmetrical quick scanning m.'s of the eyes occurring many times during sleep in clusters for 5 to 60 minutes; associated with dreaming.
reflex m. an involuntary m. resulting from a sensory stimulus.
resistive m. in massage, a m. made by the patient against the efforts of the operator, or one forced by the operator against the resistance of the patient.
saccadic m. 1. a quick rotation of the eyes from one fixation point to another as in reading; 2. the rapid correction m. of a jerky nystagmus, as in labyrinthine and optokinetic nystagmus.
streaming m. the form of m. characteristic of the protoplasm of leukocytes, amebae, and other unicellular organisms; it involves the massing of the protoplasm at a point where surface pressure is least and its extrusion in the form of a pseudopod; the protoplasm may return to the body of the cell, resulting in the retraction of the pseudopod, or the entire mass may flow into the latter and thereby result in locomotion of the cell.
Swedish m.'s a form of kinesitherapy in which certain systematized m.'s of the body and limbs are regulated by resistance made by an attendant.Swedish gymnastics;
translatory m. the motion of the body at any instant when all points within the body are moving at the same velocity and in the same direction.
vermicular m. peristalsis

Mowry's colloidal iron stain Mowry's colloidal iron stain

See under stain.

moxa moxa (mok´sa)

A cone or cylinder of cotton wool or other combustible material, placed on the skin and ignited in order to produce counterirritation. See also moxibustion. [Jap. moe kusa, burning herb]

moxalactam moxalactam (moks-a-lak´tam)

A third-generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial action; causes bleeding disorders which limit its use.
m. disodium (moks-a-lak´tam) C₂₀H₁₈N₆Na₂O₉S;a broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic related to the penicillins and cephalosporins.

moxibustion moxibustion (mok-sI-bus´chun)

Burning of herbal agents, such as moxa, on the skin as a counterirritant in the treatment of disease; a component of traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine.

moxisylyte moxisylyte (mok-sI´si-lIt)

5-(2-Dimethylaminoethoxy)carvacrol acetate;used as an a-adrenergic blocking agent for treatment of peripheral vascular disease.thymoxamine;

m.p. m.p.

1. Abbreviation for melting point. 2. Abbreviation for [L] modo praescripto, in the manner prescribed.

MPD MPD

Abbreviation for maximum permissible dose.

MPR MPR

Abbreviation for mannose-6-phosphate receptors, under receptor.

MPS MPS

Abbreviation for mononuclear phagocyte system.

MPTP MPTP

N-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine;piperidine derivative which causes irreversible symptoms of parkinsonism in humans and monkeys. A by-product of illicitly manufactured meperidine that caused numerous cases of parkinsonism. Used as an experimental tool in research on parkinsonism.

MQ MQ

Former abbreviation for menaquinone; now MK.

M.R.C.P. M.R.C.P.

Abbreviation for Member of the Royal College of Physicians (of England).

M.R.C.P.(E) M.R.C.P.(E)

Abbreviation for Member of the Royal College of Physicians (Edinburgh).

M.R.C.P.(I) M.R.C.P.(I)

Abbreviation for Member of the Royal College of Physicians (Ireland).

M.R.C.S. M.R.C.S.

Abbreviation for Member of the Royal College of Surgeons (England).

M.R.C.S.(E) M.R.C.S.(E)

Abbreviation for Member of the Royal College of Surgeons (Edinburgh).

M.R.C.S.(I) M.R.C.S.(I)

Abbreviation for Member of the Royal College of Surgeons (Ireland).

M.R.C.V.S. M.R.C.V.S.

Abbreviation for Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (of the United Kingdom).

MRD MRD , mrd

Abbreviation for minimal reacting dose.

MRF MRF

Abbreviation for melanotropin-releasing factor.

MRH MRH

Abbreviation for melanotropin-releasing hormone.

MRI MRI

Abbreviation for magnetic resonance imaging.

mRNA mRNA

Abbreviation for messenger RNA.ribonucleic acid

MS MS

Abbreviation for multiple sclerosis; morphine sulfate; mitral stenosis; and myasthenic syndrome (Lambert-Eaton syndrome).

ms ms

Abbreviation for millisecond.

M.S.D. M.S.D.

Abbreviation for Master of Science in Dentistry.

msec msec

Abbreviation for millisecond.

MSG MSG

Abbreviation for monosodium glutamate.

MSH MSH

Abbreviation for melanocyte-stimulating hormone.

MTBE MTBE

Abbreviation for methyl-tert-butyl ether.

MTF MTF

Abbreviation for modulation transfer function.

m.u. m.u.

Abbreviation for mouse unit.

mu mu (myu)

Twelfth letter of the Greek alphabet, mu.

mucase mucase (myu´kas)

mucinase

Much Much

Hans C.R., German physician, 1880-1932. See M.'s bacillus.

Mucha Mucha

Victor, Austrian dermatologist, 1877-1919. See M.-Habermann disease, syndrome.

muci- muci-

Mucous, mucin. See also muco-, myxo-. [L. mucus]

mucicarmine mucicarmine (myu-si-kar´mIn)

A red stain containing aluminum chloride and carmine; used to detect epithelial mucins and mucin-secreting adenocarcinomas; also used to demonstrate the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans and other fungi.

mucid mucid (myu´sid)

muciparous

muciferous muciferous (myu-sif´er-us)

muciparous

mucification mucification (myu´si-fi-ka´shun)

A change produced in the vaginal mucosa of spayed experimental animals following stimulation with estrogen; characterized by the formation of tall columnar cells secreting mucus. [L. mucus + facio, to make]

muciform muciform (myu´si-form)

Resembling mucus.blennoid, mucoid (2);

mucigenous mucigenous (myu-sij´e-nus)

muciparous

mucihematein mucihematein (myu-si-he´ma-te-in)

A violet-blue staining fluid containing aluminum chloride and hematein; used to detect connective tissue mucins.

mucilage mucilage (myu´si-lij)

A pharmacopeial preparation consisting of a solution in water of the mucilaginous principles of vegetable substances; used as a soothing application to the mucous membranes and in the preparation of official and extemporaneous mixtures. [L. mucilago]

mucilaginous mucilaginous (myu-sI-laj´i-nus)

1. Resembling mucilage; i.e., adhesive, viscid, sticky. 2. muciparous

mucin mucin (myu´sin)

A secretion containing carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins such as that from the goblet cells of the intestine, the submaxillary glands, and other mucous glandular cells; it is also present in the ground substance of connective tissue, especially mucous connective tissue, is soluble in alkaline water, and is precipitated by acetic acid.
gastric m. a white or yellowish powder which forms a viscous opalescent fluid with water, prepared from mucosa of hog's stomach by pepsin-hydrochloric acid digestion and precipitation of the supernatant fluid with 60% alcohol; used in peptic ulcer for its protective and lubricating action.

mucinase mucinase (myu´si-nas)

A term specifically applied to hyaluronate lyase, hyaluronoglucosaminidase, and hyaluronoglucuronidase (hyaluronidases), but more loosely to any enzyme that hydrolyzes mucopolysaccharide substances (mucins).mucase, mucopolysaccharidase;

mucinemia mucinemia (myu-si-ne´me-a)

The presence of mucin in the circulating blood.myxemia; [mucin + G. haima, blood]

mucinogen mucinogen (myu´sin-o-jen)

A glycoprotein that forms mucin through the imbibition of water. [mucin + G. -gen, producing]

mucinoid mucinoid (myu´si-noyd)

1. mucoid (1) 2. Resembling mucin.

mucinolytic mucinolytic (myu´si-no-lit´ik)

Capable of bringing about the hydrolysis of mucin, as by a mucinase.

mucinosis mucinosis (myu-si-no´sis)

A condition in which mucin is present in the skin in excessive amounts, or in abnormal distribution; classified as: metabolic m. , diffuse or pretibial myxedema, lichen myxedematosus, gargoylism; secondary m. , degeneration in tumors; localized m. , follicular, papular, plaque-like, focal, and myxoid or synovial cyst. [mucin + G. -osis, condition]
cutaneous focal m. flesh-colored papules of the skin, composed of homogenous mucinous material with scattered fibroblasts.
follicular m. a relatively uncommon benign eruption of discrete erythematous lesions progressing to alopecia on the face or scalp, usually in young people, in which there are cystic mucinous changes in the epithelium of hair follicles in the involved area; may also develop in mycosis fungoides.
oral focal m. an area of myxomatous connective tissue; the mucosal counterpart of cutaneous focal m.
papular m. lichen myxedematosus
reticular erythematous m. (REM) REM syndrome

mucinous mucinous (myu´si-nus)

Relating to or containing mucin.mucoid (3);

mucinuria mucinuria (myu-si-nu´re-a)

The presence of mucin in the urine. [mucin + G. ouron, urine]

muciparous muciparous (myu-sip´a-rus)

Producing or secreting mucus.blennogenic, blennogenous, mucid, muciferous, mucigenous, mucilaginous (2); [mucin + L. pario, to bring forth, bear]

mucitis mucitis (myu-sI´tis)

Inflammation of a mucous membrane.

Muckle Muckle

T.J., 20th century Canadian pediatrician. See M.-Wells syndrome.

muco- muco-

Mucous, mucous (mucous membrane). See also muci-, myxo-. [L. mucus]

mucocele mucocele (myu´ko-sel)

mucous cyst 3. A retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, or gallbladder. [muco- + G. kele, tumor, hernia]

mucoclasis mucoclasis (myu-kok´la-sis)

Denudation of any mucous surface. [muco- + G. klasis, a breaking off]

mucocolitis mucocolitis (myu´ko-ko-lI´tis)

mucous colitis

mucocolpos mucocolpos (myu-ko-kol´pos)

Presence of mucus in the vagina. [muco- + G. kolpos, vagina]

mucocutaneous mucocutaneous (myu´ko-kyu-ta´ne-us)

Relating to mucous membrane and skin; denoting the line of junction of the two at the nasal, oral, vaginal, and anal orifices.cutaneomucosal;

mucoenteritis mucoenteritis (myu´ko-en-ter-I´tis)

1. Inflammation of the intestinal mucous membrane. 2. mucomembranous enteritis

mucoepidermoid mucoepidermoid (myu´ko-ep-i-der´moyd)

Denoting a mixture of mucus-secreting and epithelial cells, as in m. carcinoma.

mucoglobulin mucoglobulin (myu-ko-glob´yu-lin)

A glycoprotein or mucoprotein in which the protein component is a globulin.

mucoid mucoid (myu´koyd)

1. General term for a mucin, mucoprotein, or glycoprotein.mucinoid (1); 2. muciform 3. mucinous [mucus + G. eidos, appearance]

mucolipidosis mucolipidosis, pl. mucolipidoses (myu´ko-lip-i-do´sis, -sez)

Any of a group of lysosomal storage diseases in which symptoms of visceral and mesenchymal mucopolysaccharide, glycoprotein, oligosaccharide, or glycolipid storage are present; clinically, they bear a superficial resemblance to the mucopolysaccharidoses; autosomal recessive inheritance. [muco- + lipid + -osis, condition]
m. I [MIM*256550] m. somewhat like a mild form of Hurler's syndrome with mild dysostosis multiplex, and moderate mental retardation due to neuraminidase deficiency; autosomal recessive inheritance.lipomucopolysaccharidosis;
m. II [MIM*252500] m. of early onset and with severe symptoms like those in Hurler's syndrome but with normal urinary mucopolysaccharides, vacuolated lymphocytes, and inclusion bodies in cultured fibroblasts (I-cells); lysosomal enzymes are increased in serum, spinal fluid, and urine; associated with a deficiency of N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phosphotransferase; autosomal recessive inheritance.I-cell disease, inclusion cell disease;
m. III [MIM*252600, MIM*252600] m. with mild Hurler-like symptoms, restricted joint mobility, short stature, mild mental retardation, and dysplastic skeletal changes, especially of the hip; aortic and mitral valve disease are often present; associated with a deficiency of UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine; lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phosphotransferase; autosomal recessive inheritance.pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy, pseudopolydystrophy;
m. IV [MIM*252650] psychomotor retardation with cloudy corneas and retinal degeneration, with inclusion cells in cultured fibroblasts; may be due to a deficiency of neuramidase, but details are uncertain; autosomal recessive inheritance.

mucolysis mucolysis (myu-kol´i-sis)

The solution, digestion, or liquefaction of mucus. [muco- + G. lysis, dissolution]

mucolytic mucolytic (myu-ko-lit´ik)

Capable of dissolving, digesting, or liquefying mucus.

mucomembranous mucomembranous (myu´ko-mem´bra-nus)

Relating to a mucous membrane.

mucopeptide mucopeptide (myu-ko-pep´tId)

A peptide found in combination with polysaccharides containing muramic or sialic acids.
m. glycohydrolase lysozyme

mucoperiosteal mucoperiosteal (myu´ko-per-e-os´te-al)

Relating to mucoperiosteum.

mucoperiosteum mucoperiosteum (myu´ko-per-e-os´te-um)

Mucous membrane and periosteum so intimately united as to form practically a single membrane, as that covering the hard palate.

mucopolysaccharidase mucopolysaccharidase (myu´ko-pol-e-sak´a-ri-das)

mucinase, beta-d-glucuronidase deficiency

mucopolysaccharide mucopolysaccharide (myu´ko-pol-e-sak´a-rId)

General term for a protein-polysaccharide complex obtained from proteoglycans and containing as much as 95% polysaccharide; m.'s include the blood group substances. A more modern term is glycosaminoglycan, as all of the known six classes contain major amounts of d-glucosamine and d-galactosamine.

mucopolysaccharidosis mucopolysaccharidosis , mucopolysaccharidoses (myu´ko-pol-e-sak´a-ri-do´sis, -sez) [MIM*252700 to MIM*253230]

Any of a group of lysosomal storage diseases that have in common a disorder in metabolism of mucopolysaccharides, as evidenced by excretion of various mucopolysaccharides in urine and infiltration of these substances into connective tissue, with resulting various defects of bone, cartilage, and connective tissue.
type IH m. Hurler's syndrome
type I H/S m. Hurler-Scheie syndrome
type IS m. Scheie's syndrome
type II m. Hunter's syndrome
type III m. Sanfilippo's syndrome
type IVA, B m. Morquio's syndrome
type V m. former designation for Scheie's syndrome.
type VI m. Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome
type VII m. Sly syndrome
type VIII m. Sly syndrome 1. Di Ferrante syndrome

mucopolysacchariduria mucopolysacchariduria (myu´ko-pol-e-sak´a-ri-du´re-a)

The excretion of mucopolysaccharides in the urine.

mucoprotein mucoprotein (myu-ko-pro´ten)

General term for a protein-polysaccharide complex, usually implying that the protein component is the major part of the complex, in contradistinction to mucopolysaccharide; m.'s include the a₁- and a₂-globulins of serum (and others). Sometimes called glycoproteins, although this term usually refers to those m.'s containing less than 4% carbohydrate.
Tamm-Horsfall m. the matrix of urinary casts derived from the secretion of renal tubular cells.

mucopurulent mucopurulent (myu-ko-pu´ru-lent)

Pertaining to an exudate that is chiefly purulent (pus), but containing relatively conspicuous proportions of mucous material.puromucous;

mucopus mucopus (myu´ko-pus)

A mucopurulent discharge; a mixture of mucous material and pus.mycopus;

Mucor Mucor (myu´kor)

A genus of fungi (class Zygomycetes, family Mucoraceae), most species of which are saprobic; several are pathogenic and may cause zygomycosis in humans.

Mucoraceae Mucoraceae (myu´kor-a´se-e)

A family of fungi (class Zygomycetes) comprised of terrestrial, aquatic, and sometimes parasitic organisms; includes the genera Mucor, Absidia, Rhizopus, and Mortierella. Although the various species of the four genera are ordinarily saprobic, free-living forms, some of them cause zygomycosis (mucormycosis) in humans. [L. mucor, mold]

mucormycosis mucormycosis (myu´kor-mI-ko´sis)

zygomycosis

mucosa mucosa (myu-ko´sa)

A mucous tissue lining various tubular structures, consisting of epithelium, lamina, propria, and, in the digestive tract, a layer of smooth muscle.tunica mucosa [NA], membrana mucosa, mucosal tunics, mucous tunics, mucous membranes; [L. fem. of mucosus, mucous]
alveolar m. the mucous membrane apical to the attached gingiva.
m. of auditory tube the lining coat of the auditory tube.tunica mucosa tubae auditivae [NA];
m. of bronchi the inner coat of the bronchi.tunica mucosa bronchiorum [NA];
m. of ductus deferens the inner layer of the ductus deferens.tunica mucosa ductus deferentis [NA];
esophageal m. the inner coat of the esophagus.tunica mucosa esophagi [NA];
m. of female urethra the inner mucosal layer of the female urethra.tunica mucosa urethrae femininae [NA];
m. of gallbladder the inner coat of the gallbladder.tunica mucosa vesicae biliaris [NA], tunica mucosa vesicae felleae [NA];
gastric m. the mucous layer of the stomach.tunica mucosa gastrica [ventriculi] [NA];
gingival m. that portion of the oral mucous membrane that covers and is attached to the necks of the teeth and the alveolar process of the jaws; it is demarcated from lining m. on the facial aspect by a clearly defined line which marks the mucogingival junction, and, in contrast to the lining m., is keratinized and lighter in color; on the palatal surface, the gingiva blends imperceptibly with the palatal m.
laryngeal m. the mucous coat of the larynx.tunica mucosa laryngis [NA];
lingual m. mucous membrane of the tongue, the mucosa of the dorsum of the tongue appears velvety due to the presence of vast numbers of papillae; that of the inferior surface is smooth and thinner.tunica mucosa linguae [NA];
nasal m. the mucous membrane of the nose; it is continuous with the skin in the vestibule of the nose and with the mucosa of the nasopharynx, the paranasal sinuses, and the nasolacrimal duct, and contains goblet cells; it is subdivided into the regio olfactoria and regio respiratoria.tunica mucosa nasi [NA], membrana pituitosa, pituitary membrane, schneiderian membrane;
olfactory m. epithelium containing nerve cells whose axons form the filaments of the olfactory nerve; the lamina propria contains numerous olfactory glands (Bowman) that open to the surface.
oral m. the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, including the gingiva.tunica mucosa oris [NA];
pharyngeal m. the mucous coat of the pharynx.tunica mucosa pharyngis [NA];
respiratory m. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells and a lamina propria containing, in addition to connective tissue, numerous seromucous glands and in some regions many thin-walled veins which line the airways. See region of respiratory mucosa.
m. of seminal vesicle the mucous membrane of the seminal vesicle.tunica mucosa vesiculae seminalis [NA];
m. of small intestine the mucous coat of the small intestine.tunica mucosa intestini tenuis [NA];
tracheal m. the inner mucous layer of the trachea.tunica mucosa tracheae [NA];
m. of tympanic cavity the mucous layer of the tympanic cavity and the structures in it.tunica mucosa cavitatis tympani [NA], mucous membrane of tympanic cavity;
m. of ureter the inner layer of the ureter.tunica mucosa ureteris [NA];
m. of urinary bladder the inner coat of the urinary bladder.tunica mucosa vesicae urinariae [NA];
m. of uterine tube the mucous layer of the uterine tube.tunica mucosa tubae uterinae [NA];
vaginal m. the mucous membrane of the vagina.tunica mucosa vaginae [NA];

mucosal mucosal (myu-ko´sal)

Relating to the mucosa or mucous membrane.

mucosanguineous mucosanguineous , mucosanguinolent (myu´ko-sang-gwin´e-us, -o-lent)

Pertaining to an exudate or other fluid material that has a relatively high content of blood and mucus. [muco- + L. sanguis, blood]

mucosectomy mucosectomy (myu-ko-sek´to-me)

Excision of the mucosa, usually of the rectum prior to ileoanal anastomosis for treatment of ulcerative colitis. [mucosa + G. ektome, excision]

mucoserous mucoserous (myu-ko-se´rus)

Pertaining to an exudate or secretion that consists of both mucus and serum or a watery component.

mucostatic mucostatic (myu-ko-stat´ik)

1. Denoting the normal relaxed condition of mucosal tissues covering the jaws. 2. Arresting the secretion of mucus. [muco- + G. stasis, a standing]

mucous mucous (myu´kus)

Relating to mucus or a m. membrane. [L. mucosus, mucous, fr. mucus]

mucoviscidosis mucoviscidosis (myu´ko-vis-i-do´sis)

cystic fibrosis [myco- + G. toxikon, poison, + -osis, condition]

mucro mucro, pl. mucrones (myu´kro, myu-kro´nez)

A term applied to the pointed extremity of a structure. [L. point, sword]
m. cor´dis obsolete term for apex of heart.
m. ster´ni xiphoid process

mucron mucron (myu´kron)

Attachment organelle of aseptate gregarines, similar to an epimerite; the latter is set off from the rest of the gregarine body by a septum.

mucronate mucronate (myu´kro-nat)

xiphoid [L. mucronatus, pointed]

mucus mucus (myu´kus)

The clear viscid secretion of the mucous membranes, consisting of mucin, epithelial cells, leukocytes, and various inorganic salts suspended in water. [L.]
glairy m. pituita

Muehrcke Muehrcke

Robert C. See M.'s lines, under line.

Mueller Mueller

U.S. manufacturer of surgical instruments. See Mueller electronic tonometer.

Muellerius capillaris Muellerius capillaris (myu-ler´e-us kap-i-la´ris)

One of the most common species of hair lungworms (subfamily Protostrongylinae) of sheep, goats, and deer. It is smaller than Dictyocaulus, inhabits the smaller bronchi and lung parenchyma, and is relatively nonpathogenic to its host.

Muir Muir

E. G. See M.-Torre syndrome.

Mules Mules

Philip H., English ophthalmologist, 1843-1905. See M.'s operation.

muliebria muliebria (mu´le-e´bre-a)

The female genital organs. [L. neut pl. of muliebris, relating to mulier, a woman]

Müller Müller

Friedrich von, German physician, 1858-1941. See M.'s sign.

Müller Müller

Heinrich, German anatomist, 1820-1864. See M.'s radial cells, under cell, fibers, under fiber, muscle, trigone.

Müller Müller

Hermann F., German histologist, 1866-1898. See formol-M. fixative; M.'s fixative.

Müller Müller

Johannes P., German anatomist, physiologist, and pathologist, 1801-1858. See M.'s capsule, duct, law, maneuver, tubercle.

Müller Müller

Leopold, Czechoslovakian ophthalmologist, 1862-1936.

Müller Müller

Peter, German obstetrician, 1836-1922. See Hillis-M. maneuver.

Müller Müller

Walther, 20th century German physicist. See Geiger-M. counter, tube.

müllerian müllerian (myu-ler´e-an)

Attributed to or described by Johannes Müller.

mulling mulling (mul´ing)

In dentistry, the final step of mixing dental amalgam, when the triturated mass is kneaded to complete the amalgamation.

multangular multangular (mul-tang´gyu-lar)

Having many angles.

multi- multi-

Many, properly joined only to words of L. derivation; See also pluri-. Cf. poly-. [L. multus, much]

multiarticular multiarticular (mul´te-ar-tik´yu-lar)

Relating to or involving many joints.polyarthric, polyarticular; [multi- + L. articulus, joint]

multibacillary multibacillary (mul-te-bas´i-lar-e)

Made up of, or denoting the presence of, many bacilli.

multicapsular multicapsular (mul-te-kap´su-lar)

Having numerous capsules.

multicellular multicellular (mul-te-sel´yu-lar)

Composed of many cells.

Multiceps Multiceps (mul´ti-seps)

A genus of taeniid tapeworms in which the larval forms in herbivores occur in the form of a coenurus (multiple scoleces invaginated within a single cyst). [multi- + L. caput, head]
M. mul´ticeps a species the mature form of which occurs in the intestines of dogs; the coenurus develops in the brains of herbivorous animals, especially sheep; the cyst is often called Coenurus cerebralis.
M. seria´lis a species the mature form of which is found in the intestine of dogs; the coenurus is found in the subcutaneous tissues of rabbits.

multicollinearity multicollinearity (mul´te-kol´in-e-ar´i-te)

In multiple regression analysis, a situation in which at least some independent variables in a set are highly correlated with each other. [multi- + L. col-lineo, to line up together]

multi-CSF multi-CSF

Abbreviation for multi-colony-stimulating factor.

multicuspid multicuspid (mul-te-kus´pid)

multicuspidate (2)

multicuspidate multicuspidate (mul-te-kus´pi-dat)

1. Having more than two cusps. 2. A molar tooth with three or more cusps or projections on the crown.multicuspid;

multienzyme multienzyme (mul´tI-en´zIm, mul´te-)

Referring to several enzymes; e.g., multienzyme complex.

multifetation multifetation (mul-te-fe-ta´shun)

superfetation

multifid multifid (mul´te-fid)

Divided into many clefts or segments.multifidus (1); [L. multifidus, fr. multus, much, + findo, to cleave]

multifidus multifidus (mul-tif´i-dus)

1. multifid 2. See multifidus muscle. [L.]

multifocal multifocal (mul-te-fo´kal)

Relating to or arising from many foci.

multiform multiform (mul´ti-form)

polymorphic

multiglandular multiglandular (mul-te-glan´dyu-lar)

pluriglandular

multigravida multigravida (mul-te-grav´i-da)

A pregnant woman who has been pregnant one or more times previously. [multi- + L. gravida, pregnant]

multi-infection multi-infection (mul´te-in-fek´shun)

Mixed infection with two or more varieties of microorganisms developing simultaneously.

multilobar multilobar , multilobate , multilobed (mul-te-lo´bar, -lo´bat, -lobd´)

Having several lobes.

multilobular multilobular (mul-te-lob´yu-lar)

Having many lobules.

multilocal multilocal (mul-te-lo´kal)

Denoting traits with an etiology comprising effects of multiple genetic loci operating together and simultaneously. Cf. galtonian.

multilocular multilocular (mul-te-lok´yu-lar)

Many-celled; having many compartments or loculi.plurilocular;

multimammae multimammae (mul-te-mam´e)

polymastia [multi- + L. mamma, breast]

multinodal multinodal (mul-te-no´dal)

Having many nodes.

multinodular multinodular , multinodulate (mul-te-nod´yu-lar, -yu-lat)

Having many nodules.

multinuclear multinuclear , multinucleate (mul-te-nu´kle-ar, -at)

Having two or more nuclei.plurinuclear, polynuclear, polynucleate;

multinucleosis multinucleosis (mul´te-nuk-le-o´sis)

polynucleosis

multipara multipara (mul-tip´a-ra)

A woman who has given birth at least two times to an infant, liveborn or not, weighing 500 g or more, or having an estimated length of gestation of at least 20 weeks. [multi- + L. pario, to bring forth, to bear]
grand m. a m. who has given birth five or more times.

multiparity multiparity (mul-te-par´i-te)

Condition of being a multipara.

multiparous multiparous (mul-tip´a-rus)

Relating to a multipara.

multipartial multipartial (mul´te-par´shal)

Polyvalent, with respect to an antiserum.

multiple multiple (mul´ti-pl)

Manifold; repeated several times; occurring in several parts at the same time, as m. arthritis, m. neuritis. [L. multiplex, fr. multus, many, + plico, pp. -atus, to fold]

multipolar multipolar (mul-te-po´lar)

Having more than two poles; denoting a nerve cell in which the branches project from several points.

multirooted multirooted (mul-te-rut´ed)

Having more than two roots.

multirotation multirotation (mul´te-ro-ta´shun)

mutarotation

multisubstrate multisubstrate (mul-tI-sub´stat, mul-te´-)

Referring to an enzyme, receptor, or acceptor protein, which requires two or more substrates.

multisynaptic multisynaptic (mul´te-si-nap´tik)

polysynaptic

multivalence multivalence , multivalency (mul-te-va´lens, -va´len-se)

The state of being multivalent.

multivalent multivalent (mul-te-va´lent)

1. In chemistry, having a combining power (valence) of more than one hydrogen atom. 2. Efficacious in more than one direction. 3. An antisera specific for more than one antigen or organism.polyvalent (1);

mummification mummification (mum´i-fi-ka´shun)

1. dry gangrene 2. Shrivelling of a dead, retained fetus. 3. In dentistry, treatment of inflamed dental pulp with fixative drugs (usually formaldehyde derivatives) in order to retain teeth so treated for relatively short periods; generally acceptable only for primary (deciduous) teeth. [mummy + L. facio, to make]

mumps mumps (mumpz)

epidemic parotiditis [dialectic Eng. mump, a lump or bump]
metastatic m. m. complicated by involvement of organs other than parotid glands, such as the testis, breast, or pancreas.

Münchhausen Münchhausen

Baron Karl F.H. von, German nobleman, soldier, and raconteur, 1720-1797. See Munchausen syndrome; Munchausen syndrome by proxy.

Munro Munro

William J., 19th century Australian dermatologist. See M.'s abscess, microabscess.

Munro Munro

John C., U.S. surgeon, 1858-1910. See M.'s point.

Munsell Munsell

Albert H., U.S. artist, 1858-1918. See Farnsworth-M. color test.

Munsell Munsell

Hazel E., U.S. chemist, *1891. See Sherman-M. unit.

Munson's sign Munson's sign

See under sign.

Münzer Münzer

Egmont, Austrian physician, 1865-1924. See tract of M. and Wiener.

Mur Mur

Abbreviation for muramic acid.

mural mural (myu´ral)

Relating to the wall of any cavity. [L. muralis; fr. murus, wall]

muramic acid (Mur) muramic acid (Mur) (myu-ram´ik)

2-Amino-3-O-(1-carboxyethyl)-2-deoxy-d-glucose;d-Glucosamine and lactate in ether linkage between the 3 and 2 positions, respectively; a constituent of the mureins in bacterial cell walls.

muramidase muramidase (myu-ram´i-das)

lysozyme

mureins mureins (myur´enz)

Peptidoglycans composing the sacculus or cell casing of bacteria, consisting of linear polysaccharides of alternating N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid units, to the lactate side chains of which are linked oligopeptides; independent chains are cross-linked in three dimensions via the peptides or the 6-OH groups (the latter may be linked via phosphate to a teichoic acid). [L. murus, wall]

Muret Muret

Paul-Louis, French physician, *1878. See Quénu-M. sign.

murexide murexide (myu-rek´sId, -sid)

The ammonium salt of purpuric acid, formerly used as a dye but superseded by the aniline colors.

muriate muriate (myu´re-at)

Former term for chloride. [L. muria, brine]

muriatic muriatic (myu-re-at´ik)

Relating to brine. [L. muriaticus, pickled in brine, fr. muria, brine]

muriatic acid muriatic acid

hydrochloric acid

Muridae Muridae (myu´ri-de)

The largest family of Rodentia and of mammals, embracing the Old World mice and rats. [L. mus (mur-), a mouse]

muriform muriform (myur´i-form)

Multicellular with cross and longitudinal septa; denoting an aggregation of cells fitting together like stones in a stone wall. [L. murus, wall, + -form]

murine murine (myu´rIn, -rin, -ren)

Relating to animals of the family Muridae. [L. murinus, relating to mice, fr. mus (mur-), a mouse]

murmur murmur (mer´mer)

1. A soft sound, like that made by a somewhat forcible expiration with the mouth open, heard on auscultation of the heart, lungs, or blood vessels.susurrus; 2. An other-than-soft sound, which may be loud, harsh, frictional, etc. e.g., organic cardiac m.'s may be soft or loud and harsh; pericardial m.'s usually are frictional and are more properly described as "rubs" rather than m.'s. [L.]
accidental m. an evanescent cardiac m. not due to valvular lesion.
anemic m. a nonvalvular m. heard on auscultation of the heart and large blood vessels in cases of profound anemia associated mainly with turbulent blood flow due to decreased blood viscosity.
aneurysmal m. a systolic or systolic-diastolic m. heard over some cardiac aneurysms.
aortic m. a m. produced at the aortic orifice, either obstructive or regurgitant.
arterial m. a m. heard on auscultating an artery.
atriosystolic m. presystolic m
Austin Flint m. Austin Flint phenomenon, Flint's m
bellows m. a blowing m.
brain m. sounds produced by intracranial aneurysms or arterial venous aneurysms in congenital dysplastic angiomatosis.
Cabot-Locke m. an early diastolic m., like that of aortic insufficiency, heard best at the left lower sternal border in severe anemia.
cardiac m. a m. produced within the heart, at one of its valvular orifices or across ventricular septal defects.
cardiopulmonary m. an innocent extracardiac m., synchronous with the heart's beat but disappearing when the breath is held, believed due to movement of air in a segment of lung compressed by the contracting heart.cardiorespiratory m;
cardiorespiratory m. cardiopulmonary m
Carey Coombs m. a blubbering apical middiastolic m. occurring in the acute stage of rheumatic mitral valvulitis and disappearing as the valvulitis subsides.Coombs m;
Cole-Cecil m. the diastolic m. of aortic insufficiency when well or predominantly heard in the left axilla.
continuous m. a m. that is heard without interruption throughout systole and into diastole.
cooing m. a m., usually of mitral regurgitation, of very high pitch resembling the cooing of a pigeon or a dove.
Coombs m. Carey Coombs m
crescendo m. a m. that increases in intensity and suddenly ceases; the presystolic m. of mitral stenosis is a common example.
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten m. a venous m. heard over collateral veins, connecting portal and caval venous systems, on the abdominal wall. See also Cruveilhier-Baumgarten sign.
diamond-shaped m. a crescendo-decrescendo m., from the shape of the frequency intensity curve of the phonocardiogram, often audible as such.
diastolic m. (DM) a m. heard during diastole.
Duroziez' m. a two-phase m. over peripheral arteries, especially the femoral artery, due to rapid ebb and flow of blood during aortic insufficiency.Duroziez' sign;
dynamic m. a heart m. due to anemia or to any cause other than a valvular lesion.
early diastolic m. a m. that begins with the second heart sound, as the m. of aortic insufficiency.
ejection m. a diamond-shaped systolic m. produced by the ejection of blood into the aorta or pulmonary artery and ending by the time of the second heart sound component produced, respectively, by closing of the aortic or pulmonic valve.
endocardial m. a m. arising, from any cause, within the heart.
extracardiac m. a bruit heard over or near the precordium originating from structures other than the heart; the term includes pericardial friction rubs and cardiopulmonary m.'s.
Flint's m. a diastolic m., similar to that of mitral stenosis, heard best at the cardiac apex in some cases of free aortic insufficiency; it is thought to be caused by the turbulent regurgitating stream from the aorta mixing into the stream simultaneously entering from the left atrium through the mitral valve, causing posterior movement of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve with transient acceleration of blood flow through the mitral valve.Austin Flint m;
Fräntzel's m. m. of mitral stenosis when louder at its beginning and end than in its midportion.
friction m. friction sound
functional m. a cardiac m. not associated with a significant heart lesion.innocent m., inorganic m;
Gibson m. the typical continuous "machinery-like" m. of patent ductus arteriosus.
Graham Steell's m. an early diastolic m. of pulmonic insufficiency secondary to pulmonary hypertension, as in mitral stenosis and various congenital defects associated with pulmonary hypertension.Steell's m;
Hamman's m. a crunching precordial sound synchronous with the heart beat; heard in mediastinal emphysema.
hemic m. a cardiac or vascular m. heard in anemic persons who have no valvular lesion, probably due to the increased blood velocity and turbulence that characterizes anemia.
Hodgkin-Key m. a musical diastolic m. associated with retroversion of an aortic cusp; often very loud.
holosystolic m. pansystolic m
hourglass m. one in which there are two areas of maximum loudness decreasing to a point midway between the two.
innocent m. functional m
inorganic m. functional m
late apical systolic m. a m. previously considered benign, or even extracardiac, with a possible relationship to pericardial disease; it often represents mitral insufficiency, often localized and of moderate severity but with propensity for developing bacterial endocarditis, and is frequently associated with systolic click and mitral prolapse (Barlow syndrome; a balloon or billowing mitral valve leaflet) often producing a click, murmur, or both, as it prolapses during systole into the left atrium.
late diastolic m. presystolic m
machinery m. the long "continuous" rumbling m. of patent ductus arteriosus.
middiastolic m. a m. beginning after the A-V valves have opened in diastole, i.e., an appreciable time after the second heart sound, as the m. of mitral stenosis.
mill wheel m. churning cardiac m. produced by air embolism to the heart; also heard in pneumohydropericardium.water wheel m;
mitral m. a m. produced at the mitral valve, either obstructive or regurgitant.
musical m. a cardiac or vascular m. having a high-pitched musical character.
nun's m. venous hum
obstructive m. a m. caused by narrowing of one of the valvular orifices.
organic m. a m. caused by an organic lesion.
pansystolic m. a m. occupying the entire systolic interval, from first to second heart sounds.holosystolic m;
pericardial m. a friction sound, synchronous with the heart movements, heard in certain cases of pericarditis.
pleuropericardial m. a pleural friction sound over the pericardial region, synchronous with the heart's action, and simulating a pericardial m. (rub).
presystolic m. a m. heard at the end of ventricular diastole (during atrial systole if in sinus rhythm), usually due to obstruction at one of the atrioventricular orifices.atriosystolic m., late diastolic m;
pulmonary m. , pulmonic m. a m. produced at the pulmonary orifice of the heart, either obstructive or regurgitant.
regurgitant m. a m. due to leakage or backward flow at one of the valvular orifices of the heart.
respiratory m. vesicular respiration
Roger's m. a loud pansystolic m. maximal at the left sternal border, caused by a small ventricular septal defect.bruit de Roger, Roger's bruit;
sea gull m. a m. imitating the cooing sound of a seagull nearly always due to aortic stenosis or mitral regurgitation.
seesaw m. to-and-fro m
Steell's m. Graham Steell's m
stenosal m. an arterial m. due to narrowing of the vessel from pressure or organic change.
Still's m. an innocent musical m. resembling the noise produced by a twanging string; almost exclusively in young children, of uncertain origin and ultimately disappearing.
systolic m. a m. heard during ventricular systole.
to-and-fro m. m. heard in both systole and diastole of the heart, as in aortic stenosis and insufficiency.seesaw m;
tricuspid m. a m. produced at the tricuspid orifice, either obstructive or regurgitant.
vascular m. a m. originating in a blood vessel.
venous m. a m. heard over a vein.
vesicular m. vesicular respiration
water wheel m. mill wheel m

muromonab-CD3 muromonab-CD3 (myu-ro-mo´nab)

A murine monoclonal antibody to the T3 (CD3) antigen of human T lymphocytes, used as an immunosuppressant in the treatment of acute allograft rejection following renal transplantation.

Murphy Murphy

John B., U.S. surgeon, 1857-1916. See M. drip; M.'s button, percussion.

murrina murrina (mu-re´na)

A disease of horses, mules, and burros in Panama caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma evansi and characterized by emaciation, weakness, anemia, edema, ecchymotic conjunctivitis, fever, and paralysis of the hind legs. [Fr. morine; Sp. morriña, cattle plague, prob. fr. L. morior, to die]

Mus Mus (mus)

A genus of the family Muridae that includes about 16 species of mice; domesticated strains are numerous and genetically well defined, the most popular being the albino and piebald strains. [L. mus (mur-), a mouse]

Musca Musca (mus´ka)

A genus of flies (family Muscidae, order Diptera) that includes the common housefly, M. domestica, a species universally associated with humans, particularly under unsanitary conditions; it breeds in filth and organic waste, and is involved in the mechanical transfer of numerous pathogens. [L. fly]

muscae volitantes muscae volitantes (mus´se, mus´ke vol-i-tan´tes)

Floaters;appearance of moving spots before the eyes, arising from remnants of the embryologic hyaloid vascular system in the vitreous humor. [L. pl. of musca, fly; pres. ppl. of volito, to fly to and fro]

muscarine muscarine (mus´ka-ren, -rin)

A toxin with neurologic effects, first isolated from Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) and also present in some species of Hebeloma and Inocybe. The quaternary trimethylammonium salt of 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-5-(aminomethyl)tetrahydrofuran, it is a cholinergic substance whose pharmacologic effects resemble those of acetylcholine and postganglionic parasympathetic stimulation (cardiac inhibition, vasodilation, salivation, lacrimation, bronchoconstriction, gastrointestinal stimulation).

muscarinic muscarinic (mus-ka-rin´ik)

1. Having a muscarine-like action, i.e., producing effects that resemble postganglionic parasympathetic stimulation. 2. An agent that stimulates the postganglionic parasympathetic receptor. See also muscarine, nicotinic.

muscarinism muscarinism (mus´ka-rin-izm)

mycetism

Musci Musci (mus´sI)

The class of plants that includes the mosses. [L. pl. of muscus, moss]

muscicide muscicide (mus´i-sId)

An agent destructive to flies. [L. musca, fly, + caedo, to kill]

Muscidae Muscidae (mus´i-de)

The family of flies (order Diptera) that includes the houseflies (Musca) and stable flies (Stomoxys). [L. musca, fly]

muscimol muscimol (mus-I-mol)

An alkaloid extracted from the poison mushroom Amanita muscaria. It selectively stimulates receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA); used as a molecular probe to study GABA receptors.

muscimol muscimol (mus´se-mol)

5-(Aminomethyl)-3(2H)-isoxazolone;pharmacologically very potent CNS depressant and agonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid; isolated from Amanita sp. (esp. fly agaric); inhibits motor function and can lead to psychosis.

muscle muscle (mus´el)

A primary tissue, consisting predominantly of highly specialized contractile cells, which may be classified as skeletal m., cardiac m., or smooth m.; microscopically, the latter is lacking in transverse striations characteristic of the other two types; one of the contractile organs of the body by which movements of the various organs and parts are effected; typical m. is a mass of m. fibers (venter or belly), attached at each extremity, by means of a tendon, to a bone or other structure; the more proximal or more fixed attachment is called the origin, the more distal or more movable attachment is the insertion; the narrowing part of the belly that is attached to the tendon of origin is called the caput or head.For gross anatomical description, see musculusmusculus [NA]; [L. musculus]
m.'s of abdomen m.'s forming the wall of the abdomen including rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique m.'s, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis.musculi abdominis [NA];
abdominal external oblique m. external oblique m
abdominal internal oblique m. internal oblique m
abductor digiti minimi m. of foot origin, lateral and medial processes of calcanean tuberosity; insertion, lateral side of proximal phalanx of fifth toe; action, abducts and flexes little toe; nerve supply, lateral plantar nerve.musculus abductor digiti minimi pedis [NA], abductor m. of little toe, musculus abductor digiti quinti (2);
abductor digiti minimi m. of hand origin, pisiform bone and pisohamate ligament; insertion, medial side of base of proximal phalanx of the little finger; action, abducts and flexes little finger; nerve supply, ulnar.musculus abductor digiti minimi manus [NA], abductor m. of little finger, musculus abductor digiti quinti (1);
abductor m. of great toe abductor hallucis m
abductor hallucis m. origin, medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis; insertion, medial side of proximal phalanx of great toe; action, abducts great toe; nerve supply, medial plantar.musculus abductor hallucis [NA], abductor m. of great toe;
abductor m. of little finger abductor digiti minimi m. of hand
abductor m. of little toe abductor digiti minimi m. of foot
abductor pollicis brevis m. origin, tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum; insertion, lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb; action, abducts thumb; nerve supply, median.musculus abductor pollicis brevis [NA], short abductor m. of thumb;
abductor pollicis longus m. origin, interosseous membrane and posterior surfaces of radius and ulna; insertion, lateral side of base of first metacarpal bone; action, abducts and assists in extending thumb; nerve supply, radial.musculus abductor pollicis longus [NA], long abductor m. of thumb, musculus extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis;
accessory flexor m. of foot quadratus plantae m
adductor brevis m. origin, superior ramus of pubis; insertion, upper third of medial lip of linea aspera; action, adducts thigh; nerve supply, obturator.musculus adductor brevis [NA], short adductor m;
adductor m. of great toe adductor hallucis m
adductor hallucis m. origin, by two heads, the transverse head from the capsules of the lateral four metatarsophalangeal joints and the oblique head from the lateral cuneiform and bases of the third and fourth metatarsal bones; insertion, lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe; action, adducts great toe; nerve supply, lateral plantar.musculus adductor hallucis [NA], adductor m. of great toe;
adductor longus m. origin, symphysis and crest of pubis; insertion, middle third of medial lip of linea aspera; action, adducts thigh; nerve supply, obturator.musculus adductor longus [NA], long adductor m;
adductor magnus m. origin, ischial tuberosity and ischiopubic ramus; insertion, linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur; action, adducts and extends thigh; nerve supply, obturator and sciatic.musculus adductor magnus [NA], great adductor m;
adductor minimus m. a small flat m. constituting the upper portion of the adductor magnus, insertion, the space above linea aspera.musculus adductor minimus;
adductor pollicis m. origin, by two heads, the transverse head from the shaft of the third metacarpal and the oblique head from the front of the base of the second metacarpal, the trapezoid and capitate bones; insertion, medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb; action, adducts thumb; nerve supply, ulnar.musculus adductor pollicis [NA], adductor m. of thumb;
adductor m. of thumb adductor pollicis m
Aeby's m. cutaneomucous m
Albinus' m. 1. risorius m 2. scalenus minimus m
anconeus m. origin, back of lateral condyle of humerus; insertion, olecranon process and posterior surface of ulna; action, extends forearm and abducts ulna in pronation of wrist; nerve supply, radial.musculus anconeus [NA], anconeus;
antagonistic m.'s those having an opposite function, the contraction of one having the potential, in theory, to "neutralize" that of the other.
anterior auricular m. origin, galea aponeurotica; insertion, cartilage of auricle; action, draws pinna of ear upward and forward; nerve supply, facial. Considered by some to be the anterior part of the temporoparietal m.musculus auricularis anterior [NA], musculus attrahens aurem, musculus attrahens auriculam, zygomaticoauricularis;
anterior cervical intertransversarii m.'s origin, anterior tubercle of cervical transverse process; insertion, anterior tubercle of next superior transverse process; action, abducts cervical vertebrae; nerve supply, ventral branch of cervical nerves.musculi intertransversarii anteriores cervicis [NA], anterior cervical intertransverse m.'s;
anterior cervical intertransverse m.'s anterior cervical intertransversarii m.'s
anterior rectus m. of head rectus capitis anterior m
anterior scalene m. scalenus anterior m
anterior serratus m. serratus anterior m
anterior tibial m. tibialis anterior m
antigravity m.'s the m.'s that maintain the posture characteristic of a given animal species. In most mammals they are the extensor m.'s.
antitragicus m. a band of transverse muscular fibers on the outer surface of the antitragus, arising from the border of the intertragic notch and inserted into the anthelix and cauda helicis.musculus antitragicus [NA], m. of antitragus;
m. of antitragus antitragicus m
appendicular m. one of the skeletal m.'s of the limbs.
arrector pili m.'s bundles of smooth m. fibers, attached to the deep part of the hair follicles, passing outward alongside the sebaceous glands to the papillary layer of the corium; they act to pull the hairs erect, causing "goose bumps" or "goose flesh" (cutis anserina).musculi arrectores pilorum [NA], arrectores pilorum, erector m.'s of hairs;
articular m. a m. that inserts directly onto the capsule of a joint, acting to retract the capsule in certain movements.musculus articularis [NA];
articular m. of elbow articularis cubiti m
articularis cubiti m. the name applied to a small slip of the medial head of the triceps that inserts into the capsule of the elbow joint.musculus articularis cubiti [NA], articular m. of elbow, subanconeus m;
articularis genu m. origin, lower fourth of anterior surface of shaft of femur; insertion, suprapatellar bursa of knee joint; action, retracts suprapatellar bursa, during extension of knee; nerve supply, femoral.musculus articularis genus [NA], articular m. of knee, Dupré's m., subcrural m., subcruralis, subcrureus, subquadricipital m;
articular m. of knee articularis genu m
aryepiglottic m. the fibers of the oblique arytenoid m. that extend from the summit of the arytenoid cartilage to the side of the epiglottis; action, constricts the laryngeal aperture.musculus aryepiglotticus [NA];
m.'s of auditory ossicles the m. stapedius and m. tensor tympani.musculi ossiculorum auditus [NA];
axial m. one of the skeletal m.'s of the trunk or head.
axillary arch m. pectorodorsalis mLanger's arch, Langer's m;
m.'s of the back the m.'s of the back in general, including those attaching the shoulder girdle to the trunk posteriorly, the posterior serratus m.'s, and the erector spinae.musculi dorsi [NA], dorsal m.'s;
Bell's m. a band of muscular fibers, forming a slight fold in the wall of the bladder, running from the uvula to the opening of the ureter on either side, bounding the trigonum.
biceps m. of arm biceps brachii m
biceps brachii m. origin, long head from supraglenoidal tuberosity of scapula, short head from coracoid process; insertion, tuberosity of radius; action, flexes and supinates forearm (it is the primary supinator of the forearm); nerve supply, musculocutaneous.musculus biceps brachii [NA], biceps m. of arm;
biceps femoris m. origin, long head (caput longum) from tuberosity of ischium, short head (caput breve) from lower half of lateral lip of linea aspera; insertion, head of fibula; action, flexes knee and rotates leg laterally; nerve supply, long head, tibial, short head, peroneal.musculus biceps femoris [NA], biceps m. of thigh, musculus biceps flexor cruris;
biceps m. of thigh biceps femoris m
bipennate m. a muscle with a central tendon toward which the fibers converge on either side like the barbs of a feather.musculus bipennatus [NA];
Bochdalek's m. musculus triticeoglossus
Bovero's m. cutaneomucous m
Bowman's m. ciliary m
brachial m. brachialis m
brachialis m. origin, lower two-thirds of anterior surface of humerus; insertion, coronoid process of ulna; action, flexes elbow; nerve supply, musculocutaneous, usually with a minor contribution from the radial.musculus brachialis [NA], brachial m;
brachiocephalic m. musculus brachiocephalicus
brachioradial m. brachioradialis m
brachioradialis m. origin, lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus; insertion, front of base of styloid process of radius; action, flexes elbow and assists slightly in supination; nerve supply, (common) radial.musculus brachioradialis [NA], brachioradial m;
branchiomeric m.'s the m.'s derived from branchial arch mesoderm that provide a large portion of the musculature for the face and neck.
Braune's m. puborectalis m
broadest m. of back latissimus dorsi m
bronchoesophageal m. muscular fascicles, arising from the wall of the left bronchus, which reinforce the musculature of the esophagus.musculus bronchoesophageus [NA];
Brücke's m. the part of the ciliary m. formed by the meridional fibers.Crampton's m;
buccinator m. origin, posterior portion of alveolar portion of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe; insertion, orbicularis oris at angle of mouth; action, flattens cheek, retracts angle of mouth; nerve supply, facial. Plays an important role in mastication, working with tongue to keep food between teeth; when it is paralyzed, food accumulates in the oral vestibule.musculus buccinator [NA], cheek m;
bulbocavernosus m. in the male: origin, the perineal membrane fascia on the dorsum of the bulb of the penis; insertion, central tendon of the perineum and the median raphe on the free surface of the bulb; action, constricts bulbous urethra when attempting to expel last drops following urination, or spasmodically with ejaculation to expel semen. In the female: origin, the dorsum of the clitoris, the corpus cavernosum, and the perineal membrane; insertion, central tendon of the perineum; action, acts as a weak sphincter of the vagina; when developed, is a part of "cross-member musculature" of pelvic floor which resists prolapse of pelvic viscera. Nerve supply, pudendal (deep perineal branch).musculus bulbospongiosus [NA], musculus bulbocavernosus, musculus ejaculator seminis, musculus sphincter vaginae (1), sphincter vaginae (1);
cardiac m. the m. comprising the myocardium, consisting of anastomosing transversely striated m. fibers formed of cells united at intercalated disks; the one or two nuclei of each cell are centrally located and the longitudinally arranged myofibrils have considerable sarcoplasm around them; connective tissue is limited to reticular and fine collagenous fibers.m. of heart;
Casser's perforated m. coracobrachialis m
ceratocricoid m. a fasciculus from the posterior cricoarytenoid m. inserted into the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage.musculus ceratocricoideus [NA], Merkel's m;
cervical iliocostal m. iliocostalis cervicis m
cervical interspinal m. cervical interspinales m.'s
cervical interspinales m.'s origin, tubercle of spinous process of cervical vertebra; insertion, tubercle of spinous process of next superior vertebra; action, extends the neck; nerve supply, dorsal rami of cervical nerves.musculus interspinalis cervicis [NA], cervical interspinal m;
cervical longissimus m. longissimus cervicis m
cervical rotator m.'s rotatores cervicis m.'s
cheek m. buccinator m
chin m. mentalis m
chondroglossus m. muscular fibers from lesser horn of hyoid bone occasionally separated from the hyoglossus, but usually forming part of it.musculus chondroglossus [NA], ceratoglossus, keratoglossus;
ciliary m. the smooth m. of the ciliary body; it consists of circular fibers (Müller's m.) and radiating fibers (meridional fibers, or Brücke's m.); action, in contracting, its diameter is reduced (like a sphincter), reducing tensile (stretching) forces on lens, allowing it to thicken for near vision (accommodation).musculus ciliaris [NA], Bowman's m., ciliary ligament;
coccygeal m. coccygeus m
coccygeus m. origin, spine of ischium and sacrospinous ligament; insertion, sides of lower part of sacrum and upper part of coccyx; action, assists in support of pelvic floor, especially when intra-abdominal pressures increase; nerve supply, third and fourth sacral.musculus coccygeus [NA], coccygeal m., musculus ischiococcygeus;
m.'s of coccyx the m.'s of the coccyx considered as a group, including the musculus coccygeus and the inconstant ventral and dorsal sacrococcygeal m.'s.musculi coccygei [NA];
Coiter's m. corrugator supercilii m
compressor m. of lips cutaneomucous m
coracobrachial m. coracobrachialis m
coracobrachialis m. origin, coracoid process of scapula; insertion, middle of medial border of humerus; action, adducts and flexes the arm; resists downward dislocation of shoulder joint; nerve supply, musculocutaneous.musculus coracobrachialis [NA], Casser's perforated m., coracobrachial m;
corrugator m. corrugator supercilii m
corrugator cutis m. of anus smooth muscle fibers radiating from the anal opening superficial to the external sphincter.musculus corrugator cutis ani;
corrugator supercilii m. origin, from orbital portion of m. orbicularis oculi and nasal prominence; insertion, skin of eyebrow; action, draws medial end of eyebrow downward and wrinkles forehead vertically; nerve supply, facial.musculus corrugator supercilii [NA], Coiter's m., corrugator m., wrinkler m. of eyebrow;
cowl m. trapezius m
Crampton's m. Brücke's m
cremaster m. origin, from internal oblique m. and inguinal ligament; insertion, cremasteric fascia (spermatic cord); action, raises testicle; nerve supply, genital branch of genitofemoral; in the male the muscle envelops the spermatic cord and testis, in the female, the round ligament of the uterus.musculus cremaster [NA], Riolan's m. (2);
cricopharyngeus m. inferior constrictor m. of pharynxsuperior esophageal sphincter;
cricothyroid m. origin, anterior surface of arch of cricoid; insertion, the anterior or straight part passes upward to ala of thyroid; the posterior or oblique part passes more outward to inferior horn of thyroid; action, makes vocal folds tense increasing the pitch of voice tone; nerve supply, external laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve (from vagus).musculus cricothyroideus [NA];
cruciate m. a general type of m. in which the m.'s or bundles of m. fibers cross in an X-shaped configuration; e.g., the oblique arytenoid m.'s.musculus cruciatus [NA];
cutaneomucous m. the "sucking m.," a labial m. formed by sagittal fibers running from the skin to the mucous membrane.Aeby's m., Bovero's m., compressor m. of lips, Klein's m., Krause's m., mucocutaneous m., musculus cutaneomucosus;
cutaneous m. a m. that lies in the subcutaneous tissue and attaches to the skin; it may or may not have a bony attachment. The m.'s of expression are the chief examples of cutaneous m.'s in the human.musculus cutaneus [NA];
dartos m. dartos fascia
deep m.'s of back m.'s of the back innervated by the dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves; includes erector spinae, transversospinalis, interspinal, and intertransverse m.'s; excludes the superficial back m.'s which are appendicular and are innervated by ventral rami, and the trapezius, innervated by the spinal accessory nerve.true m.'s of back;
deep flexor m. of fingers flexor digitorum profundus m
deep transverse perineal m. origin, ramus of ischium; insertion, with its fellow in a median raphe; action, assists sphincter urethrae with some sphincteric action on vagina in female; nerve supply, pudendal (dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris).musculus transversus perinei profundus [NA], deep transverse m. of perineum, musculus sphincter vaginae (2), sphincter vaginae (2);
deep transverse m. of perineum deep transverse perineal m
deltoid m. origin, lateral third of clavicle, lateral border of acromion process, lower border of spine of scapula; insertion, lateral side of shaft of humerus a little above its middle (deltoid tuberosity); action, abduction, flexion, extension, and rotation of arm; nerve supply, axillary from fifth and sixth cervical spinal cord segments through brachial plexus.musculus deltoideus [NA], deltoid (2);
depressor anguli oris m. origin, lower border of mandible anteriorly; insertion, blends with other m.'s in lower lip near angle of mouth; action, pulls down corners of mouth; nerve supply, facial.musculus depressor anguli oris [NA], musculus triangularis labii inferioris, musculus triangularis (2), triangular m. (2);
depressor m. of epiglottis thyroepiglottic m
depressor m. of eyebrow depressor supercilii m
depressor labii inferioris m. origin, anterior portion of lower border of mandible; insertion, orbicularis oris m. and skin of lower lip; action, depresses lower lip; nerve supply, facial.musculus depressor labii inferioris [NA], depressor m. of lower lip, musculus quadratus labii inferioris, musculus quadratus menti;
depressor m. of lower lip depressor labii inferioris m
depressor septi m. a vertical fasciculus from the orbicularis oris m. passing upward along the median line of the upper lip, and inserted into the cartilaginous septum of the nose; action, depresses septum; nerve supply, facial.musculus depressor septi [NA], depressor m. of septum;
depressor m. of septum depressor septi m
depressor supercilii m. fibers of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi m. insert in the eyebrow; action, depresses eyebrow; nerve supply, facial.musculus depressor supercilii [NA], depressor m. of eyebrow;
detrusor m. of urinary bladder the muscular coat of the bladder.musculus detrusor urinae;
digastric m. 1. one of the suprahyoid group of m.'s consisting of two bellies united by a central tendon which is connected to the body of the hyoid bone; origin, by posterior belly from the digastric groove medial to the mastoid process; insertion, by anterior belly into lower border of mandible near midline; action, elevates the hyoid when mandible is fixed; depresses the mandible when hyoid is fixed; nerve supply, posterior belly from facial, anterior belly by nerve to the mylohyoid from the mandibular division of trigeminal; 2. a m. with two fleshy bellies separated by a fibrous insertion;musculus digastricus [NA], biventer mandibulae, musculus biventer mandibulae, two-bellied m;
dilator m. a m. which opens an orifice or dilates the lumen of an organ; it is the dilating or opening component of a pylorus (the other component is the sphincter m.).musculus dilatator, musculus dilator;
dilator m. of ileocecal sphincter the longitudinal muscular fibers that open the ileal orifice at the level of the cecocolic junction.musculus dilator pylori ilealis;
dilator pupillae m. the radial muscular fibers extending from the sphincter pupillae to the ciliary margin; some anatomists regard them as elastic, not muscular, in humans.musculus dilator pupillae [NA], dilator iridis, dilator of pupil, musculus dilator iridis;
dilator m. of pylorus the longitudinal muscular fibers that open the gastroduodenal junction.musculus dilator pylori gastroduodenalis;
dorsal m.'s m.'s of the back
dorsal interosseous m.'s of foot four muscles in the foot; origin, from sides of adjacent metatarsal bones; insertion, first into medial, second into lateral side of proximal phalanx of second toe, third and fourth into lateral side of proximal phalanx of third and fourth toes; action, abduct toes 2-4 from an axis through the second toe; nerve supply, lateral plantar.musculi interossei dorsalis pedis [NA];
dorsal interosseous m.'s of hand four muscles in the hand; origin, sides of adjacent metacarpal bones; insertion, proximal phalanges and extensor expansion, first on radial side of index, second on radial side of middle finger, third on ulnar side of middle finger, fourth on ulnar side of ring finger; action, abduct fingers 2-4 from the axis of the middle finger, nerve supply, ulnar.musculi interossei dorsalis manus [NA];
dorsal sacrococcygeal m. dorsal sacrococcygeus m
dorsal sacrococcygeus m. an inconstant and poorly developed muscle on the dorsal surfaces of the sacrum and coccyx, the remains of a portion of the tail musculature of lower animals.musculus sacrococcygeus dorsalis [NA], dorsal sacrococcygeal m., musculus extensor coccygis, musculus sacrococcygeus posterior;
Dupré's m. articularis genu m
Duverney's m. lacrimal part of orbicularis oculi muscle See orbicularis oculi m.
elevator m. of anus levator ani m
elevator m. of prostate levator prostatae m
elevator m. of rib levatores costarum m.'s
elevator m. of scapula levator scapulae m
elevator m. of soft palate levator veli palatini m
elevator m. of thyroid gland levator m. of thyroid gland
elevator m. of upper eyelid levator palpebrae superioris m
elevator m. of upper lip levator labii superioris m
elevator m. of upper lip and wing of nose levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m
epicranial m. epicranius m
epicranius m. composed of the epicranial aponeurosis and the m.'s inserting into it, i.e., the occipitofrontalis m. and temporoparietalis m.musculus epicranius [NA], epicranial m., scalp m;
erector m.'s of hairs arrector pili m.'s
erector spinae m.'s origin, from sacrum, ilium, and spines of lumbar vertebrae; it divides into three columns, iliocostalis m., longissimus m., and spinalis m., which insert into ribs and vertebrae with additional muscle slips joining the columns at successively higher levels; action, extends vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves.musculus erector spinae [NA], erector m. of spine, musculus sacrospinalis;
erector m. of spine erector spinae m.'s
extensor carpi radialis brevis m. origin, lateral epicondyle of humerus; insertion, base of third metacarpal bone; action, extends and abducts wrist radialward; nerve supply, radial.musculus extensor carpi radialis brevis [NA], short radial extensor m. of wrist;
extensor carpi radialis longus m. origin, lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus; insertion, back of base of second metacarpal bone; action, extends and deviates wrist radialward; nerve supply, radial.musculus extensor carpi radialis longus [NA], long radial extensor m. of wrist;
extensor carpi ulnaris m. origin, lateral epicondyle of humerus (humeral head) and oblique line and posterior border of ulna (ulnar head); insertion, base of fifth metacarpal bone; action, extends and abducts wrist ulnarward; nerve supply, radial (posterior interosseous).musculus extensor carpi ulnaris [NA], ulnar extensor m. of wrist;
extensor digiti minimi m. origin, lateral epicondyle of humerus; insertion, dorsum of proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of little finger; action, extends fingers; nerve supply, radial (posterior interosseous).musculus extensor digiti minimi [NA], extensor m. of little finger, musculus extensor digiti quinti proprius, musculus extensor minimi digiti;
extensor digitorum m. origin, lateral epicondyle of humerus; insertion, by four tendons into the base of the proximal and middle and base of the distal phalanges; action, extends fingers; nerve supply, radial (posterior interosseous).musculus extensor digitorum [NA], extensor m. of fingers, musculus extensor digitorum communis;
extensor digitorum brevis m. origin, dorsal surface of calcaneus; insertion, by four tendons fusing with those of the extensor digitorum longus, and by a slip attached independently to the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe; action, extends toes; nerve supply, deep peroneal.musculus extensor digitorum brevis [NA], musculus extensor brevis digitorum, short extensor m. of toes;
extensor digitorum brevis m. of hand a short extensor muscle of the fingers of rare occurrence, and comparable to the short extensor of the toes.musculus extensor digitorum brevis manus, Pozzi's m;
extensor digitorum longus m. origin, lateral condyle of tibia, upper two-thirds of anterior margin of fibula; insertion, by four tendons to the dorsal surfaces of the bases of the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of the second to fifth toes; action, extends the four lateral toes; nerve supply, deep branch of peroneal.musculus extensor digitorum longus [NA], long extensor m. of toes, musculus extensor longus digitorum;
extensor m. of fingers extensor digitorum m
extensor hallucis brevis m. the medial belly of extensor digitorum brevis m., the tendon of which is inserted into the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe.musculus extensor hallucis brevis [NA], short extensor m. of great toe;
extensor hallucis longus m. origin, lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane; insertion, base of distal phalanx of great toe; action, extends the great toe; nerve supply, anterior tibial.musculus extensor hallucis longus [NA], long extensor m. of great toe;
extensor indicis m. origin, dorsal surface of ulna; insertion, dorsal extensor aponeurosis of index finger; action, assists in extending the forefinger; nerve supply, radial.musculus extensor indicis [NA], index extensor m., musculus extensor indicis proprius;
extensor m. of little finger extensor digiti minimi m
extensor pollicis brevis m. origin, dorsal surface of radius; insertion, base of proximal phalanx of thumb; action, extends and abducts the thumb; nerve supply, radial.musculus extensor pollicis brevis [NA], musculus extensor brevis pollicis, short extensor m. of thumb;
extensor pollicis longus m. origin, posterior surface of ulna; insertion, base of distal phalanx of thumb; action, extends distal phalanx of thumb; nerve supply, radial.musculus extensor pollicis longus [NA], long extensor m. of thumb, musculus extensor longus pollicis;
external intercostal m.'s each arises from lower border of one rib and pass obliquely downward and forward to be inserted into the upper border of rib below; action, contract during inspiration, also maintain tension in the intercostal spaces to resist mediolateral movement; nerve supply, intercostal.musculus intercostales externi [NA];
external oblique m. origin, fifth to twelfth ribs; insertion, anterior half of lateral lip of iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and anterior layer of the rectus sheath; action, diminishes capacity of abdomen, draws thorax downward; nerve supply, thoracoabdominal nerves.musculus obliquus externus abdominis [NA], abdominal external oblique m;
external obturator m. obturator externus m
external pterygoid m. lateral pterygoid m
external sphincter m. of anus external anal sphincter
extraocular m.'s the m.'s within the orbit including the four rectus muscles (superior, inferior, medial and lateral); two oblique muscles (superior and inferior), and the levator of the superior eyelid (levator palpebrae superioris).musculi bulbi [NA], m.'s of eyeball, ocular m.'s;
extrinsic m.'s m.'s arising outside of, but which act upon, the structure under consideration. For example, the m.'s operating the hand but having fleshy bellies located in the forearm.
m.'s of eyeball extraocular m.'s
facial m.'s m.'s of facial expression
m.'s of facial expression the numerous m.'s supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. Nomina Anatomica also includes the buccinator m. in this group; even though it functions primarily in mastication.musculi faciales [NA], facial m.'s, mimetic m.'s;
femoral m. vastus intermedius m
fixator m. a m. that acts as a stabilizer of one part of the body during movement of another part.
flexor carpi radialis m. origin, common flexor origin of the medial condyle of humerus; insertion, anterior surface of the base of the second and most often sending a slip to that of the third metacarpal bone; action, flexes and abducts wrist radialward; nerve supply, median; its tendon travels in its own canal roofed by a layer of the transverse carpal ligament.musculus flexor carpi radialis [NA], radial flexor m. of wrist;
flexor carpi ulnaris m. origin, humeral head from medial condyle of humerus, ulnar head from olecranon and upper three-fifths of posterior border of ulna; insertion, pisiform bone, but is continued to the fifth metacarpal bone via the pisometacarpal ligament; action, flexes and abducts wrist ulnarward; nerve supply, ulnar.musculus flexor carpi ulnaris [NA], ulnar flexor m. of wrist;
flexor digiti minimi brevis m. of foot origin, base of metatarsal bone of the little toe and sheath of m. peroneus longus; insertion, lateral surface of base of proximal phalanx of little toe; action, flexes the proximal phalanx of the little toe; nerve supply, lateral plantar.musculus flexor digiti minimi brevis pedis [NA], short flexor m. of little toe;
flexor digiti minimi brevis m. of hand origin, hamulus of hamate bone; insertion, medial side of proximal phalanx of little finger; action, flexes proximal phalanx of little finger; nerve supply, ulnar.musculus flexor digiti minimi brevis manus [NA], short flexor m. of little finger;
flexor digitorum brevis m. origin, medial tubercle of calcaneus and central portion of plantar fascia; insertion, middle phalanges of four lateral toes by tendons perforated by those of the flexor longus; action, flexes lateral four toes; nerve supply, medial plantar.musculus flexor digitorum brevis [NA], musculus flexor brevis digitorum, short flexor m. of toes;
flexor digitorum longus m. origin, middle third of posterior surface of tibia; insertion, by four tendons, perforating those of the flexor brevis, into bases of distal phalanges of four lateral toes; action, flexes second to fifth toes; nerve supply, tibial nerve.musculus flexor digitorum longus [NA], long flexor m. of toes, musculus flexor longus digitorum;
flexor digitorum profundus m. origin, anterior surface of upper third of ulna; insertion, by four tendons, piercing those of the superficialis, into base of distal phalanx of each finger; action, flexes distal interphalangeal joint of fingers; nerve supply, ulnar and median (anterior interosseous muscle).musculus flexor digitorum profundus [NA], deep flexor m. of fingers, musculus flexor profundus;
flexor digitorum superficialis m. origin, humeroulnar head from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, the medial border of the coronoid process, and a tendinous arch between these points, radial head from the oblique line and middle third of the lateral border of the radius; insertion, by four split tendons, passing to either side of the profundus tendons, into sides of middle phalanx of each finger; action, flexes proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers; nerve supply, median.musculus flexor digitorum superficialis [NA], musculus flexor digitorum sublimis, musculus flexor sublimis, superficial flexor m. of fingers;
flexor hallucis brevis m. origin, medial surface of cuboid and middle and lateral cuneiform bones; insertion, by two tendons, embracing that of the flexor longus hallucis, into the sides of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe; action, flexes great toe; nerve supply, medial and lateral plantar.musculus flexor hallucis brevis [NA], musculus flexor brevis hallucis, short flexor m. of great toe;
flexor hallucis longus m. origin, lower two-thirds of posterior surface of fibula; insertion, base of distal phalanx of great toe; action, flexes great toe; nerve supply, medial plantar.musculus flexor hallucis longus [NA], long flexor m. of great toe, musculus flexor longus hallucis;
flexor pollicis brevis m. origin, superficial portion from flexor retinaculum of wrist, deep portion from ulnar side of first metacarpal bone; insertion, base of proximal phalanx of thumb; action, flexes proximal phalanx of thumb; nerve supply, median (superficial head) and deep branch of ulnar (deep head). Some authors consider the deep head to be the first in a series of four palmar interossei muscles of the hand.musculus flexor pollicis brevis [NA], short flexor m. of thumb;
flexor pollicis longus m. origin, anterior surface of middle third of radius; insertion, distal phalanx of thumb; action, flexes distal phalanx of thumb; nerve supply, median palmar interosseous.musculus flexor pollicis longus [NA], long flexor m. of thumb, musculus flexor longus pollicis;
frontalis m. frontal belly of occipitofrontalis muscle
fusiform m. one that has a fleshy belly, tapering at either extremity.musculus fusiformis [NA], spindle-shaped m;
Gantzer's m. an accessory m. extending from the superficial flexor of the digits to the deep flexor of the digits.
gastrocnemius m. origin, by two heads (lateral and medial) from the lateral and medial condyles of the femur; insertion, with soleus by tendo calcaneus into lower half of posterior surface of calcaneus; action, plantar flexion of foot; nerve supply, tibial.musculus gastrocnemius [NA], gastrocnemius;
Gavard's m. oblique fibers in the muscular coat of the stomach.
genioglossal m. genioglossus m
genioglossus m. one of the paired lingual m.'s; origin, mental spine of the mandible; insertion, lingual fascia beneath the mucous membrane and epiglottis; action, depresses and protrudes the tongue; nerve supply, hypoglossal.musculus genioglossus [NA], genioglossal m., genioglossus, musculus geniohyoglossus;
geniohyoid m. origin, mental spine of mandible; insertion, body of hyoid bone; action, draws hyoid forward, or depresses jaw when hyoid is fixed; nerve supply, fibers from ventral primary rami of first and second cervical spinal nerves accompanying hypoglossal.musculus geniohyoideus [NA], geniohyoid, geniohyoideus;
gluteus maximus m. origin, ilium behind posterior gluteal line, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament; insertion, iliotibial band of fascia lata (superficial three-quarters) and gluteal ridge (deep inferior one-quarter) of femur; action, extends thigh, especially from the flexed position, as in climbing stairs or rising from a sitting position; nerve supply, inferior gluteal.musculus gluteus maximus [NA];
gluteus medius m. origin, ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines; insertion, lateral surface of greater trochanter; action, abducts and rotates thigh; nerve supply, superior gluteal.musculus gluteus medius [NA], mesogluteus;
gluteus minimus m. origin, ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines; insertion, greater trochanter of femur; action, abducts thigh; nerve supply, superior gluteal.musculus gluteus minimus [NA];
gracilis m. origin, ramus of pubis near symphysis; insertion, shaft of tibia below medial tuberosity (see pes anserinus); action, adducts thigh, flexes knee, rotates leg medially; nerve supply, obturator.musculus gracilis [NA], gracilis (2);
great adductor m. adductor magnus m
greater pectoral m. pectoralis major m
greater posterior rectus m. of head rectus capitis posterior major m
greater psoas m. psoas major m
greater rhomboid m. rhomboideus major m
greater zygomatic m. zygomaticus major m
Guthrie's m. sphincter urethrae
hamstring m.'s the m.'s at the back of the thigh, comprising the long head of biceps, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus m.
m.'s of head the m.'s of expression, of mastication, and the suboccipital m.'s in general.musculi capitis [NA];
m. of heart cardiac m
helicis major m. a narrow band of muscular fibers on the anterior border of the helix of the auricle arising from the spine and inserted at the point where the helix becomes transverse.musculus helicis major [NA], large m. of helix;
helicis minor m. a band of oblique fibers covering the crus of the helix of the auricle.musculus helicis minor [NA], smaller m. of helix;
Horner's m. lacrimal part of orbicularis oculi muscle See orbicularis oculi m.
Houston's m. compressor venae dorsalis penis
hyoglossal m. hyoglossus m
hyoglossus m. origin, body and greater horn of hyoid bone; insertion, side of the tongue; action, retracts and pulls down side of tongue; nerve supply, motor by hypoglossal, sensory by lingual.musculus hyoglossus [NA], hyoglossal m., hyoglossus;
iliac m. iliacus m
iliacus m. origin, iliac fossa; insertion, tendon of psoas, anterior surface of lesser trochanter, and capsule of hip joint; action, flexes thigh and rotates it medially; nerve supply, lumbar plexus.musculus iliacus [NA], iliac m;
iliacus minor m. the fibers of the iliacus arising from the anterior inferior iliac spine and inserted into the iliofemoral ligament, sometimes distinctly separate from the rest of the muscle.musculus iliacus minor, musculus iliocapsularis;
iliococcygeal m. iliococcygeus m
iliococcygeus m. the posterior part of the levator ani arising from the tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle and inserting on the anococcygeal ligament and coccyx.musculus iliococcygeus [NA], iliococcygeal m;
iliocostal m. iliocostalis m
iliocostalis m. the lateral division of the erector spinae, having three subdivisions: iliocostalis lumborum m., iliocostalis thoracis m., and iliocostalis cervicis m.musculus iliocostalis [NA], iliocostal m;
iliocostalis cervicis m. origin, angles of upper six ribs; insertion, transverse processes of middle cervical vertebrae; action, extends, abducts, and rotates cervical vertebrae; nerve supply, dorsal branches of upper thoracic nerves.musculus iliocostalis cervicis [NA], cervical iliocostal m., cervicalis ascendens (1), musculus cervicalis ascendens;
iliocostalis lumborum m. origin, with erector spinae; insertion, the angles of lower six ribs; action, extends, abducts, and rotates lumbar vertebrae; nerve supply, dorsal branches of thoracic and lumbar nerves.musculus iliocostalis lumborum [NA], lumbar iliocostal m., musculus sacrolumbalis;
iliocostalis thoracis m. origin, medial side of angles of lower six ribs; insertion, angles of upper six ribs; action, extends, abducts, and rotates thoracic vertebrae; nerve supply, dorsal branches of thoracic nerves.musculus iliocostalis thoracis [NA], musculus iliocostalis dorsi;
iliopsoas m. a compound muscle, consisting of the iliacus m. and psoas major m.musculus iliopsoas [NA];
index extensor m. extensor indicis m
inferior constrictor m. of pharynx origin, outer surfaces of thyroid (thyropharyngeal part) and cricoid (cricopharyngeal part, musculus cricopharyngeus; superior or upper esophageal sphincter m.) cartilages; insertion, pharyngeal raphe in the posterior portion of wall of pharynx; action, narrows lower part of pharynx in swallowing, the cricopharyngeal part has a sphincteric function for the esophagus, allowing some voluntary control of eructation and reflux; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus.musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior [NA], cricopharyngeus m., laryngopharyngeus, musculus laryngopharyngeus;
inferior gemellus m. origin, tuberosity of ischium; insertion, tendon of m. obturator internus; action, rotates thigh laterally; nerve supply, sacral plexus.musculus gemellus inferior [NA], gemellus;
inferior lingual m. inferior longitudinal m. of tongue
inferior longitudinal m. of tongue an intrinsic m. of the tongue, cylindrical in shape, occupying the underpart on either side; action, shortens the lower part of the tongue; nerve supply, motor by hypoglossal, sensory by lingual.musculus longitudinalis inferior [NA], inferior lingual m;
inferior oblique m. origin, orbital plate of maxilla lateral to the lacrimal groove; insertion, sclera between the superior and lateral recti; action, primary, extorsion; secondary, elevation and abduction; nerve supply, oculomotor (inferior branch).musculus obliquus inferior [NA];
inferior oblique m. of head obliquus capitis inferior m
inferior posterior serratus m. serratus posterior inferior m
inferior rectus m. origin, inferior part of the common tendinous ring; insertion, inferior part of sclera of the eye; action, primary, depression; secondary, adduction and extorsion; nerve supply, oculomotor (inferior branch).musculus rectus inferior [NA];
inferior tarsal m. poorly developed smooth m. in the lower eyelid that acts to widen the palpebral fissure.musculus tarsalis inferior [NA];
infrahyoid m.'s the small, flat m.'s inferior to the hyoid bone including the sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and levator m. of the thyroid gland.musculi infrahyoidei [NA], strap m.'s;
infraspinatus m. origin, infraspinous fossa of scapula; insertion, middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus; action, extends arm and rotates it laterally; nerve supply, suprascapular (from fifth to sixth cervical spinal nerves).musculus infraspinatus [NA];
innermost intercostal m. a layer parallel to and essentially part of the internal intercostal m. but separated from it by the intercostal vessels and nerves. See also entries underinternal intercostal muscle for attachment, action and nerve supplymusculus intercostalis intimus [NA];
intermediate great m. vastus intermedius m
intermediate layer of the transversospinalis m.'s multifidus m
intermediate vastus m. vastus intermedius m
internal intercostal m. each arises from lower border of rib and passes obliquely downward and backward to be inserted into upper border of rib below; action, contract during expiration, also maintain tension in the intercostal spaces to resist mediolateral movement; nerve supply, intercostal.musculus intercostalis internus [NA];
internal oblique m. origin, iliac fascia deep to lateral part of inguinal ligament, anterior half of crest of ilium, and lumbar fascia; insertion, tenth to twelfth ribs and sheath of rectus; some of the fibers from inguinal ligament terminate in the conjoint tendon; action, diminishes capacity of abdomen, flexes lumbar vertebral column (bends thorax forward); nerve supply, lower thoracic.musculus obliquus internus abdominis [NA], abdominal internal oblique m;
internal obturator m. obturator internus m
internal pterygoid m. medial pterygoid m
internal sphincter m. of anus internal anal sphincter
interosseous m.'s m.'s which arise from and run between the long (metacarpal and metatarsal) bones of the hand and foot, extending to and producing movement of the digits. See also dorsal interosseous m.'s of foot, dorsal interosseous m.'s of hand, palmar interosseous m., plantar interosseous m.musculi interossei [NA];
interspinal m.'s interspinales m.'s
interspinales m.'s the paired m.'s between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae; subdivided into cervical, thoracic, and lumbar m.'s.musculi interspinales [NA], interspinal m.'s;
intertransverse m.'s intertransversarii m.'s
intertransversarii m.'s the paired m.'s between transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae; there are anterior and posterior m.'s in the cervical region; lateral and medial m.'s in the lumbar region; and single m.'s in the thoracic region.musculi intertransversarii [NA], intertransverse m.'s;
intrinsic m.'s m.'s fully contained (origin, belly, and insertion) within the structure under consideration. For example, the interossei and lumbrical m.'s are intrinsic m.'s of the hand.
intrinsic m.'s of foot m.'s fully contained (origin, belly, insertion) in the foot and toes. These m.'s are arranged in four layers and all are innervated by the plantar branches of the tibial nerve. Although they may be capable of producing the actions described under their individual entries, as a group the primary function of the intrinsic m.'s of the foot is to provide dynamic support of the longitudinal arch of the foot, resisting the forces which act momentarily to spread the arch during walking and running.
involuntary m.'s m.'s not ordinarily under control of the will; except in the case of the heart, they are smooth (nonstriated) m.'s, innervated by the autonomic nervous system.
ischiocavernous m. origin, ramus of ischium; insertion, corpus cavernosum penis (or clitoridis); action, compresses the crus of the penis (or clitoris) forcing blood in its sinuses into the distal part of the corpus cavernosum; nerve supply, perineal.musculus ischiocavernosus [NA], musculus erector clitoridis, musculus erector penis;
Jung's m. pyramidal auricular m
Klein's m. cutaneomucous m
Kohlrausch's m. the longitudinal m.'s of the rectal wall.
Krause's m. cutaneomucous m
Landström's m. microscopic m. fibers in the fascia behind and about the eyeball, attached anteriorly to the lids and anterior orbital fascia; its action is to draw the eyeball forward and the lids backward, resisting the pull of the four orbital m.'s.
Langer's m. axillary arch m
large m. of helix helicis major m
m.'s of larynx the intrinsic m.'s that regulate the length, position and tension of the vocal cords and adjust the size of the openings between the aryepiglottic folds, the ventricular folds and the vocal folds.musculi laryngis [NA];
lateral cricoarytenoid m. origin, upper margin of arch of cricoid cartilage; insertion, muscular process of arytenoid; action, adducts vocal folds (narrows rima glottidis); nerve supply, recurrent laryngeal.musculus cricoarytenoideus lateralis [NA];
lateral great m. vastus lateralis m
lateral lumbar intertransversarii m.'s origin, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae; insertion, next superior transverse process; action, abducts lumbar vertebrae; nerve supply, ventral branches of lumbar nerves.musculi intertransversarii laterales lumborum [NA], lateral lumbar intertransverse m.'s;
lateral lumbar intertransverse m.'s lateral lumbar intertransversarii m.'s
lateral pterygoid m. origin, inferior head from lateral lamina of pterygoid process; superior head from infratemporal crest and adjacent greater wing of the sphenoid; insertion, into pterygoid pit of mandible and articular disk; action, brings jaw forward, opens jaw; nerve supply, nerve to lateral pterygoid from mandibular division of trigeminal.musculus pterygoideus lateralis [NA], external pterygoid m., musculus pterygoideus externus;
lateral rectus m. origin, lateral part of the common tendinous ring that bridges superior orbital fissure; insertion, lateral part of sclera of eye; action, abduction; nerve supply, abducens.musculus rectus lateralis [NA], abducens oculi, musculus rectus externus;
lateral rectus m. of the head rectus capitis lateralis m
lateral vastus m. vastus lateralis m
latissimus dorsi m. origin, spinous processes of lower five or six thoracic and the lumbar vertebrae, median ridge of sacrum, and outer lip of iliac crest; insertion, with teres major into posterior lip of bicipital groove of humerus; action, adducts arm, rotates it medially, and extends it; nerve supply, thoracodorsal.musculus latissimus dorsi [NA], broadest m. of back;
lesser rhomboid m. rhomboid minor m
lesser zygomatic m. zygomaticus minor m
levator anguli oris m. origin, canine fossa of maxilla; insertion, orbicularis oris and skin at angle of mouth; action, raises angle of mouth; nerve supply, facial.musculus levator anguli oris [NA], musculus caninus, musculus triangularis labii superioris;
levator ani m. formed by pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus m.'s; origin, posterior body of pubis, tendinous arch of the levator ani, and spine of ischium; insertion, anococcygeal ligament, sides of the lower part of the sacrum and of coccyx; action, resists prolapsing forces and draws the anus upward following defecation; supports the pelvic viscera; nerve supply, nerve to levator ani (fourth sacral spinal nerve).musculus levator ani [NA], elevator m. of anus;
levatores costarum m.'s musculus levator costae [NA], elevator m. of rib, musculi levatores costarum; See long levatores costarum m.'s, short levatores costarum m.'s.
levator labii superioris m. origin, maxilla below infraorbital foramen; insertion, orbicularis oris of upper lip; action, elevates upper lip; nerve supply, facial.musculus levator labii superioris [NA], caput infraorbitale quadrati labii superioris, elevator m. of upper lip;
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m. origin, root of nasal process of maxilla; insertion, wing of nose and orbicularis oris m. of upper lip; action, elevates upper lip and wing of nose; nerve supply, facial.musculus levator labii superioris alaeque nasi [NA], caput angulare quadrati labii superioris, elevator m. of upper lip and wing of nose;
levator palati m. levator veli palatini m
levator palpebrae superioris m. origin, orbital surface of the lesser wing of the sphenoid, above and anterior to the optic canal; insertion, skin of eyelid, tarsal plate, and orbital walls, by medial and lateral expansions of the aponeurosis of insertion; action, raises the upper eyelid; nerve supply, oculomotor.musculus levator palpebrae superioris [NA], elevator m. of upper eyelid, musculus orbitopalpebralis, palpebralis;
levator prostatae m. in the male, the most medial fibers of the levator ani (pubococcygeus) m. that extend from the pubis into the fascia of the prostate.musculus levator prostatae [NA], elevator m. of prostate;
levator scapulae m. origin, from posterior tubercles of transverse processes of four upper cervical vertebrae; insertion, into superior angle of scapula; action, raises the scapula; nerve supply, dorsal scapular nerve.musculus levator scapulae [NA], elevator m. of scapula, musculus levator anguli scapulae;
levator m. of thyroid gland a fasciculus occasionally passing from the thyrohyoid m. to the isthmus of the thyroid gland.musculus levator glandulae thyroideae [NA], elevator m. of thyroid gland, Soemmerring's m;
levator veli palatini m. origin, apex of petrous portion of temporal bone and lower part of cartilaginous auditory (eustachian) tube; insertion, aponeurosis of soft palate; action, raises soft palate; through the expansion of its fleshy belly during contraction, it helps to "push" open the auditory tube; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus (cranial root of accessory nerve).musculus levator veli palatini [NA], elevator m. of soft palate, levator palati m., musculus levator palati, musculus petrostaphylinus;
long abductor m. of thumb abductor pollicis longus m
long adductor m. adductor longus m
long extensor m. of great toe extensor hallucis longus m
long extensor m. of thumb extensor pollicis longus m
long extensor m. of toes extensor digitorum longus m
long fibular m. peroneus longus m
long flexor m. of great toe flexor hallucis longus m
long flexor m. of thumb flexor pollicis longus m
long flexor m. of toes flexor digitorum longus m
long m. of head longus capitis m
longissimus m. the intermediate division of the erector spinae m. having three subdivisions: longissimus capitis m., longissimus cervicis m., and longissimus thoracis m.musculus longissimus [NA];
longissimus capitis m. origin, from transverse processes of upper thoracic and transverse and articular processes of lower and middle cervical vertebrae; insertion, into mastoid process; action, keeps head erect, draws it backward or to one side; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of cervical spinal nerves.musculus longissimus capitis [NA], musculus complexus minor, musculus trachelomastoideus, musculus transversalis capitis;
longissimus cervicis m. origin, transverse processes of upper thoracic vertebrae; insertion, transverse processes of middle and upper cervical vertebrae; action, extends cervical vertebrae; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal nerves.musculus longissimus cervicis [NA], cervical longissimus m., musculus transversalis cervicis, musculus transversalis colli;
longissimus thoracis m. origin, with iliocostalis and from transverse processes of lower thoracic vertebrae; insertion, by lateral slips into most or all of the ribs between angles and tubercles and into tips of transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae, and by medial slips into accessory processes of upper lumbar and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae; action, extends vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves.musculus longissimus thoracis [NA], musculus longissimus dorsi, thoracic longissimus m;
long levatores costarum m.'s insertion, the second rib below their origin; action, raise ribs; nerve supply, intercostal.musculi levatores costarum longi;
long m. of neck longus colli m
long palmar m. palmaris longus m
long peroneal m. peroneus longus m
long radial extensor m. of wrist extensor carpi radialis longus m
longus capitis m. origin, anterior tubercles of transverse processes of third to sixth cervical vertebrae; insertion, basilar process of occipital bone; action, twists or flexes neck anteriorly; nerve supply, cervical plexus.musculus longus capitis [NA], long m. of head, musculus rectus capitis anticus major;
longus colli m. medial part: origin, the bodies of the third thoracic to the fifth cervical vertebrae; insertion, the bodies of the second to fourth cervical vertebrae; superolateral part: origin, the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third to fifth cervical vertebrae; insertion, the anterior tubercle of the atlas; inferolateral part: origin, the bodies of the first to third thoracic vertebrae; insertion, the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae; action, for all three parts, twist neck and flex neck anteriorly; nerve supply, for all three parts, ventral primary rami of cervical spinal nerves (cervical plexus).musculus longus colli [NA], long m. of neck;
lumbar iliocostal m. iliocostalis lumborum m
lumbar interspinal m. lumbar interspinales m.'s
lumbar interspinales m.'s origin, superior margin of lumbar spinous process; insertion, inferior margin of next superior spinous process; action, extends lumbar vertebrae; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of lumbar spinal nerves.musculus interspinalis lumborum [NA], lumbar interspinal m;
lumbar quadrate m. quadratus lumborum m
lumbar rotator m.'s rotatores lumborum m.'s
lumbrical m. of foot four intrinsic m.'s of the foot; origin, first: from tibial side of tendon to second toe of flexor digitorum longus; second, third, and fourth: from adjacent sides of all four tendons of this m.; insertion, tibial side of extensor tendon on dorsum of each of the four lateral toes; action, flex the proximal and extend the middle and distal phalanges; nerve supply, lateral (second to fourth lumbricals) and medial (first lumbrical) plantar.musculus lumbricalis pedis [NA];
lumbrical m. of hand four intrinsic muscles of the hand; origin, the two lateral: from the radial side of the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus going to the index and middle fingers; the two medial: from the adjacent sides of the second and third, and third and fourth tendons; insertion, radial side of extensor tendon on dorsum of each of the four fingers; action, flexes metacarpophalangeal joint and extends the proximal and distal interphalangeal joint; nerve supply, the two radial m.'s by the median, the two ulnar m.'s by the ulnar.musculus lumbricalis manus [NA];
Marcacci's m. a sheet of smooth m. fibers underlying the areola and nipple of the mammary gland.
masseter m. origin, superficial part: inferior border of the anterior two-thirds of the zygomatic arch; deep part: inferior border and medial surface of the zygomatic arch; insertion, lateral surface of ramus and coronoid process of the mandible; action, elevates mandible (closes jaw); nerve supply, masseteric branch of mandibular division of trigeminal.musculus masseter [NA];
m.'s of mastication m.'s derived from the first (mandibular) arch used in chewing; all receive innervation from the motor root of the trigeminal nerve via its mandibular division. See masseter m., temporalis m., lateral pterygoid m., medial pterygoid m.
medial great m. vastus medialis m
medial lumbar intertransversarii m.'s origin, accessory and mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae; insertion, corresponding processes of next superior vertebra; action, abducts lumbar vertebrae; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of lumbar spinal nerves.musculi intertransversarii mediales lumborum [NA], medial lumbar intertransverse m.'s;
medial lumbar intertransverse m.'s medial lumbar intertransversarii m.'s
medial pterygoid m. origin, pterygoid fossa of sphenoid and tuberosity of maxilla; insertion, medial surface of mandible between angle and mylohyoid groove; action, elevates mandible closing jaw; nerve supply, nerve to medial pterygoid from mandibular division of trigeminal.musculus pterygoideus medialis [NA], internal pterygoid m., musculus pterygoideus internus;
medial rectus m. origin, medial part of the anulus tendineus communis; insertion, medial part of sclera of the eye; action, adduction; nerve supply, oculomotor.musculus rectus medialis [NA], musculus rectus internus;
medial vastus m. vastus medialis m
mentalis m. origin, incisor fossa of mandible; insertion, skin of chin; action, raises and wrinkles skin of chin, thus elevating the lower lip; nerve supply, facial.musculus mentalis [NA], chin m., musculus levator labii inferioris;
Merkel's m. ceratocricoid m
middle constrictor m. of pharynx origin, stylohyoid ligament, lesser cornu of the hyoid bone (chondropharyngeal part) and greater cornu of the hyoid bone (ceratopharyngeal part); insertion, pharyngeal raphe in the posterior wall of the pharynx; action, narrows pharynx in the act of swallowing; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus.musculus constrictor pharyngis medius [NA];
middle scalene m. scalenus medius m
mimetic m.'s m.'s of facial expression
mucocutaneous m. cutaneomucous m
Müller's m. 1. orbitalis m 2. circular fibers, under fiber 3. superior tarsal m
multifidus m. origin, from the sacrum, sacroiliac ligament, mamillary processes of the lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, and articular processes of last four cervical vertebrae; insertion, into the spinous processes of all the vertebrae up to and including the axis; action, rotates vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves.musculus multifidus [NA], intermediate layer of the transversospinalis m.'s, musculus multifidus spinae;
multipennate m. a m. with several central tendons toward which the m. fibers converge like the barbs of feathers.musculus multipennatus [NA];
mylohyoid m. origin, mylohyoid line of mandible; insertion, upper border of hyoid bone and raphe separating m. from its fellow; action, elevates floor of mouth and the tongue, depresses jaw when hyoid is fixed; nerve supply, nerve to mylohyoid from mandibular division of trigeminal.musculus mylohyoideus [NA], mylohyoideus;
nasal m. nasalis m
nasalis m. compound m. consisting of: a transverse part (pars transversa musculi nasalis [NA], musculus compressor naris) arising from the maxilla above the root of the canine tooth on each side and forming an aponeurosis across the bridge of the nose; and an alar part (pars alaris musculi nasalis [NA], musculus dilator naris) arising from the maxilla above the lateral incisor and attaching to the wing of the nose; the alar part dilates the nostril; nerve supply, facial.musculus nasalis [NA], nasal m;
m.'s of neck the anterolateral m.'s of the neck including the platysma, sternocleidomastoid, suprahyoid m.'s, infrahyoid m.'s, longus colli and scalene m.'s.musculi colli [NA];
m. of notch of helix an occasional m. on the cranial surface of the auricle spanning the antitragohelicine fissure.musculus incisurae helicis [NA], musculus intertragicus;
oblique arytenoid m. origin, muscular process of arytenoid cartilage; insertion, summit of arytenoid cartilage of opposite side and continuing as the aryepiglottic muscle in the aryepiglottic fold to the epiglottis; action, narrows the interarytenoid portion of the rima glottidis; nerve supply, recurrent laryngeal.musculus arytenoideus obliquus [NA], arytenoideus;
oblique m. of auricle oblique auricular m
oblique auricular m. a thin band of oblique muscular fibers extending from the upper part of the eminence of the concha to the convexity of the helix, running across the groove corresponding to the inferior crus of the anthelix.musculus obliquus auriculae [NA], oblique m. of auricle, Tod's m;
obliquus capitis inferior m. origin, spinous process of axis; insertion, transverse process of the atlas; action, rotates head; origin, spinous process of axis; insertion, transverse process of the atlas; nerve supply, suboccipital. See also suboccipital m.'s.musculus obliquus capitis inferior [NA], inferior oblique m. of head;
obliquus capitis superior m. origin, transverse process of atlas; insertion, lateral third of inferior nuchal line; action, rotates head; nerve supply, suboccipital. See also suboccipital m.'s.musculus obliquus capitis superior [NA], superior oblique m. of head;
obturator externus m. origin, lower half of margin of obturator foramen and adjacent part of external surface of obturator membrane; insertion, trochanteric fossa of greater trochanter; action, rotates thigh laterally; nerve supply, obturator.musculus obturator externus [NA], external obturator m;
obturator internus m. origin, pelvic surface of obturator membrane and margin of obturator foramen; insertion, passes out of pelvis through lesser sciatic foramen, in so doing, making a 90° turn to insert into the medial surface of greater trochanter; action, rotates thigh laterally; nerve supply, nerve to obturator internus (sacral plexus).musculus obturator internus [NA], internal obturator m;
occipitalis m. occipital belly of occipitofrontalis muscle
occipitofrontal m. occipitofrontalis m
occipitofrontalis m. it is a part of m. epicranius; the occipital belly (occipitalis m.) arises from the occipital bone and inserts into the galea aponeurotica; the frontal belly (frontalis m.) arises from the galea and inserts into the skin of the eyebrow and nose; action, to move the scalp; nerve supply, facial.musculus occipitofrontalis [NA], occipitofrontal m;
ocular m.'s extraocular m.'s
Oehl's m.'s strands of m. fibers in the chordae tendineae of the left atrioventricular valve.
omohyoid m. formed of two bellies attached to intermediate tendon; origin, by inferior belly from upper border of scapula between superior angle and notch; insertion, by superior belly into hyoid bone; action, depresses hyoid; nerve supply, upper cervical spinal nerves through ansa cervicalis.musculus omohyoideus [NA], omohyoid;
opponens digiti minimi m. origin, hamulus of the hamate bone and transverse carpal ligament; insertion, shaft of fifth metacarpal; action, "cups" palm, drawing ulnar side of hand toward center of palm; nerve supply, ulnar.musculus opponens digiti minimi [NA], musculus opponens digiti quinti, musculus opponens minimi digiti, opposer m. of little finger;
opponens pollicis m. origin, ridge of trapezium and flexor retinaculum; insertion, anterior surface of the full length of the shaft of the first metacarpal bone; action, acts at carpometacarpal joint to "cup" palm, enabling one to oppose thumb to other fingers; nerve supply, median.musculus opponens pollicis [NA], opposer m. of thumb;
opposer m. of little finger opponens digiti minimi m
opposer m. of thumb opponens pollicis m
orbicular m. orbicularis m
orbicular m. of eye orbicularis oculi m
orbicularis m. a sphincter-like sheet of m. that encircles an orifice such as the mouth or the palpebral fissures.musculus orbicularis [NA], orbicular m., orbicularis (2);
orbicularis oculi m. consists of three portions: orbital part, or external portion, which arises from frontal process of maxilla and nasal process of frontal bone, encircles aperture of orbit, and is inserted near origin; palpebral part, or internal portion, which arises from medial palpebral ligament, passes through each eyelid, and is inserted into lateral palpebral raphe; lacrimal part (tensor tarsi muscle, Duverney's or Horner's muscle) arises from posterior lacrimal crest and passes across lacrimal sac to join palpebral portion; action, closes eye, wrinkles forehead vertically; nerve supply, facial.musculus orbicularis oculi [NA], musculus orbicularis palpebrarum, orbicular m. of eye, sphincter oculi;
orbicularis oris m. origin, by nasolabial band from septum of the nose, by superior incisive bundle from incisor fossa of maxilla, by inferior incisive bundle from lower jaw each side of symphysis; insertion, fibers surround mouth between skin and mucous membrane of lips and cheeks, and are blended with other m.'s; action, closes lips; nerve supply, facial.musculus orbicularis oris [NA], musculus sphincter oris, orbicular m. of mouth, sphincter oris;
orbicular m. of mouth orbicularis oris m
orbital m. orbitalis m
orbitalis m. a rudimentary nonstriated m., crossing the infraorbital groove and sphenomaxillary fissure, intimately united with the periosteum of the orbit.musculus orbitalis [NA], Müller's m. (1), orbital m;
palatoglossus m. forms anterior pillar of tonsillar fossa; origin, oral surface of soft palate; insertion, side of tongue; action, raises back of tongue and narrows fauces; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus (cranial root of accessory nerve).musculus palatoglossus [NA], glossopalatinus, musculus glossopalatinus, palatoglossus;
palatopharyngeal m. palatopharyngeus m
palatopharyngeus m. origin, soft palate; forms the posterior pillar of the fauces or tonsillar fossa; insertion, posterior border of thyroid cartilage and aponeurosis of pharynx; action, narrows fauces, depresses soft palate, elevates pharynx and larynx; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus (cranial root of accessory nerve).musculus palatopharyngeus [NA], musculus pharyngopalatinus, palatopharyngeal m., palatopharyngeus, pharyngopalatinus, pharyngostaphylinus;
palatouvularis m. uvulae m
palmar interosseous m. three m.'s in the hand; origin, first: ulnar side of second metacarpal; second and third: radial sides of fourth and fifth metacarpals; insertion, first: into ulnar side of index; second and third: into radial sides of ring and little fingers; action, adducts fingers toward axis of middle finger; nerve supply, ulnar. See also flexor pollicis brevis m.musculus interosseus palmaris [NA], musculus interosseus volaris;
palmaris brevis m. origin, ulnar side of central portion of the palmar aponeurosis; insertion, skin of ulnar side of hand; action, wrinkles skin on medial side of palm; nerve supply, ulnar.musculus palmaris brevis [NA], short palmar m;
palmaris longus m. origin, medial epicondyle of humerus; insertion, flexor retinaculum of wrist and palmar fascia; action, makes palmar fascia tense and flexes the hand and forearm; is absent about 20% of the time; when tensed, its tendon stands out sharply at the wrist and overlies the median nerve; nerve supply, median.musculus palmaris longus [NA], long palmar m;
panniculus carnosus m. 1. a sheet of m., lying beneath the skin, by which the skin can be made to shiver; it is especially well developed in the horse; 2. in man, platysma.
papillary m. one of the group of myocardial bundles which terminate in the chordae tendineae which attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves; each has an anterior and a posterior papillary muscle; the right ventricle sometimes has a septal papillary muscle.musculus papillaris [NA];
pectinate m.'s prominent ridges of atrial myocardium located on the inner surface of much of the right atrium and both auricles.musculi pectinati [NA], pectinate fibers;
pectineal m. pectineus m
pectineus m. origin, crest of pubis; insertion, pectineal line of femur; action, adducts thigh and assists in flexion; nerve supply, obturator and femoral.musculus pectineus [NA], pectineal m;
pectoralis major m. origin, clavicular part (pars clavicularis), medial half of clavicle; sternocostal part (pars sternocostalis), anterior surface of manubrium and body of sternum and cartilages of first to sixth ribs; abdominal part (pars abdominalis), aponeurosis of external oblique; insertion, crest of greater tubercle of humerus; action, adducts and medially rotates arm; nerve supply, anterior thoracic.musculus pectoralis major [NA], greater pectoral m;
pectoralis minor m. origin, third to fifth ribs at the costochondral articulations; insertion, tip of coracoid process of scapula; action, draws down scapula or raises ribs; nerve supply, medial pectoral nerve.musculus pectoralis minor [NA], smaller pectoral m;
pectorodorsal m. pectorodorsalis m
pectorodorsalis m. an anomalous m. or tendinus slip that passes across the axilla from the pectoralis major to insert with the latissimus dorsi onto the humerus. Though to be a vestige of the panniculus carnosus muscle of lower mammals.axillary arch m., axillary arch, pectorodorsal m;
pennate m. See bipennate m., unipennate m.
perineal m.'s the muscles located in the perineal region; these are the external anal sphincter, the superficial transverse perineal m., ischiocavernosus m., bulbospongiosus m., deep transverse perineal m., and sphincter urethrae m.musculi perinei [NA];
peroneus brevis m. origin, lower two-thirds of lateral surface of fibula; insertion, base of fifth metatarsal bone; action, everts foot; nerve supply, superficial peroneal.musculus fibularis brevis [NA], musculus peroneus brevis [NA], short fibular m., short peroneal m;
peroneus longus m. origin, upper two-thirds of outer surface of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia; insertion, by tendon passing behind lateral malleolus and across sole of foot to medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal; action, plantar flexes and everts foot; nerve supply, superficial peroneal.musculus fibularis longus [NA], musculus peroneus longus [NA], long fibular m., long peroneal m;
peroneus tertius m. origin, in common with m. extensor digitorum longus; insertion, dorsum of base of fifth metatarsal bone; nerve supply, deep branch of peroneal; action, assists in dorsiflexion and eversion of foot.musculus fibularis tertius [NA], musculus peroneus tertius [NA], third peroneal m;
piriform m. piriformis m
piriformis m. origin, margins of pelvic sacral foramina and greater sciatic notch of ilium; insertion, upper border of greater trochanter; action, rotates thigh laterally; nerve supply, nerve to piriformis (sciatic plexus).musculus piriformis [NA], musculus pyriformis, piriform m;
plantar m. plantaris m
plantar interosseous m. three intrinsic m.'s of foot; origin, the medial side of the third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones; insertion, corresponding side of proximal phalanx of the same toes; action, adducts three lateral toes; nerve supply, lateral plantar.musculus interosseus plantaris [NA];
plantaris m. origin, lateral supracondylar ridge; insertion, medial margin of tendo achillis and deep fascia of ankle; action, traditionally described as plantar flexion of foot; many investigators now believe the plantaris muscle to be primarily a proprioceptive organ; nerve supply, tibial nerve.musculus plantaris [NA], musculus tibialis gracilis, plantar m;
plantar quadrate m. quadratus plantae m
platysma m. origin, subcutaneous layer and fascia covering pectoralis major and deltoid at level of first or second rib; insertion, lower border of mandible, risorius and platysma of opposite side; action, depresses lower lip, forms ridges in skin of neck and upper chest when jaws are "clenched", denoting stress, anger; nerve supply, cervical branch of facial.platysma [NA], musculus platysma myoides, musculus platysma, musculus subcutaneus colli, musculus tetragonus;
pleuroesophageal m. muscular fasciculi, arising from the mediastinal pleura, which reinforce musculature of esophagus.musculus pleuroesophageus [NA];
popliteal m. popliteus m
popliteus m. origin, lateral condyle of femur; insertion, posterior surface of tibia above oblique line; action, from the fully extended and "locked" position, rotates the femur medially, on the fixed (planted) tibial plateau about 5°, "unlocking" the knee to enable flexion to occur; nerve supply, tibial.musculus popliteus [NA], popliteal m., popliteus (3);
posterior auricular m. origin, mastoid process; insertion, posterior portion of root of auricle; action, draws back the pinna; nerve supply, facial.musculus auricularis posterior [NA], musculus retrahens aurem, musculus retrahens auriculam;
posterior cervical intertransversarii m.'s origin, lateral part: posterior tubercle of cervical transverse process; medial part: transverse process; insertion, corresponding parts of next superior transverse process; action, abducts cervical vertebrae; nerve supply, lateral part: ventral primary rami of cervical spinal nerves; medial part: dorsal primary rami of cervical spinal nerves.musculi intertransversarii posteriores cervicis [NA], posterior cervical intertransverse m.'s;
posterior cervical intertransverse m.'s posterior cervical intertransversarii m.'s
posterior cricoarytenoid m. origin, depression on posterior surface of lamina of cricoid; insertion, muscular process of arytenoid; action, abducts vocal folds, widening rima glottidis as for taking a breath; nerve supply, recurrent laryngeal.musculus cricoarytenoideus posterior [NA];
posterior scalene m. scalenus posterior m
posterior tibial m. tibialis posterior m
Pozzi's m. extensor digitorum brevis m. of hand
procerus m. insertion, into frontalis; action, assists frontalis; origin, from membrane covering bridge of nose; nerve supply, branch of facial.musculus procerus [NA], musculus pyramidalis nasi, procerus;
pronator quadratus m. origin, distal fourth of anterior surface of ulna; insertion, distal fourth of anterior surface of radius; action, pronates forearm; nerve supply, anterior interosseous.musculus pronator quadratus [NA], quadrate pronator m;
pronator teres m. origin, superficial (humeral) head (ulnar) from the common flexor origin on the medial epicondyle of the humerus, deep (ulnar) head from the medial side of the coronoid process of the ulna; insertion, middle of the lateral surface of the radius; action, pronates forearm; nerve supply, median.musculus pronator teres [NA], musculus pronator radii teres, round pronator m;
psoas major m. origin, bodies of vertebrae and intervertebral disks from the twelfth thoracic to the fifth lumbar, and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae; insertion, forms a common insertion with iliacus m.'s into lesser trochanter of femur; action, flexes hip joint; nerve supply, lumbar plexus (ventral rami of first, second and usually third lumbar spinal nerves).musculus psoas major [NA], greater psoas m;
psoas minor m. an inconstant m., absent in about 40%; origin, bodies of twelfth thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae and disk between them; insertion, iliopubic eminence via iliopectineal arch (iliac fascia); action, assists in flexion of lumbar spine; nerve supply, lumbar plexus.musculus psoas minor [NA], smaller psoas m;
pubococcygeal m. pubococcygeus m
pubococcygeus m. fibers of the levator ani, arising from the pelvic surface of the body of the pubis and adjacent tendinous arch of obturator fascia, attaching to the coccyx.musculus pubococcygeus [NA], pubococcygeal m;
puboprostatic m. smooth m. fibers within the puboprostatic ligament.musculus puboprostaticus [NA];
puborectal m. puborectalis m
puborectalis m. the medial part of the m. levator ani (pubococcygeus muscle) that passes from the body of the pubis around the anus to form a muscular sling at the level of the anorectal junction; it contracts to increase the perineal flexure during a peristalsis to maintain fecal continence and relaxes to allow defecation.musculus puborectalis [NA], Braune's m., puborectal m;
pubovaginal m. pubovaginalis m
pubovaginalis m. in the female, the most medial fibers of the levator ani (pubococcygeus) m. that extend from the pubis into the lateral walls of the vagina.musculus pubovaginalis [NA], pubovaginal m;
pubovesical m. pubovesicalis m
pubovesicalis m. smooth m. fibers within the pubovesical ligament in the female.musculus pubovesicalis [NA], pubovesical m;
pyramidal m. pyramidalis m
pyramidal m. of auricle pyramidal auricular m
pyramidal auricular m. an occasional prolongation of the fibers of the tragicus to the spina helicis.musculus pyramidalis auriculae [NA], Jung's m., pyramidal m. of auricle;
pyramidalis m. origin, crest of pubis; insertion, lower portion of linea alba; action, makes linea alba tense; nerve supply, subcostal.musculus pyramidalis [NA], pyramidal m;
quadrate m. quadratus m
quadrate m. of loins quadratus lumborum m
quadrate pronator m. pronator quadratus m
quadrate m. of sole quadratus plantae m
quadrate m. of thigh quadratus femoris m
quadrate m. of upper lip musculus quadratus labii superioris
quadratus m. a m. that is more or less square in shape.musculus quadratus [NA], quadrate m;
quadratus fem´oris m. insertion, intertrochanteric ridge; origin, lateral border of tuberosity of ischium; action, rotates thigh laterally; nerve supply, nerve to quadratus femoris (sacral plexus).musculus quadratus femoris [NA], quadrate m. of thigh;
quadratus lumborum m. origin, iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament, and transverse processes of lower lumbar vertebrae; insertion, twelfth rib and transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae; action, abducts trunk; nerve supply, ventral primary rami of upper lumbar spinal nerves.musculus quadratus lumborum [NA], lumbar quadrate m., quadrate m. of loins;
quadratus plantae m. origin, by two heads from the lateral and medial borders of the inferior surface of the calcaneus; insertion, tendons of flexor digitorum longus; action, assists long flexor; nerve supply, lateral plantar.musculus flexor accessorius [NA], musculus quadratus plantae [NA], accessory flexor m. of foot, caro quadrata sylvii, musculus pronator pedis, plantar quadrate m., quadrate m. of sole;
quadriceps fem´oris m. origin, by four heads: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis; insertion, patella, and thence by ligamentum patellae to tuberosity of tibia; action, extends leg; flexes thigh by action of rectus femoris; nerve supply, femoral.musculus quadriceps femoris [NA], musculus quadriceps extensor femoris, quadriceps m. of thigh;
quadriceps m. of thigh quadriceps femoris m
radial flexor m. of wrist flexor carpi radialis m
rectococcygeal m. rectococcygeus m
rectococcygeus m. a band of smooth m. fibers passing from the posterior surface of the rectum to the anterior surface of second or third coccygeal segment.musculus rectococcygeus [NA], rectococcygeal m;
rectourethral m. rectourethralis m
rectourethralis m. smooth m. fibers that pass forward from the longitudinal m. layer of the rectum to the membranous urethra in the male.musculus rectourethralis [NA], rectourethral m;
rectouterine m. a band of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle fibers passing between the cervix of the uterus and the rectum in the rectouterine fold, on either side.musculus rectouterinus [NA];
rectovesical m. rectovesicalis m
rectovesicalis m. smooth m. fibers in the sacrogenital fold in the male; they correspond to rectouterinus m.musculus rectovesicalis [NA], rectovesical m;
rectus m. of abdomen rectus abdominis m
rectus abdominis m. m. of ventral abdominal wall, flanking the linea alba, and characterized by tendinous intersections separating its length into multiple bellies; origin, crest and symphysis of the pubis; insertion, xiphoid process and fifth to seventh costal cartilages; action, flexes lumbar vertebral column, draws thorax downward toward pubis; nerve supply, thoracoabdominal nerves.musculus rectus abdominis [NA], rectus m. of abdomen;
rectus capitis anterior m. origin, transverse process and lateral mass of atlas; insertion, basilar process of occipital bone; action, turns and inclines head forward; nerve supply, ventral primary ramus of first and second cervical spinal nerve.musculus rectus capitis anterior [NA], anterior rectus m. of head, musculus rectus capitis anticus minor;
rectus capitis lateralis m. origin, transverse process of atlas; insertion, jugular process of occipital bone; action, inclines head to one side; nerve supply, ventral primary ramus of first cervical spinal nerve.musculus rectus capitis lateralis [NA], lateral rectus m. of the head;
rectus capitis posterior major m. origin, spinous process of axis; insertion, middle of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone; action, rotates and draws head backward; nerve supply, dorsal branch of first cervical (suboccipital). See also suboccipital m.'s.musculus rectus capitis posterior major [NA], greater posterior rectus m. of head, musculus rectus capitis posticus major;
rectus capitis posterior minor m. origin, from posterior tubercle of atlas; insertion, medial third of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone; action, rotates head and draws it backward; nerve supply, dorsal branch of first cervical (suboccipital). See also suboccipital m.'s.musculus rectus capitis posterior minor [NA], musculus rectus capitis posticus minor, smaller posterior rectus m. of head;
rectus femoris m. origin, anterior inferior spine of ilium and upper margin of acetabulum; insertion, via common tendon of quadriceps femoris into patella, and via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity.musculus rectus femoris [NA], rectus m. of thigh;
rectus m. of thigh rectus femoris m
red m. slow-twitch m. in which small dark "red" m. fibers predominate; myoglobin is abundant and great numbers of mitochondria occur, characterized by slow, sustained (tonic) contraction. Contrast with white m.
Reisseisen's m.'s microscopic smooth m. fibers in the smallest bronchial tubes.
rhomboideus major m. origin, spinous processes and corresponding supraspinous ligaments of first four thoracic vertebrae; insertion, medial border of scapula below spine; action, draws scapula toward vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal of scapula nerve.musculus rhomboideus major [NA], greater rhomboid m;
rhomboid minor m. origin, spinous processes of sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae; insertion, medial margin of scapula above spine; action, draws scapula toward vertebral column and slightly upward; nerve supply, dorsal nerve of scapula.musculus rhomboideus minor [NA], lesser rhomboid m;
rider's m.'s the adductor m.'s of the thigh, which come into play especially in horseback riding.
Riolan's m. 1. marginal fibers of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi m.; 2. cremaster m
risorius m. origin, from platysma and fascia of masseter; insertion, orbicularis oris and skin at corner of mouth; action, draws angle of mouth laterally, lenghthening rima oris; nerve supply, facial.musculus risorius [NA], Albinus' m. (1), Santorini's m;
rotator m.'s rotatores m.'s
rotatores m.'s deepest of the three layers of transversospinalis m.'s, chiefly developed in the thoracic region; they arise from the transverse process of one vertebra and are inserted into the root of the spinous process of the next two or three vertebrae above; action, traditionally described as a column, it is more likely that these m.'s, provided with a very high density of m. spindles, are organs of proprioception; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves.musculi rotatores [NA], rotator m.'s;
rotatores cervicis m.'s the rotator m.'s attached to the cervical vertebrae.musculi rotatores cervicis [NA], cervical rotator m.'s;
rotatores lumborum m.'s the rotator m.'s of the lumbar vertebrae.musculi rotatores lumborum [NA], lumbar rotator m.'s;
rotatores thoracis m.'s the rotators of the thoracic vertebrae.musculi rotatores thoracis [NA], thoracic rotator m.'s;
Rouget's m. circular fibers, under fiber
round pronator m. pronator teres m
Ruysch's m. the muscular tissue of the fundus of the uterus.
salpingopharyngeal m. salpingopharyngeus m
salpingopharyngeus m. origin, medial lamina of cartilaginous part of auditory tube; insertion, longitudinal muscular layer of pharynx in association with m. palatopharyngeus; action, assists in elevating pharynx and, according to some, assists in opening the auditory tube during swallowing; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus.musculus salpingopharyngeus [NA], salpingopharyngeal m;
Santorini's m. risorius m
sartorius m. origin, anterior superior spine of ilium; insertion, medial border of tuberosity of tibia; action, flexes thigh and leg, rotates leg medially and thigh laterally; nerve supply, femoral.musculus sartorius [NA], tailor's m;
scalenus anterior m. origin, anterior tubercles of transverse processes of third to sixth cervical vertebrae; insertion, scalene tubercle of first rib; action, raises first rib; nerve supply, cervical plexus.musculus scalenus anterior [NA], anterior scalene m., musculus scalenus anticus;
scalenus medius m. origin, costotransverse lamellae of transverse processes of second to sixth cervical vertebrae; insertion, first rib posterior to subclavian artery; action, raises first rib; nerve supply, cervical plexus.musculus scalenus medius [NA], middle scalene m;
scalenus minimus m. an occasional independent muscular fasciculus between the scalenus anterior and medius, and having the same action and innervation.musculus scalenus minimus [NA], Albinus' m. (2), Sibson's m., smallest scalene m;
scalenus posterior m. origin, posterior tubercles of transverse processes of fourth to sixth cervical vertebrae; insertion, lateral surface of second rib; action, elevates second rib; nerve supply, cervical and brachial plexuses.musculus scalenus posterior [NA], musculus scalenus posticus, posterior scalene m;
scalp m. epicranius m
Sebileau's m. deep fibers of the dartos tunic which pass into the scrotal septum.
second tibial m. musculus tibialis secundus
semimembranosus m. origin, tuberosity of ischium; insertion, medial condyle of tibia and by membrane to tibial collateral ligament of knee joint, popliteal fascia, and via its reflected tendon of insertion (oblique popiteal ligament) lateral condyle of femur; action, flexes knee and rotates leg medially when knee is flexed; and contributes to the stability of extended knee by making capsule of knee joint tense; nerve supply, tibial.musculus semimembranosus [NA];
semispinal m. semispinalis m
semispinal m. of head semispinalis capitis m
semispinalis m. the most superficial layer of the three layers of the transversospinal m.; comprised of semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, and semispinalis thoracis m.'s.musculus semispinalis [NA], semispinal m;
semispinalis capitis m. origin, transverse processes of five or six upper thoracic and articular processes of four lower cervical vertebrae; insertion, occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines; action, rotates head and draws it backward; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of cervical spinal nerves.musculus semispinalis capitis [NA], musculus complexus, semispinal m. of head;
semispinalis cervicis m. continuous with m. semispinalis thoracis; origin, transverse processes of second to fifth thoracic vertebrae; insertion, spinous processes of axis and third to fifth cervical vertebrae; action, extends cervical spine; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves.musculus semispinalis cervicis [NA], musculus semispinalis colli, semispinal m. of neck;
semispinalis thoracis m. origin, transverse processes of fifth to eleventh thoracic vertebrae; insertion, spinous processes of first four thoracic and fifth and seventh cervical vertebrae; action, extends vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves.musculus semispinalis thoracis [NA], musculus semispinalis dorsi, semispinal m. of thorax;
semispinal m. of neck semispinalis cervicis m
semispinal m. of thorax semispinalis thoracis m
semitendinosus m. origin, ischial tuberosity; insertion, medial surface of the upper fourth of shaft of tibia; action, extends thigh, flexes leg and rotates it medially; nerve supply, tibial.musculus semitendinosus [NA];
serratus anterior m. origin, from center of lateral aspect of first eight to nine ribs; insertion, superior and inferior angles and intervening medial margin of scapula; action, rotates scapula and pulls it forward, elevates ribs; nerve supply, long thoracic from brachial plexus.musculus serratus anterior [NA], anterior serratus m., costoscapularis, musculus serratus magnus;
serratus posterior inferior m. origin, with latissimus dorsi, from spinous processes of two lower thoracic and two upper lumbar vertebrae; insertion, into lower borders of last four ribs; action, draws lower ribs backward and downward; nerve supply, ninth to twelfth intercostal.musculus serratus posterior inferior [NA], inferior posterior serratus m;
serratus posterior superior m. origin, from spinous processes of two lower cervical and two upper thoracic vertebrae; insertion, into lateral side of angles of second to fifth ribs; nerve supply, first to fourth intercostals.musculus serratus posterior superior [NA], superior posterior serratus m;
shawl m. obsolete term for trapezius m.
short abductor m. of thumb abductor pollicis brevis m
short adductor m. adductor brevis m
short extensor m. of great toe extensor hallucis brevis m
short extensor m. of thumb extensor pollicis brevis m
short extensor m. of toes extensor digitorum brevis m
short fibular m. peroneus brevis m
short flexor m. of great toe flexor hallucis brevis m
short flexor m. of little finger flexor digiti minimi brevis m. of hand
short flexor m. of little toe flexor digiti minimi brevis m. of foot
short flexor m. of thumb flexor pollicis brevis m
short flexor m. of toes flexor digitorum brevis m
short levatores costarum m.'s origin, the transverse processes of last cervical and eleven thoracic vertebrae; insertion ribs immediately below, between angle and tubercle.musculi levatores costarum breves;
short palmar m. palmaris brevis m
short peroneal m. peroneus brevis m
short radial extensor m. of wrist extensor carpi radialis brevis m
Sibson's m. scalenus minimus m
skeletal m. grossly, a collection of striated m. fibers connected at either or both extremities with the bony framework of the body; it may be an appendicular or an axial m.; histologically, a m. consisting of elongated, multinucleated, transversely striated skeletal m. fibers together with connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerves; individual m. fibers are surrounded by fine reticular and collagen fibers (endomysium); bundles (fascicles) of m. fibers are surrounded by irregular connective tissue (perimysium); the entire m. is surrounded, except at the m. tendon junction, by a dense connective tissue (epimysium).musculus skeleti;
smaller m. of helix helicis minor m
smaller pectoral m. pectoralis minor m
smaller posterior rectus m. of head rectus capitis posterior minor m
smaller psoas m. psoas minor m
smallest scalene m. scalenus minimus m
smooth m. one of the m. fibers of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc.; contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei and a length from 20 to 200 mum, or even longer in the pregnant uterus; although transverse striations are lacking, both thick and thin myofibrils occur; smooth m. fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers, and frequently elastic fiber nets are also abundant. See also involuntary m.'s.unstriated m., unstriped m., visceral m;
Soemmerring's m. levator m. of thyroid gland
soleus m. origin, posterior surface of head and upper third of shaft of fibula, oblique line and middle third of medial margin of tibia, and a tendinous arch passing between tibia and fibula over the popliteal vessels; insertion, with gastrocnemius by tendo calcaneus (achillis) into tuberosity of calcaneus; action, plantar flexion of foot; nerve supply, tibial.musculus soleus [NA];
sphincter m. sphincter
sphincter m. of common bile duct sphincter of common bile duct
sphincter m. of pancreatic duct sphincter of pancreatic duct
sphincter m. of pupil sphincter pupillae
sphincter m. of pylorus pyloric sphincter
sphincter m. of urethra sphincter urethrae
sphincter m. of urinary bladder sphincter vesicae
spinal m. spinalis m
spinal m. of head spinalis capitis m
spinalis m. the medial component of the erector spinae muscle; it is comprised of the spinalis capitis, spinalis cervicis, and spinalis thoracis muscles.musculus spinalis [NA], spinal m;
spinalis capitis m. an inconstant extension of spinalis cervicis to the occipital bone, sometimes fusing with semispinalis capitis.musculus spinalis capitis [NA], biventer cervicis, spinal m. of head;
spinalis cervicis m. an inconstant or rudimentary muscle; origin, spinous processes of sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae; insertion, spinous processes of axis and third cervical vertebra; action, extends cervical spine; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of cervical.musculus spinalis cervicis [NA], musculus spinalis colli, spinal m. of neck;
spinalis thoracis m. origin, spinous processes of upper lumbar and two lower thoracic vertebrae; insertion, spinous processes of middle and upper thoracic vertebrae; action, supports and extends vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of thoracic and upper lumbar.musculus spinalis thoracis [NA], musculus spinalis dorsi, spinal m. of thorax;
spinal m. of neck spinalis cervicis m
spinal m. of thorax spinalis thoracis m
spindle-shaped m. fusiform m
splenius capitis m. origin, from ligamentum nuchae of last four cervical vertebrae and supraspinous ligament of first and second thoracic vertebrae; insertion, lateral half of superior nuchal line and mastoid process; action, rotates head and extends neck; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of second to sixth cervical spinal nerves.musculus splenius capitis [NA], splenius m. of head;
splenius cervicis m. origin, from supraspinous ligament and spinous processes of third to fifth thoracic vertebrae; insertion, posterior tubercles of transverse processes of first and second (sometimes third) cervical vertebrae; action, rotates and extends neck; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of fourth to eighth cervical spinal nerves.musculus splenius cervicis [NA], musculus splenius colli, splenius m. of neck;
splenius m. of head splenius capitis m
splenius m. of neck splenius cervicis m
stapedius m. origin, internal walls of pyramidal eminence in tympanic cavity; insertion, neck of the stapes; action, dampens vibration of stapes by drawing head of stapes backward as a result of a protective reflex stimulated by loud noise; nerve supply, facial.musculus stapedius [NA], stapedius;
sternal m. sternalis m
sternalis m. an inconstant muscle, running parallel to the sternum across the costosternal origin of the pectoralis major, and usually connected with the sternocleidomastoid and rectus abdominis muscles due to their common development source.musculus sternalis [NA], musculus rectus thoracis, sternal m;
sternochondroscapular m. an occasional muscle arising from the manubrium of the sternum and first costal cartilage and passing lateralward and backward to be inserted into the upper border of the scapula.musculus sternochondroscapularis;
sternoclavicular m. an occasional m. a slip from the subclavius muscle, passing from the upper part of the sternum to the clavicle beneath the pectoralis major m.musculus sternoclavicularis;
sternocleidomastoid m. origin, by two heads from anterior surface of manubrium of the sternum and sternal end of clavicle; insertion, mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line; action, turns head obliquely to opposite side; when acting together, flex the neck and extend the head; nerve supply, motor by accessory, sensory by cervical plexus.musculus sternocleidomastoideus [NA], sternomastoid m;
sternocostalis m. transversus thoracis m
sternohyoid m. origin, posterior surface of manubrium sterni and first costal cartilage; insertion, body of hyoid bone; action, depresses hyoid bone; nerve supply, upper cervical via spinal nerves(ansa cervicalis).musculus sternohyoideus [NA];
sternomastoid m. sternocleidomastoid m
sternothyroid m. origin, posterior surface of manubrium of sternum and first or second costal cartilage; insertion, oblique line of thyroid cartilage; action, depresses larynx; nerve supply, upper cervical via spinal nerves (ansa cervicalis).musculus sternothyroideus [NA];
strap m.'s infrahyoid m.'s
striated m. skeletal or voluntary m. in which cross striations occur in the fibers as a result of regular overlapping of thick and thin myofilaments; contrast with smooth muscle. Although cardiac muscle (which is not voluntary muscle) is also striated in appearance, the term "striated muscle" is commonly used as a synonym for voluntary, skeletal muscle.
styloauricular m. an occasional small m. extending from the root of the styloid process to the cartilage of the meatus of the ear.musculus styloauricularis;
styloglossus m. action, retracts tongue; origin, lower end of styloid process; insertion, side and undersurface of tongue; nerve supply, hypoglossal.musculus styloglossus [NA];
stylohyoid m. origin, styloid process of temporal bone; insertion, hyoid bone by two slips on either side of intermediate tendon of digastric; action, elevates hyoid bone; nerve supply, facial.musculus stylohyoideus [NA];
stylopharyngeal m. stylopharyngeus m
stylopharyngeus m. origin, root of styloid process; insertion, thyroid cartilage and wall of pharynx (becomes part of the longitudinal coat): action, elevates pharynx and larynx; nerve supply, glossopharyngeal.musculus stylopharyngeus [NA], stylopharyngeal m;
subanconeus m. articularis cubiti m
subclavian m. subclavius m
subclavius m. origin, first costal cartilage; insertion, inferior surface of acromial end of clavicle; action, fixes clavicle or elevates first rib; nerve supply, subclavian from brachial plexus.musculus subclavius [NA], subclavian m;
subcostal m. one of a number of inconstant muscles of the posterolateral thoracic wall having the same direction as the internal intercostal muscles but extending across (deep to) one or more ribs.musculus subcostalis [NA], musculus infracostalis;
subcrural m. articularis genu m
suboccipital m.'s a group of muscles located immediately below the occipital bone; they are: rectus capitis anterior muscle, rectus capitis posterior major and minor muscles, rectus capitis lateralis m., obliquus capitis superior and inferior muscles; innervated by suboccipital nerve; although actions are described, it is held by many authorities that these muscles act primarily as organs of proprioception.musculi suboccipitales [NA];
subquadricipital m. articularis genu m
subscapular m. subscapularis m
subscapularis m. origin, subscapular fossa; insertion, lesser tuberosity of humerus; action, rotates arm medially; nerve supply, upper and lower subscapular from posterior cord of brachial plexus (fifth and sixth cervical spinal nerves).musculus subscapularis [NA], subscapular m;
superficial back m.'s m.'s originating from the vertebral column and having their fleshy bellies located in the back, but inserting onto the appendicular skeleton of the upper limb or the ribs. They are not innervated by dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves, as are the deep or true m.'s of the back; includes the trapezius m. (innervated by spinal accessory nerve) and latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, levator scapulae, and thoracic m.'s (innervated by ventral primary rami of spinal nerves, or derivatives thereof).
superficial flexor m. of fingers flexor digitorum superficialis m
superficial lingual m. superior longitudinal m. of tongue
superficial transverse perineal m. an inconstant muscle; origin, ramus of ischium; insertion, central tendon of perineum; action, draws back and fixes the central tendon of the perineum; nerve supply, pudendal (perineal).musculus transversus perinei superficialis [NA], superficial transverse m. of perineum, Theile's m;
superficial transverse m. of perineum superficial transverse perineal m
superior auricular m. origin, galea aponeurotica; insertion, cartilage of auricle; action draws pinna of ear upward and backward; nerve supply, facial. Considered by some to be the posterior part of the temporoparietal muscle.musculus auricularis superior [NA], attollens aurem, attollens auriculam, musculus attollens aurem, musculus attollens auriculam;
superior constrictor m. of pharynx origin, medial pterygoid plate (pterygopharyngeal part), pterygomandibular raphe (buccopharyngeal part), mylohyoid line of mandible (mylopharyngeal part), and the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth and the side of the tongue (glossopharyngeal part); insertion, pharyngeal raphe in the posterior wall of the pharynx; action, narrows pharynx; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus.musculus constrictor pharyngis superior [NA], musculus cephalopharyngeus;
superior gemellus m. origin, ischial spine and margin of lesser sciatic notch; insertion, tendon of m. obturator internus; action, rotates thigh laterally; nerve supply, sacral plexus.musculus gemellus superior [NA], gemellus;
superior longitudinal m. of tongue an intrinsic muscle of the tongue, running from base to tip on the dorsum just beneath the mucous membrane; action, shortens the upper part of the tongue; nerve supply, motor by hypoglossal, sensory by lingual.musculus longitudinalis superior [NA], superficial lingual m;
superior oblique m. origin, above the medial margin of the optic canal; insertion, by a tendon passing through the trochlea, or pulley, and then reflected backward, downward, and laterally to the sclera between the superior and lateral recti; action, primary, intorsion; secondary, depression and abduction; nerve supply, trochlear nerve.musculus obliquus superior [NA];
superior oblique m. of head obliquus capitis superior m
superior posterior serratus m. serratus posterior superior m
superior rectus m. origin, superior part of common tendinous ring; insertion, superior part of sclera of the eye; action, primary, elevation; secondary, adduction and intorsion; nerve supply, oculomotor.musculus rectus superior [NA], attollens oculi;
superior tarsal m. a well defined layer of smooth muscle that extends from the aponeurosis of the m. levator palpebrae superioris to the superior tarsus; it is innervated by sympathetic nerves and acts to hold the upper lid in an elevated position; its paralysis in Horner's syndrome result in ptosis.musculus tarsalis superior [NA], Müller's m. (3);
supinator m. origin, lateral epicondyle of humerus radial collateral and anular ligaments, and supinator ridge of ulna; insertion, anterior and lateral surface of radius; action, supinates the forearm; nerve supply, radial (posterior interosseous).musculus supinator [NA], musculus supinator radii brevis;
supraclavicular m. an anomalous muscular slip running from the upper edge of the manubrium of the sternum lateralward to about the middle of the upper surface of the clavicle.musculus supraclavicularis;
suprahyoid m.'s the group of muscles attached to the upper part of the hyoid bone including the digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid muscles.musculi suprahyoidei [NA];
supraspinalis m. one of a number of muscular bands passing between the tips of the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae.musculus supraspinalis;
supraspinatus m. origin, supraspinous fossa of scapula; insertion, greater tuberosity of humerus; action, initiates abduction of arm; nerve supply, suprascapular from fifth and sixth cervical.musculus supraspinatus [NA], supraspinous m;
supraspinous m. supraspinatus m
suspensory m. of duodenum a broad flat band of smooth muscle and fibrous tissue attached to the right crus of the diaphragm and to the duodenum at its junction with the jejunum.musculus suspensorius duodeni [NA], Treitz's ligament, Treitz's m;
synergistic m.'s m.'s having a similar and mutually helpful function or action.
tailor's m. sartorius m
temporal m. temporalis m
temporalis m. origin, temporal fossa; insertion, coronoid process of mandible and anterior border of ramus; action elevates mandible (closes jaw); its posterior, nearly horizontally-oriented fibers are the primary retractors of the protruded mandible. nerve supply, deep temporal branches of mandibular division of trigeminal.musculus temporalis [NA], temporal m;
temporoparietal m. temporoparietalis m
temporoparietalis m. the part of epicranius m. that arises from the lateral part of the epicranial aponeurosis and inserts in the cartilage of the auricle.musculus temporoparietalis [NA], temporoparietal m;
tensor fasciae latae m. origin, anterior superior spine and adjacent lateral surface of the ilium; insertion, iliotibial band of fascia lata; action, tenses fascia lata; flexes, abducts and medially rotates thigh; nerve supply, superior gluteal.musculus tensor fasciae latae [NA], musculus tensor fasciae femoris, tensor m. of fascia lata;
tensor m. of fascia lata tensor fasciae latae m
tensor m. of soft palate tensor veli palati m
tensor tarsi m. lacrimal part of orbicularis oculi muscle. See orbicularis oculi m.
tensor tympani m. origin, the cartilaginous part of the auditory (eustachian) tube and the walls of its hemi-canal just above the bony portion of the auditory tube; insertion, handle of malleus; action, draws the handle of the malleus medialward tensing the tympanic membrane to protect it from excessive vibration by loud sounds. nerve supply, branches of trigeminal through the otic ganglion.musculus tensor tympani [NA], tensor m. of tympanic membrane, Toynbee's m;
tensor m. of tympanic membrane tensor tympani m
tensor veli palati m. tensor muscle of soft palate, m. tensor palati; m. palatosalpingeus; m. sphenosalpingostaphylinus; dilator tubae; origin, scaphoid fossa of sphenoid, cartilaginous and membranous part of auditory (eustachian) tube and spine of sphenoid; insertion, posterior border of hard palate and aponeurosis of soft palate; action, tenses the soft palate; contributes to opening of auditory tube; nerve supply, branches of trigeminal nerve through the otic ganglion.musculus tensor veli palatini [NA], dilator tubae, musculus palatosalpingeus, musculus sphenosalpingostaphylinus, musculus tensor palati, palatosalpingeus, tensor m. of soft palate;
teres major m. origin, inferior angle and lower third of border of scapula; insertion, medial border of intertubercular groove of humerus; action, adducts and extends arm and rotates it medially; nerve supply, lower subscapular from posterior cord of brachial plexus (fifth and sixth cervical spinal nerves).musculus teres major [NA];
teres minor m. origin, upper two-thirds of the lateral border of scapula; insertion, lower facet of greater tuberosity of humerus; action, adducts arm and rotates it laterally; nerve supply, axillary (fifth and sixth cervical spinal nerves).musculus teres minor [NA];
Theile's m. superficial transverse perineal m
third peroneal m. peroneus tertius m
thoracic interspinal m. thoracic interspinales m.'s
thoracic interspinales m.'s often poorly developed or absent muscles between spinous process of thoracic vertebrae; action, extends thoracic vertebrae; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of thoracic nerves.musculus interspinalis thoracis [NA], thoracic interspinal m;
thoracic intertransversarii m.'s origin, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae; insertion, next superior transverse process; action, abducts thoracic vertebrae; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of thoracic nerves.musculi intertransversarii thoracis [NA], thoracic intertransverse m.'s;
thoracic intertransverse m.'s thoracic intertransversarii m.'s
thoracic longissimus m. longissimus thoracis m
thoracic rotator m.'s rotatores thoracis m.'s
m.'s of thorax the muscles attaching to the rib cage including the pectoral muscles, serratus anterior, subclavius, levator muscles, intercostal muscles, transverse thoracic muscle, subcostal muscles, and diaphragm.musculi thoracis [NA];
thyroarytenoid m. origin, inner surface of thyroid cartilage; insertion, muscular process and outer surface of arytenoid; action, decreases tension on (relaxes) vocal cords lowering the pitch of the voice tone; nerve supply, recurrent laryngeal.musculus thyroarytenoideus [NA], musculus thyroarytenoideus externus;
thyroepiglottic m. , thyroepiglottidean m. origin, inner surface of thyroid cartilage in common with m. thyroarytenoideus; insertion, aryepiglottic fold and margin of epiglottis; action, depresses base of epiglottis; nerve supply, recurrent laryngeal.musculus thyroepiglotticus [NA], depressor m. of epiglottis, ventricularis (2);
thyrohyoid m. apparently a continuation of the sternothyroid; origin, oblique line of thyroid cartilage; insertion, body of hyoid bone; action, approximates hyoid bone to the larynx; nerve supply, upper cervical spinal nerves carried by hypoglossal.musculus thyrohyoideus [NA];
tibialis anterior m. origin, upper two-thirds of lateral surface of tibia, interosseous membrane, and intermuscular septum; insertion, medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal; action, dorsiflexion and inversion of foot; nerve supply, deep peroneal.musculus tibialis anterior [NA], anterior tibial m., musculus tibialis anticus;
tibialis posterior m. origin, soleal line and posterior surface of tibia, the head and shaft of the fibula between the medial crest and interosseous border, and the posterior surface of interosseous membrane; insertion, navicular, three cuneiform, cuboid, and second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones; action, plantar flexion and inversion of foot; nerve supply, tibial.musculus tibialis posterior [NA], musculus tibialis posticus, posterior tibial m;
Tod's m. oblique auricular m
m.'s of tongue the extrinsic m.'s include the genioglossus, hyoglossus, chondroglossus, and styloglossus m.'s; the intrinsic muscles are the vertical, transverse, and the superior and inferior longitudinal; all are innervated by the hypoglssal nerve.musculi linguae [NA];
Toynbee's m. tensor tympani m
trachealis m. the band of smooth muscular fibers in the fibrous membrane connecting posteriorly the ends of the tracheal rings.musculus trachealis [NA];
tracheloclavicular m. an anomalous muscle occasionally arising from the cervical vertebrae and inserted into the lateral end of the clavicle.musculus tracheloclavicularis;
tragicus m. a band of vertical muscular fibers on the outer surface of the tragus of the ear.musculus tragicus [NA], m. of tragus, Valsalva's m;
m. of tragus tragicus m
transverse m. of abdomen transversus abdominis m
transverse arytenoid m. a band of muscular fibers passing between the two arytenoid cartilages posteriorly; action, narrows the intercartilaginous portion of the rima glottidis; nerve supply, recurrent laryngeal.musculus arytenoideus transversus [NA], arytenoideus;
transverse m. of auricle transverse auricular m
transverse auricular m. a band of sparse muscular fibers on the cranial surface of the auricle, extending from the eminence of the concha to the eminence of the scapha.musculus transversus auriculae [NA], transverse m. of auricle;
transverse m. of chin transversus menti m
transverse m. of nape transversus nuchae m
transverse m. of thorax transversus thoracis m
transverse m. of tongue an intrinsic muscle of the tongue, the fibers of which arise from the septum and radiate to the dorsum and sides; action, decreases lateral dimension of the tongue; nerve supply, hypoglossal for motor, lingual for sensory.musculus transversus linguae [NA];
transversospinal m. transversospinalis m
transversospinalis m. the group of muscles that originate from transverse processes of vertebrae and pass to spinous processes of higher vertebrae; they act as rotators and include the semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis), multifidus, and rotatores (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) muscles. All are innervated by dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves.musculus transversospinalis [NA], transversospinal m;
transversus abdominis m. origin, seventh to twelfth costal cartilages, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament; insertion, xiphoid cartilage and linea alba and, through the conjoint tendon, pubic tubercle and pecten; action, compresses abdominal contents; nerve supply, lower thoracic.musculus transversus abdominis [NA], musculus transversalis abdominis, transverse m. of abdomen;
transversus menti m. inconstant fibers of the depressor anguli oris m. continue into the neck and cross to the opposite side inferior to the chin.musculus transversus menti [NA], transverse m. of chin;
transversus nuchae m. an occasional muscle passing between the tendons of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid, possibly a fasciculus of the posterior auricular muscle.musculus transversus nuchae [NA], transverse m. of nape;
transversus thoracis m. origin, dorsal surface of xiphoid cartilage and lower portion of dorsal surface of body of sternum; insertion, second to sixth costal cartilages; action, contributes to depression of ribs, narrowing chest; nerve supply, intercostal.musculus transversus thoracis [NA], musculus triangularis sterni, sternocostalis m., transverse m. of thorax;
trapezius m. origin, medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of seventh cervical and the thoracic vertebrae and corresponding supraspinous ligaments; insertion, lateral third of posterior surface of clavicle, anterior side of acromion, and upper and medial border of the spine of the scapula; action, when scapulae are fixed, portions of muscle can act independently: cervical portion elevates scapula, thoracic portion contributes to depression of scapula; upper and lowermost portions act simultaneously to rotate glenoid fossa superiorly; when the entire muscle and especially middle part contracts, the scapulae retract; draws head to one side or backward; nerve supply, motor by accessory, sensory by cervical plexus.musculus trapezius [NA], cowl m., trapezius;
Treitz's m. suspensory m. of duodenum
triangular m. 1. a muscle that is triangular in shape;musculus triangularis (1); 2. depressor anguli oris m
triceps m. of arm triceps brachii m
triceps brachii m. origin, long or scapular head: lateral border of scapula below glenoid fossa, lateral head: lateral and posterior surface of humerus below greater tubercle, medial head: posterior surface of humerus below radial groove; insertion, olecranon of ulna; action, extends elbow; nerve supply, radial.musculus triceps brachii [NA], triceps m. of arm;
triceps m. of calf triceps surae m
triceps coxae m. the obturator internus and superior and inferior gemellus m.'s considered as one muscle, inserting via a single tendon into the greater trochanter of the femur.musculus triceps coxae, triceps m. of hip;
triceps m. of hip triceps coxae m
triceps surae m. the two bellies of the gastrocnemius and soleus considered as one muscle.musculus triceps surae [NA], triceps m. of calf;
true m.'s of back deep m.'s of back
two-bellied m. digastric m
ulnar extensor m. of wrist extensor carpi ulnaris m
ulnar flexor m. of wrist flexor carpi ulnaris m
unipennate m. a muscle with a lateral tendon to which the fibers are attached obliquely, like one half of a feather.musculus unipennatus [NA];
unstriated m. , unstriped m. smooth m
m. of uvula uvulae m
uvulae m. origin, posterior nasal spine; insertion, forms chief bulk of the uvula; action, raises the uvula; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus.musculus uvulae [NA], m. of uvula, musculus azygos uvulae, palatouvularis m., uvularis;
Valsalva's m. tragicus m
vastus intermedius m. origin, upper three-fourths of anterior surface of shaft of femur; insertion, tibial tuberosity by way of common tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament; action, extends leg; nerve supply, femoral.musculus vastus intermedius [NA], crureus, femoral m., intermediate great m., intermediate vastus m;
vastus lateralis m. origin, lateral lip of linea aspera as far as great trochanter; insertion, tibial tuberosity by way of common tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament; action, extends leg; nerve supply, femoral.musculus vastus lateralis [NA], lateral great m., lateral vastus m., musculus vastus externus;
vastus medialis m. origin, medial lip of linea aspera; insertion, tibial tuberosity by way of common tendon of quadriceps femoris and ligamentum patellae; action, extends leg; nerve supply, femoral.musculus vastus medialis [NA], medial great m., medial vastus m., musculus vastus internus;
ventral sacrococcygeal m. ventral sacrococcygeus m
ventral sacrococcygeus m. an inconstant muscle on the pelvic surfaces of the sacrum and coccyx, the remains of a portion of the tail musculature of lower animals.musculus sacrococcygeus ventralis [NA], musculus sacrococcygeus anterior, ventral sacrococcygeal m;
vertical m. of tongue an intrinsic muscle of the tongue, consisting of fibers that pass from the aponeurosis of the dorsum to the aponeurosis of the inferior surface; action, decreases the superior to inferior dimension of (flattens) the tongue; nerve supply, hypoglossal for motor, lingual for sensory.musculus verticalis linguae [NA];
vestigial m. an imperfect structure in man corresponding to a functioning m. in the lower animals.
visceral m. smooth m
vocal m. vocalis m
vocalis m. origin, depression between the two laminae of thyroid cartilage; insertion, portions of vocal process of arytenoid; action, shortens and relaxes vocal cords; nerve supply, recurrent laryngeal; a number of the deeper and finer fibers of the thyroaryteroid m. attached directly to the outer side of the true vocal cord.musculus vocalis [NA], musculus thyroarytenoideus internus, vocal m;
voluntary m. one whose action is under the control of the will; all the striated m.'s, except the heart, are voluntary m.'s.
white m. a rapid or fast-twitch m. in which pale large "white" fibers predominate; mitochondria and myoglobin are relatively sparse compared with red m.; involved in phasic contraction.
Wilson's m. 1. sphincter urethrae 2. certain fibers of the levator ani.
wrinkler m. of eyebrow corrugator supercilii m
zygomaticus major m. origin, zygomatic bone anterior to temporozygomatic suture; insertion, muscles at angle of mouth; action, draws upper lip upward and laterally; nerve supply, facial.musculus zygomaticus major [NA], greater zygomatic m., musculus zygomaticus;
zygomaticus minor m. origin, zygomatic bone posterior to zygomaticomaxillary suture; insertion, orbicularis oris of upper lip; action, draws upper lip upward and outward; nerve supply, facial.musculus zygomaticus minor [NA], caput zygomaticum quadrati labii superioris, lesser zygomatic m;

muscle-bound muscle-bound (mus´el-bownd)

Denoting a condition in which individual muscles are overdeveloped but dyssynergic in concerted action.

muscle-trimming muscle-trimming

border molding

muscone muscone (mus´kon)

Muskone.

musculamine musculamine (mus´kyul-a-men)

spermine

muscular muscular (mus´kyu-lar)

1. Relating to a muscle or the muscles. 2. Having well developed musculature.

muscularis muscularis (mus-kyu-la´ris)

The muscular coat of a hollow organ or tubular structure. [Mod. L. muscular]
m. muco´sae the thin layer of smooth muscle found in most parts of the digestive tube located outside the m. propria mucosae and adjacent to the tela submucosa.lamina muscularis mucosae [NA], muscular layer of mucosa;

muscularity muscularity (mus´kyu-lar´i-te)

The state or condition of having well developed muscles.

musculature musculature (mus´kyu-la-chur)

The arrangement of the muscles in a part or in the body as a whole.

musculoaponeurotic musculoaponeurotic (mus´kyu-lo-ap´o-nu-rot´ik)

Relating to muscular tissue and an aponeurosis of origin or insertion.

musculocutaneous musculocutaneous (mus´kyu-lo-kyu-ta´ne-us)

Relating to both muscle and skin.myocutaneous, myodermal;

musculomembranous musculomembranous (mus´kyu-lo-mem´bra-nus)

Relating to both muscular tissue and membrane; denoting certain muscles, such as the occipitofrontalis, that are largely membranous.

musculophrenic musculophrenic (mus´kyu-lo-fren´ik)

Relating to the muscular portion of the diaphragm; denoting an artery supplying this part.

musculoskeletal musculoskeletal (mus´kyu-lo-skel´e-tal)

Relating to muscles and to the skeleton, as, for example, the m. system.

musculospiral musculospiral (mus´kyu-lo-spI´ral)

Denoting the musculospiral nerve. See radial nerve.

musculotendinous musculotendinous (mus´kyu-lo-ten´di-nus)

Relating to both muscular and tendinous tissues.

musculotropic musculotropic (mus´kyu-lo-trop´ik)

Affecting, acting upon, or attracted to muscular tissue.

musculus musculus, gen and pl. musculi (mus´kyu-lus, -kyu-lI) [NA]

muscleFor histologic description, see muscle [L. a little mouse, a muscle, fr. mus (mur-), a mouse]
mus´culi abdom´inis [NA] muscles of abdomen, under muscle
m. abduc´tor dig´iti min´imi ma´nus [NA] abductor digiti minimi muscle of hand
m. abduc´tor dig´iti min´imi pe´dis [NA] abductor digiti minimi muscle of foot
m. abduc´tor dig´iti quin´ti 1. abductor digiti minimi muscle of hand 2. abductor digiti minimi muscle of foot
m. abduc´tor hal´lucis [NA] abductor hallucis muscle
m. abduc´tor pol´licis bre´vis [NA] abductor pollicis brevis muscle
m. abduc´tor pol´licis lon´gus [NA] abductor pollicis longus muscle
m. adduc´tor bre´vis [NA] adductor brevis muscle
m. adduc´tor hal´lucis [NA] adductor hallucis muscle
m. adduc´tor lon´gus [NA] adductor longus muscle
m. adduc´tor mag´nus [NA] adductor magnus muscle
m. adduc´tor min´imus adductor minimus muscle
m. adduc´tor pol´licis [NA] adductor pollicis muscle
m. anco´neus [NA] anconeus muscle
m. antitrag´icus [NA] antitragicus muscle
mus´culi arrecto´res pilo´rum [NA] arrector pili muscles, under muscle
m. articula´ris [NA] articular muscle
m. articula´ris cu´biti [NA] articularis cubiti muscle
m. articula´ris ge´nus [NA] articularis genu muscle
m. aryepiglot´ticus [NA] aryepiglottic muscle
m. arytenoi´deus obli´quus [NA] oblique arytenoid muscle
m. arytenoi´deus transver´sus [NA] transverse arytenoid muscle
m. aryvoca´lis a number of the deeper fibers of the vocalis muscle attached directly to the outer side of the true vocal cord.
m. attol´lens au´rem , m. attol´lens auric´ulam superior auricular muscle
m. a´ttrahens au´rem , m. a´ttrahens auric´ulam anterior auricular muscle
m. auricula´ris ante´rior [NA] anterior auricular muscle
m. auricula´ris poste´rior [NA] posterior auricular muscle
m. auricula´ris supe´rior [NA] superior auricular muscle
m. az´ygos u´vulae uvulae muscle
m. bi´ceps bra´chii [NA] biceps brachii muscle
m. bi´ceps fem´oris [NA] biceps femoris muscle
m. bi´ceps flex´or cru´ris biceps femoris muscle
m. bipenna´tus [NA] bipennate muscle
m. biven´ter mandib´ulae digastric muscle
m. brachia´lis [NA] brachialis muscle
m. brachiocephal´icus in animals, a compound muscle passing from the brachium or humerus to the head and the dorsal cervical raphe; the clavicular insertion or clavicle subdivides the muscle.brachiocephalic muscle;
m. brachioradia´lis [NA] brachioradialis muscle
m. bronchoesopha´geus [NA] bronchoesophageal muscle
m. buccina´tor [NA] buccinator muscle
m. buccopharyn´geus See superior constrictor muscle of pharynx.
mus´culi bul´bi [NA] extraocular muscles, under muscle
m. bulbocaverno´sus bulbocavernosus muscle
m. bulbospongio´sus [NA] bulbocavernosus muscle
m. cani´nus levator anguli oris muscle
mus´culi cap´itis [NA] muscles of head, under muscle
m. cephalopharyn´geus superior constrictor muscle of pharynx
m. ceratocricoi´deus [NA] ceratocricoid muscle
m. ceratopharyn´geus See middle constrictor muscle of pharynx.
m. cervica´lis ascen´dens iliocostalis cervicis muscle
m. chondroglos´sus [NA] chondroglossus muscle
m. chondropharyn´geus See middle constrictor muscle of pharynx.
m. cilia´ris [NA] ciliary muscle
m. cleidoepitrochlea´ris the anterior portion of the deltoid, arising from the clavicle.
m. cleidomastoi´deus the portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle passing between the clavicle and the mastoid process.
m. cleido-occipita´lis the portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle between the clavicle and the superior nuchal line.
mus´culi coccyg´ei [NA] muscles of coccyx, under muscle
m. coccyg´eus [NA] coccygeus muscle
mus´culi col´li [NA] muscles of neck, under muscle
m. complex´us semispinalis capitis muscle
m. complex´us mi´nor longissimus capitis muscle
m. compres´sor na´ris See nasalis muscle.
m. compres´sor ure´thrae sphincter urethrae
m. constric´tor pharyn´gis infe´rior [NA] inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx
m. constric´tor pharyn´gis me´dius [NA] middle constrictor muscle of pharynx
m. constric´tor pharyn´gis supe´rior [NA] superior constrictor muscle of pharynx
m. constric´tor ure´thrae sphincter urethrae
m. coracobrachia´lis [NA] coracobrachialis muscle
m. corruga´tor cu´tis a´ni corrugator cutis muscle of anus
m. corruga´tor supercil´ii [NA] corrugator supercilii muscle
m. cremas´ter [NA] cremaster muscle
m. cricoarytenoi´deus latera´lis [NA] lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
m. cricoarytenoi´deus poste´rior [NA] posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
m. cricopharyn´geus See inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx.
m. cricothyroi´deus [NA] cricothyroid muscle
m. crucia´tus [NA] cruciate muscle
m. cutaneomuco´sus cutaneomucous muscle
m. cuta´neus [NA] cutaneous muscle
m. deltoi´deus [NA] deltoid muscle
m. depres´sor an´guli o´ris [NA] depressor anguli oris muscle
m. depres´sor la´bii inferio´ris [NA] depressor labii inferioris muscle
m. depres´sor sep´ti [NA] depressor septi muscle
m. depres´sor supercil´ii [NA] depressor supercilii muscle
m. detru´sor uri´nae detrusor muscle of urinary bladder
m. diaphrag´ma See diaphragm.
m. digas´tricus [NA] digastric muscle
m. dilata´tor dilator muscle
m. dila´tor dilator muscle
m. dila´tor i´ridis dilator pupillae muscle
m. dila´tor na´ris See nasalis muscle.
m. dila´tor pupil´lae [NA] dilator pupillae muscle
m. dila´tor pylo´ri gastroduodena´lis dilator muscle of pylorus
m. dila´tor pylo´ri ilea´lis dilator muscle of ileocecal sphincter
m. dila´tor tu´bae that portion of m. tensor veli palatini that attaches to the mucous membrane of the auditory tube; formerly described as a separate muscle.
mus´culi dor´si [NA] muscles of the back, under muscle
m. ejacula´tor sem´inis bulbocavernosus muscle
m. epicra´nius [NA] epicranius muscle
m. epitrochleoanco´neus an occasional muscle origin, from the back of the medial condyle of the humerus, and insertion into the medial side of the olecranon process.
m. erec´tor clitor´idis ischiocavernous muscle
m. erec´tor pe´nis ischiocavernous muscle
m. erec´tor spi´nae [NA] erector spinae muscles, under muscle
m. exten´sor bre´vis digito´rum extensor digitorum brevis muscle
m. exten´sor bre´vis pol´licis extensor pollicis brevis muscle
m. exten´sor car´pi radia´lis bre´vis [NA] extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle
m. exten´sor car´pi radia´lis lon´gus [NA] extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
m. exten´sor car´pi ulna´ris [NA] extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
m. exten´sor coccyg´is dorsal sacrococcygeus muscle
m. exten´sor dig´iti min´imi [NA] extensor digiti minimi muscle
m. exten´sor dig´iti quin´ti pro´prius extensor digiti minimi muscle
m. exten´sor digito´rum [NA] extensor digitorum muscle
m. exten´sor digito´rum bre´vis [NA] extensor digitorum brevis muscle
m. exten´sor digito´rum bre´vis ma´nus extensor digitorum brevis muscle of hand
m. exten´sor digito´rum commu´nis extensor digitorum muscle
m. exten´sor digito´rum lon´gus [NA] extensor digitorum longus muscle
m. exten´sor hal´lucis bre´vis [NA] extensor hallucis brevis muscle
m. exten´sor hal´lucis lon´gus [NA] extensor hallucis longus muscle
m. exten´sor in´dicis [NA] extensor indicis muscle
m. exten´sor in´dicis pro´prius extensor indicis muscle
m. exten´sor lon´gus digito´rum extensor digitorum longus muscle
m. exten´sor lon´gus pol´licis extensor pollicis longus muscle
m. exten´sor min´imi dig´iti extensor digiti minimi muscle
m. exten´sor os´sis metacar´pi pol´licis abductor pollicis longus muscle
m. exten´sor pol´licis bre´vis [NA] extensor pollicis brevis muscle
m. exten´sor pol´licis lon´gus [NA] extensor pollicis longus muscle
mus´culi facia´les [NA] muscles of facial expression, under muscle
m. fibula´ris brev´is [NA] peroneus brevis muscle
m. fibula´ris long´us [NA] peroneus longus muscle
m. fibula´ris ter´tius [NA] peroneus tertius muscle
m. flex´or accesso´rius [NA] quadratus plantae muscle
m. flex´or bre´vis digito´rum flexor digitorum brevis muscle
m. flex´or bre´vis hal´lucis flexor hallucis brevis muscle
m. flex´or car´pi radia´lis [NA] flexor carpi radialis muscle
m. flex´or car´pi ulna´ris [NA] flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
m. flex´or dig´iti min´imi brev´is ma´nus [NA] flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle of hand
m. flex´or dig´iti min´imi brev´is pe´dis [NA] flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle of foot
m. flex´or digito´rum bre´vis [NA] flexor digitorum brevis muscle
m. flex´or digito´rum lon´gus [NA] flexor digitorum longus muscle
m. flex´or digito´rum profun´dus [NA] flexor digitorum profundus muscle
m. flex´or digito´rum subli´mis flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
m. flex´or digito´rum superficia´lis [NA] flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
m. flex´or hal´lucis bre´vis [NA] flexor hallucis brevis muscle
m. flex´or hal´lucis lon´gus [NA] flexor hallucis longus muscle
m. flex´or lon´gus digito´rum flexor digitorum longus muscle
m. flex´or lon´gus hal´lucis flexor hallucis longus muscle
m. flex´or lon´gus pol´licis flexor pollicis longus muscle
m. flex´or pol´licis bre´vis [NA] flexor pollicis brevis muscle
m. flex´or pol´licis lon´gus [NA] flexor pollicis longus muscle
m. flex´or profun´dus flexor digitorum profundus muscle
m. flex´or subli´mis flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
m. fronta´lis See occipitofrontalis muscle.
m. fusifor´mis [NA] fusiform muscle
m. gastrocne´mius [NA] gastrocnemius muscle
m. gemel´lus infe´rior [NA] inferior gemellus muscle
m. gemel´lus supe´rior [NA] superior gemellus muscle
m. genioglos´sus [NA] genioglossus muscle
m. geniohyoglos´sus genioglossus muscle
m. geniohyoi´deus [NA] geniohyoid muscle
m. glossopalati´nus palatoglossus muscle
m. glossopharyn´geus See superior constrictor muscle of pharynx.
m. glu´teus max´imus [NA] gluteus maximus muscle
m. glu´teus me´dius [NA] gluteus medius muscle
m. glu´teus min´imus [NA] gluteus minimus muscle
m. grac´ilis [NA] gracilis muscle
m. hel´icis ma´jor [NA] helicis major muscle
m. hel´icis mi´nor [NA] helicis minor muscle
m. hyoglos´sus [NA] hyoglossus muscle
m. hypopharyn´geus See middle constrictor muscle of pharynx.
m. ili´acus [NA] iliacus muscle
m. ili´acus mi´nor iliacus minor muscle
m. iliocapsula´ris iliacus minor muscle
m. il´iococcyg´eus [NA] iliococcygeus muscle
m. iliocosta´lis [NA] iliocostalis muscle
m. iliocosta´lis cer´vicis [NA] iliocostalis cervicis muscle
m. iliocosta´lis dor´si iliocostalis thoracis muscle
m. iliocosta´lis lumbo´rum [NA] iliocostalis lumborum muscle
m. iliocosta´lis thora´cis [NA] iliocostalis thoracis muscle
m. iliopso´as [NA] iliopsoas muscle
m. incisi´vus la´bii inferior´is inferior incisive bundle of origin of orbicularis oris m.
m. incisi´vus la´bii superior´is superior incisive bundle of origin of orbicularis oris m.
m. incisu´rae hel´icis [NA] muscle of notch of helix
m. infracosta´lis, pl. musculi infracosta´les subcostal muscle
mus´culi infrahyoi´dei [NA] infrahyoid muscles, under muscle
m. infraspina´tus [NA] infraspinatus muscle
m. intercosta´les exter´ni, pl. mus´culi intercosta´les exter´ni [NA] external intercostal muscles, under muscle
m. intercosta´lis inter´nus, pl. mus´culi intercosta´les inter´ni [NA] internal intercostal muscle
m. intercosta´lis in´timus, pl. mus´culi intercosta´les in´timi [NA] innermost intercostal muscle
musculi interossei [NA] interosseous muscles, under muscle
musculi interos´sei dorsa´lis ma´nus, pl. mus´culi interos´sei dorsa´les ma´nus [NA] dorsal interosseous muscles of hand, under muscle
musculi interos´sei dorsa´lis pe´dis, pl. mus´culi interos´sei dorsa´les pe´dis [NA] dorsal interosseous muscles of foot, under muscle
m. interos´seus palma´ris, pl. mus´culi interos´sei palma´res [NA] palmar interosseous muscle
m. interos´seus planta´ris, pl. mus´culi interos´sei planta´res [NA] plantar interosseous muscle
m. interos´seus vola´ris palmar interosseous muscle
mus´culi interspina´les [NA] interspinales muscles, under muscle
m. interspina´lis cer´vicis [NA] cervical interspinales muscles, under muscle
m. interspina´lis lumbo´rum [NA] lumbar interspinales muscles, under muscle
m. interspina´lis thora´cis [NA] thoracic interspinales muscles, under muscle
m. intertra´gicus muscle of notch of helix
mus´culi intertransversa´rii [NA] intertransversarii muscles, under muscle
mus´culi intertransversa´rii anterio´res cer´vicis [NA] anterior cervical intertransversarii muscles, under muscle
mus´culi intertransversa´rii latera´les lumbo´rum [NA] lateral lumbar intertransversarii muscles, under muscle
mus´culi intertransversa´rii media´les lumbo´rum [NA] medial lumbar intertransversarii muscles, under muscle
mus´culi intertransversa´rii posterio´res cer´vicis [NA] posterior cervical intertransversarii muscles, under muscle
mus´culi intertransversa´rii thora´cis [NA] thoracic intertransversarii muscles, under muscle
m. ischiocaverno´sus [NA] ischiocavernous muscle
m. ischiococcyg´eus coccygeus muscle
m. keratopharyn´geus See middle constrictor muscle of pharynx.
mus´culi laryn´gis [NA] muscles of larynx, under muscle
m. laryngopharyn´geus inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx
m. latis´simus dor´si [NA] latissimus dorsi muscle
m. leva´tor a´lae na´si portion of m. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle inserting into wing of nose.
m. leva´tor an´guli o´ris [NA] levator anguli oris muscle
m. leva´tor an´guli scap´ulae levator scapulae muscle
m. leva´tor a´ni [NA] levator ani muscle
m. leva´tor cos´tae, pl. mus´culi levato´res costa´rum [NA] levatores costarum muscles, under muscle
mus´culi levato´res costa´rum levatores costarum muscles, under muscle
musculi levatores costarum breves short levatores costarum muscles, under muscle
musculi levatores costarum longi long levatores costarum muscles, under muscle
m. leva´tor glan´dulae thyroi´deae [NA] levator muscle of thyroid gland
m. leva´tor la´bii inferio´ris mentalis muscle
m. leva´tor la´bii superio´ris [NA] levator labii superioris muscle
m. leva´tor la´bii superio´ris alae´que na´si [NA] levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle
m. leva´tor pala´ti levator veli palatini muscle
m. leva´tor pal´pebrae superio´ris [NA] levator palpebrae superioris muscle
m. leva´tor pro´statae [NA] levator prostatae muscle
m. leva´tor scap´ulae [NA] levator scapulae muscle
m. leva´tor ve´li palati´ni [NA] levator veli palatini muscle
mus´culi lin´guae [NA] muscles of tongue, under muscle
m. longis´simus [NA] longissimus muscle
m. longis´simus cap´itis [NA] longissimus capitis muscle
m. longis´simus cer´vicis [NA] longissimus cervicis muscle
m. longis´simus dor´si longissimus thoracis muscle
m. longis´simus thora´cis [NA] longissimus thoracis muscle
m. longitudina´lis infe´rior [NA] inferior longitudinal muscle of tongue
m. longitudina´lis supe´rior [NA] superior longitudinal muscle of tongue
m. lon´gus cap´itis [NA] longus capitis muscle
m. lon´gus col´li [NA] longus colli muscle
m. lumbrica´lis ma´nus, pl. mus´culi lumbrica´les ma´nus [NA] lumbrical muscle of hand
m. lumbrica´lis pe´dis, pl. mus´culi lumbrica´les pe´dis [NA] lumbrical muscle of foot
m. masse´ter [NA] masseter muscle
m. menta´lis [NA] mentalis muscle
m. multif´idus [NA] multifidus muscle
m. multif´idus spi´nae multifidus muscle
m. multipenna´tus [NA] multipennate muscle
m. mylohyoi´deus [NA] mylohyoid muscle
m. mylopharyn´geus See superior constrictor muscle of pharynx.
m. nasa´lis [NA] nasalis muscle
m. obli´quus auric´ulae [NA] oblique auricular muscle
m. obli´quus cap´itis infe´rior [NA] obliquus capitis inferior muscle
m. obli´quus cap´itis supe´rior [NA] obliquus capitis superior muscle
m. obli´quus exter´nus abdom´inis [NA] external oblique muscle
m. obli´quus infe´rior [NA] inferior oblique muscle
m. obli´quus inter´nus abdom´inis [NA] internal oblique muscle
m. obli´quus supe´rior [NA] superior oblique muscle
m. obtura´tor exter´nus [NA] obturator externus muscle
m. obtura´tor inter´nus [NA] obturator internus muscle
m. occipita´lis See occipitofrontalis muscle.
m. occipitofronta´lis [NA] occipitofrontalis muscle
m. omohyoi´deus [NA] omohyoid muscle
m. oppo´nens dig´iti min´imi [NA] opponens digiti minimi muscle
m. oppo´nens dig´iti quin´ti opponens digiti minimi muscle
m. oppo´nens min´imi dig´iti opponens digiti minimi muscle
m. oppo´nens pol´licis [NA] opponens pollicis muscle
m. orbicula´ris [NA] orbicularis muscle
m. orbicula´ris oc´uli [NA] orbicularis oculi muscle
m. orbicula´ris o´ris [NA] orbicularis oris muscle
m. orbicula´ris palpebra´rum orbicularis oculi muscle
m. orbita´lis [NA] orbitalis muscle
m. orbitopalpebra´lis levator palpebrae superioris muscle
mus´culi ossiculo´rum audi´tus [NA] muscles of auditory ossicles, under muscle
m. palatoglos´sus [NA] palatoglossus muscle
m. palatopharyn´geus [NA] palatopharyngeus muscle
m. palatosalpin´geus tensor veli palati muscle
m. palatostaphyli´nus a bundle of muscular fibers from the tensor veli palatini joining the m. uvulae.
m. palma´ris bre´vis [NA] palmaris brevis muscle
m. palma´ris lon´gus [NA] palmaris longus muscle
m. papilla´ris [NA] papillary muscle
mus´culi pectina´ti [NA] pectinate muscles, under muscle
m. pectin´eus [NA] pectineus muscle
m. pectora´lis ma´jor [NA] pectoralis major muscle
m. pectora´lis mi´nor [NA] pectoralis minor muscle
mus´culi perine´i [NA] perineal muscles, under muscle
m. peroneocalca´neus an occasional muscle arising from the shaft of the fibula and inserted into the calcaneus.
m. perone´us bre´vis [NA] peroneus brevis muscle
m. perone´us lon´gus [NA] peroneus longus muscle
m. perone´us ter´tius [NA] peroneus tertius muscle
m. petropharyn´geus an occasional accessory levator muscle of the pharynx, arising from the undersurface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and inserted into the pharynx.
m. petrostaphyli´nus levator veli palatini muscle
m. pharyngopalati´nus palatopharyngeus muscle
m. pirifor´mis [NA] piriformis muscle
m. planta´ris [NA] plantaris muscle
m. platys´ma platysma muscle
m. platys´ma myoi´des platysma muscle
m. pleuroesopha´geus [NA] pleuroesophageal muscle
m. poplit´eus [NA] popliteus muscle
m. proce´rus [NA] procerus muscle
m. prona´tor pe´dis quadratus plantae muscle
m. prona´tor quadra´tus [NA] pronator quadratus muscle
m. prona´tor ra´dii te´res pronator teres muscle
m. prona´tor te´res [NA] pronator teres muscle
m. prostat´icus muscular substance of prostate
m. pso´as ma´jor [NA] psoas major muscle
m. pso´as mi´nor [NA] psoas minor muscle
m. pterygoi´deus exter´nus lateral pterygoid muscle
m. pterygoi´deus inter´nus medial pterygoid muscle
m. pterygoi´deus latera´lis [NA] lateral pterygoid muscle
m. pterygoi´deus media´lis [NA] medial pterygoid muscle
m. pterygopharyn´geus See superior constrictor muscle of pharynx.
m. pterygospino´sus a muscular slip, occasionally present, passing between the spine of the sphenoid bone and the posterior margin of the lateral pterygoid plate.
m. pubococcyg´eus [NA] pubococcygeus muscle
m. puboprostat´icus [NA] puboprostatic muscle
m. puborecta´lis [NA] puborectalis muscle
m. pubovagina´lis [NA] pubovaginalis muscle
m. pubovesica´lis [NA] pubovesicalis muscle
m. pyramida´lis [NA] pyramidalis muscle
m. pyramida´lis auric´ulae [NA] pyramidal auricular muscle
m. pyramida´lis na´si procerus muscle
m. pyrifor´mis piriformis muscle
m. quadra´tus [NA] quadratus muscle
m. quadra´tus fem´oris [NA] quadratus femoris muscle
m. quadra´tus la´bii inferio´ris depressor labii inferioris muscle
m. quadra´tus la´bii superior´is composed of three heads usually described as three separate muscles; they are the caput angulare or levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle; caput infraorbitale or levator labii superioris muscle; caput zygomaticum or zygomaticus minor muscle.quadrate muscle of upper lip;
m. quadra´tus lumbo´rum [NA] quadratus lumborum muscle
m. quadra´tus men´ti depressor labii inferioris muscle
m. quadra´tus plan´tae [NA] quadratus plantae muscle
m. quad´riceps exten´sor fem´oris quadriceps femoris muscle
m. quad´riceps fem´oris [NA] quadriceps femoris muscle
m. rectococcyg´eus [NA] rectococcygeus muscle
m. rectourethra´lis [NA] rectourethralis muscle
m. rectouteri´nus [NA] rectouterine muscle
m. rectovesica´lis [NA] rectovesicalis muscle
m. rec´tus abdom´inis [NA] rectus abdominis muscle
m. rec´tus cap´itis ante´rior [NA] rectus capitis anterior muscle
m. rec´tus cap´itis anti´cus ma´jor longus capitis muscle
m. rectus cap´itis anti´cus mi´nor rectus capitis anterior muscle
m. rec´tus cap´itis latera´lis [NA] rectus capitis lateralis muscle
m. rec´tus cap´itis poste´rior ma´jor [NA] rectus capitis posterior major muscle
m. rec´tus cap´itis poste´rior mi´nor [NA] rectus capitis posterior minor muscle
m. rec´tus cap´itis posti´cus ma´jor rectus capitis posterior major muscle
m. rec´tus cap´itis posti´cus mi´nor rectus capitis posterior minor muscle
m. rec´tus exter´nus lateral rectus muscle
m. rec´tus fem´oris [NA] rectus femoris muscle
m. rec´tus infe´rior [NA] inferior rectus muscle
m. rec´tus inter´nus medial rectus muscle
m. rec´tus latera´lis [NA] lateral rectus muscle
m. rec´tus media´lis [NA] medial rectus muscle
m. rec´tus supe´rior [NA] superior rectus muscle
m. rec´tus thora´cis sternalis muscle
m. ret´rahens au´rem , m. ret´rahens auric´ulam posterior auricular muscle
m. rhomboatloi´deus an occasional muscle arising with the rhomboids from the cervical and thoracic vertebrae and inserted into the atlas.
m. rhomboi´deus ma´jor [NA] rhomboideus major muscle
m. rhomboi´deus mi´nor [NA] rhomboid minor muscle
m. riso´rius [NA] risorius muscle
mus´culi rotato´res [NA] rotatores muscles, under muscle
mus´culi rotato´res cer´vicis [NA] rotatores cervicis muscles, under muscle
mus´culi rotato´res lumbo´rum [NA] rotatores lumborum muscles, under muscle
mus´culi rotato´res thora´cis [NA] rotatores thoracis muscles, under muscle
m. sacrococcyg´eus ante´rior ventral sacrococcygeus muscle
m. sacrococcyg´eus dorsa´lis [NA] dorsal sacrococcygeus muscle
m. sacrococcyg´eus poste´rior dorsal sacrococcygeus muscle
m. sacrococcyg´eus ventra´lis [NA] ventral sacrococcygeus muscle
m. sacrolumba´lis iliocostalis lumborum muscle
m. sacrospina´lis erector spinae muscles, under muscle
m. salpingopharyn´geus [NA] salpingopharyngeus muscle
m. sarto´rius [NA] sartorius muscle
m. scale´nus ante´rior [NA] scalenus anterior muscle
m. scale´nus anti´cus scalenus anterior muscle
m. scale´nus me´dius [NA] scalenus medius muscle
m. scale´nus min´imus [NA] scalenus minimus muscle
m. scale´nus poste´rior [NA] scalenus posterior muscle
m. scale´nus posti´cus scalenus posterior muscle
m. semimembrano´sus [NA] semimembranosus muscle
m. semispina´lis [NA] semispinalis muscle
m. semispina´lis cap´itis [NA] semispinalis capitis muscle
m. semispina´lis cer´vicis [NA] semispinalis cervicis muscle
m. semispina´lis col´li semispinalis cervicis muscle
m. semispina´lis dor´si semispinalis thoracis muscle
m. semispina´lis thora´cis [NA] semispinalis thoracis muscle
m. semitendino´sus [NA] semitendinosus muscle
m. serra´tus ante´rior [NA] serratus anterior muscle
m. serra´tus mag´nus serratus anterior muscle
m. serra´tus poste´rior infe´rior [NA] serratus posterior inferior muscle
m. serra´tus poste´rior supe´rior [NA] serratus posterior superior muscle
m. skel´eti skeletal muscle
m. sol´eus [NA] soleus muscle
m. sphenosalpingostaphyli´nus tensor veli palati muscle
m. sphinc´ter [NA] sphincter
m. sphinc´ter am´pullae hepatopancrea´ticae [NA] sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla
m. sphinc´ter a´ni exter´nus [NA] external anal sphincter
m. sphinc´ter a´ni inter´nus [NA] internal anal sphincter
m. sphinc´ter duc´tus choledo´chi [NA] sphincter of common bile duct
m. sphinc´ter duc´tus pancrea´tici sphincter of pancreatic duct
m. sphinc´ter o´ris orbicularis oris muscle
m. sphinc´ter pupil´lae [NA] sphincter pupillae
m. sphinc´ter pylo´ri [NA] pyloric sphincter
m. sphinc´ter ure´thrae [NA] sphincter urethrae
m. sphinc´ter ure´thrae membrana´ceae sphincter urethrae
m. sphinc´ter vagi´nae 1. bulbocavernosus muscle 2. deep transverse perineal muscle
m. sphinc´ter vesi´cae sphincter vesicae
m. spina´lis [NA] spinalis muscle
m. spina´lis cap´itis [NA] spinalis capitis muscle
m. spina´lis cer´vicis [NA] spinalis cervicis muscle
m. spina´lis col´li spinalis cervicis muscle
m. spina´lis dor´si spinalis thoracis muscle
m. spina´lis thora´cis [NA] spinalis thoracis muscle
m. sple´nius cap´itis [NA] splenius capitis muscle
m. sple´nius cer´vicis [NA] splenius cervicis muscle
m. sple´nius col´li splenius cervicis muscle
m. stape´dius [NA] stapedius muscle
m. sterna´lis [NA] sternalis muscle
m. sternochondroscapula´ris sternochondroscapular muscle
m. sternoclavicula´ris sternoclavicular muscle
m. sternocleidomastoi´deus [NA] sternocleidomastoid muscle
m. sternofascia´lis an occasional muscular slip arising from the manubrium of the sternum and inserted into the fascia of the neck.
m. sternohyoi´deus [NA] sternohyoid muscle
m. sternothyroi´deus [NA] sternothyroid muscle
m. styloauricula´ris styloauricular muscle
m. styloglos´sus [NA] styloglossus muscle
m. stylohyoi´deus [NA] stylohyoid muscle
m. stylolaryn´geus that part of the stylopharyngeus which is inserted into the thyroid cartilage.
m. stylopharyn´geus [NA] stylopharyngeus muscle
m. subcla´vius [NA] subclavius muscle
m. subcosta´lis, pl. mus´culi subcosta´les [NA] subcostal muscle
m. subcuta´neus col´li platysma muscle
mus´culi suboccipita´les [NA] suboccipital muscles, under muscle
m. subscapula´ris [NA] subscapularis muscle
m. supina´tor [NA] supinator muscle
m. supina´tor lon´gus obsolete and inaccurate term for brachioradialis muscle.
m. supina´tor ra´dii brev´is supinator muscle
m. supraclavicula´ris supraclavicular muscle
mus´culi suprahyoi´dei [NA] suprahyoid muscles, under muscle
m. supraspina´lis supraspinalis muscle
m. supraspina´tus [NA] supraspinatus muscle
m. suspenso´rius duode´ni [NA] suspensory muscle of duodenum
m. tarsa´lis infe´rior [NA] inferior tarsal muscle
m. tarsa´lis supe´rior [NA] superior tarsal muscle
m. tempora´lis [NA] temporalis muscle
m. temporoparieta´lis [NA] temporoparietalis muscle See also anterior auricular muscle, superior auricular muscle.
m. ten´sor fas´ciae fem´oris tensor fasciae latae muscle
m. ten´sor fas´ciae la´tae [NA] tensor fasciae latae muscle
m. ten´sor pala´ti tensor veli palati muscle
m. ten´sor tar´si lacrimal part of orbicularis oculi muscle See orbicularis oculi muscle.
m. ten´sor tym´pani [NA] tensor tympani muscle
m. ten´sor ve´li palati´ni [NA] tensor veli palati muscle
m. te´res ma´jor [NA] teres major muscle
m. te´res mi´nor [NA] teres minor muscle
m. tetrago´nus platysma muscle
mus´culi thora´cis [NA] muscles of thorax, under muscle
m. thyroarytenoi´deus [NA] thyroarytenoid muscle
m. thyroarytenoi´deus exter´nus thyroarytenoid muscle
m. thyroarytenoi´deus inter´nus vocalis muscle
m. thyroepiglot´ticus [NA] thyroepiglottic muscle
m. thyrohyoi´deus [NA] thyrohyoid muscle
m. thyropharyn´geus See inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx.
m. tibia´lis ante´rior [NA] tibialis anterior muscle
m. tibia´lis anti´cus tibialis anterior muscle
m. tibia´lis gra´cilis plantaris muscle
m. tibia´lis poste´rior [NA] tibialis posterior muscle
m. tibia´lis posti´cus tibialis posterior muscle
m. tibia´lis secun´dus an inconstant muscle, of small size, arising from the back of the tibia and inserted into the articular capsule of the ankle joint.second tibial muscle;
m. tibiofascia´lis ante´rior , m. tibiofascia´lis anti´cus separate fibers of the tibialis anterior inserted into the fascia of the dorsum of the foot.
m. trachea´lis [NA] trachealis muscle
m. tracheloclavicula´ris tracheloclavicular muscle
m. trachelomastoi´deus longissimus capitis muscle
m. tra´gicus [NA] tragicus muscle
m. transversa´lis abdom´inis transversus abdominis muscle
m. transversa´lis cap´itis longissimus capitis muscle
m. transversa´lis cer´vicis , m. transversa´lis col´li longissimus cervicis muscle
m. transversa´lis na´si See nasalis muscle.
m. transversospina´lis [NA] transversospinalis muscle
m. transver´sus abdom´inis [NA] transversus abdominis muscle
m. transver´sus auric´ulae [NA] transverse auricular muscle
m. transver´sus lin´guae [NA] transverse muscle of tongue
m. transver´sus men´ti [NA] transversus menti muscle
m. transver´sus nu´chae [NA] transversus nuchae muscle
m. transver´sus perine´i profun´dus [NA] deep transverse perineal muscle
m. transver´sus perine´i superficia´lis [NA] superficial transverse perineal muscle
m. transver´sus thora´cis [NA] transversus thoracis muscle
m. trape´zius [NA] trapezius muscle
m. triangula´ris 1. [NA] triangular muscle (1) 2. depressor anguli oris muscle
m. triangula´ris la´bii inferior´is depressor anguli oris muscle
m. triangula´ris la´bii superior´is levator anguli oris muscle
m. triangula´ris ster´ni transversus thoracis muscle
m. tri´ceps bra´chii [NA] triceps brachii muscle
m. tri´ceps cox´ae triceps coxae muscle
m. tri´ceps su´rae [NA] triceps surae muscle
m. triticeoglos´sus an occasional thin band of muscular fibers passing between the root of the tongue and the triticeal cartilage.Bochdalek's muscle;
m. unipenna´tus [NA] unipennate muscle
m. u´vulae [NA] uvulae muscle
m. vas´tus exter´nus vastus lateralis muscle
m. vas´tus interme´dius [NA] vastus intermedius muscle
m. vas´tus inter´nus vastus medialis muscle
m. vas´tus latera´lis [NA] vastus lateralis muscle
m. vas´tus media´lis [NA] vastus medialis muscle
m. ventricula´ris fibers of the thyroarytenoid which pass into the vestibular fold (false vocal cord).
m. vertica´lis lin´guae [NA] vertical muscle of tongue
m. voca´lis [NA] vocalis muscle
m. zygomat´icus zygomaticus major muscle
m. zygomat´icus ma´jor [NA] zygomaticus major muscle
m. zygomat´icus mi´nor [NA] zygomaticus minor muscle

mushbite mushbite (mush´bIt)

A maxillomandibular record made by introducing a mass of soft wax into the patient's mouth and instructing the patient to bite into it to the desired degree; not a generally accepted procedure.

musicotherapy musicotherapy (myu´sik-o-thar´a-pe)

An adjunctive treatment of mental disorders by means of music.

Musset Musset

L.C. Alfred de, French poet, 1810-1857; person in whom Musset's sign was studied. See M.'s sign.

mussitation mussitation (mus-i-ta´shun)

Movements of the lips as if speaking, but without sound; observed in delirium and in semicoma. [L. mussito, to murmur constantly, fr. musso, pp. -atus, to mutter]

Mussy Mussy

See Guéneau de Mussy.

must must (must)

Unfermented juice of the grape or other fruits. [L. mustum, new wine, ntr. of mustus, fresh]

Mustard Mustard

W.T., Canadian thoracic surgeon, *1914. See M. operation, procedure.

mustard mustard (mus´tard)

1. The dried ripe seeds of Brassica alba (white m.) and B. nigra (black m.) (family Cruciferae). 2. mustard gas [O. Fr. moustarde, fr. L. mustum, must]
black m. the dried ripe seed of Brassica nigra or of B. juncea; it is the source of allyl isothiocyanate; it contains sinigrin (potassium myronate); myrosin; sinapine sulfocyanate; erucic, behenic, and synapolic acids; and fixed oil; a prompt emetic, a rubefacient, and a condiment.
m. chlorohydrin hemisulfur m
hemisulfur m. 2-(2-chloroethylthio)ethanol;an antineoplastic agent.m. chlorohydrin, semisulfur m;
nitrogen m.'s compounds of the general formula R- N(CH₂CH₂C1) the prototype is HN-2 nitrogen m., mechlorethamine, in which R is CH₃. Some have been used therapeutically for their destructive action upon lymphoid tissue in lymphosarcoma, leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and certain other cancers; most are blister agents. See also mechlorethamine hydrochloride.
semisulfur m. hemisulfur m
sulfur m. mustard gas
uracil m. See uracil mustard.
white m. the ripe seeds of Brassica (Sinapis) alba; less pungent than black m., but with the same constituents and uses.

mustard oil mustard oil

Term applied to any of the organic isothiocyanates in general, but more specifically to allyl isothiocyanate; such oils are metabolically convertible to thiocyanates and may thus lead to goiter.
expressed m.o. the fixed oil expressed from the seeds of Brassica alba and B. nigra; it contains the glycerides of oleic, arachidic, and other fatty acids; used as salad oil and in the manufacture of oleomargarine.
volatile m.o. allyl isothiocyanate

mustine hydrochloride mustine hydrochloride (mus´ten)

mechlorethamine hydrochloride

mutacism mutacism (myu´ta-sizm)

mytacism

mutagen mutagen (myu´ta-jen)

Any agent that promotes a mutation or causes an increase in the rate of mutational events, e.g., radioactive substances, x-rays, or certain chemicals. [L. muto, to change, + G. -gen, producing]
frame-shift m. a m., such as an acridine derivative, that causes a reading-frame-shift mutation; codons (base triplets) are read out of phase and different amino acids are made.

mutagenesis mutagenesis (myu-ta-jen´e-sis)

Production of a mutation.
cassette m. the production of mutants within a region (often bounded by unique restriction sites) by the use of synthetic oligonucleotides that fill the gap with mutants designed into the synthetic genetic material.
insertional m. mutation caused by insertion of new genetic material into a normal gene, particularly of retroviruses into chromosomal DNA.
site-directed m. the controlled alterations of selected regions of a DNA molecule.

mutagenesis mutagenesis (mu´ta-jen´e-sis)

Production of genetic alterations by using chemicals or radiation.

mutagenic mutagenic (myu-ta-jen´ik)

Promoting mutation.

mutant mutant (myu´tant)

1. A phenotype in which a mutation is manifested. 2. A gene that is rare and usually harmful, in contrast to a wild-type gene, not necessarily generated recently.
active m. a m. with overt phenotypic expression.
amber m. a m. with a mutation resulting in a UAG codon.
auxotrophic m. m. with a nutritional requirement not present in the wild type organism.defective organism, deficiency m;
cold-sensitive m. a m. that is defective at low temperature but functional at normal temperature. Cf. temperature-sensitive m.
conditional-lethal m. conditionally lethal m
conditionally lethal m. a viral m. that can replicate under some (permissive) conditions but not under other (restrictive or nonpermissive) conditions, the parent (wild type) strain being able to replicate under both conditions. See suppressor-sensitive m., temperature-sensitive m.conditional-lethal m;
deficiency m. auxotrophic m
inactive m. a m. that is not phenotypically manifest.silent m;
petite m. a m. with a mutation that caused the microorganism to grow very slowly or to form small colonies. [Fr. small]
quick-stop m. a bacterial m. that ceases replication immediately when the temperature reaches a certain level. Cf. temperature-sensitive m.
silent m. inactive m
suppressor-sensitive m. a conditionally lethal, host range, bacteriophage m. that produces nonsense codons and can replicate only in a host bacterium able to translate the nonsense codon; the mutation's effects are lethal (i.e., prevent replication of the virus) in a bacterium without such a suppressor mechanism.
temperature-sensitive m. a viral m. that is able to replicate at one portion of a temperature range but not at another, the parent (wild type) strain being able to replicate over the whole temperature range. Cf. cold-sensitive m., quick-stop m.
uninducible m. a m. that cannot be induced.
virulent phage m. a m. of a phage that is unable to establish lysogeny.

mutarotase mutarotase (myu´ta-ro-tas)

aldose 1-epimerase

mutarotation mutarotation (myu´ta-ro-ta´shun)

The process of changing specific rotation at a given wavelength; e.g., a solution of a-d-glucose recrystallized from its solution in acetic acid and freshly dissolved in water gives a rotation of [a]20_D = +112.2°, but when recrystallized from a boiling aqueous solution (as the beta-form) it shows an initial rotation of [a]20_D = +18.7°; either solution upon standing slowly changes its specific rotation to a value of [a]20_D = +52.7°, indicating a mixture of the two.birotation, multirotation;

mutase mutase (myu´tas)

Any enzyme that catalyzes the apparent migration of groups within one molecule, e.g., phosphoglycerate phosphomutase; sometimes the transfer is from one molecule to another, e.g., phosphoglucomutase, phosphoglyceromutase (both phosphotransferases).

mutation mutation (myu-ta´shun)

1. A change in the chemistry of a gene that is perpetuated in subsequent divisions of the cell in which it occurs; a change in the sequence of base pairs in the chromosomal molecule. 2. De Vries' term for the sudden production of a species, as distinguished from variation. [L. muto, pp. -atus, to change]
addition m. reading-frame-shift m
addition-deletion m. reading-frame-shift m
amber m. a m. that results in the formation of the codon UAG, which results in the premature termination of a polypeptide chain. Cf. suppressor m.
back m. reversion of a gene to an ancestral form due to further m. to the original codon or one coding for the same amino acid.reverse m;
deletion m. reading-frame-shift m
frame-shift m. reading-frame-shift m
induced m. a m. caused by exposure to a mutagen.
lethal m. a mutant trait that leads to a phenotype incompatible with effective reproduction.
missense m. a m. in which a base change or substitution results in a codon that causes insertion of a different amino acid into the growing polypeptide chain, giving rise to an altered protein. [mis-sense by analogy with non-sense]
natural m. spontaneous m
neutral m. a m. with a negligible impact on genetic fitness.
new m. redundant term for a heritable trait present in the offspring but in neither parent, i.e., not a pre-existing mutant form inherited.
nonsense m. suppressor m
ochre m. a m. yielding the termination codon UAA, resulting in premature termination of a polypeptide chain. Cf. suppressor m.
opal m. umber m
point m. a m. that involves a single nucleotide; it may consist of loss of a nucleotide, substitution of one nucleotide for another, or the insertion of an additional nucleotide.
reading-frame-shift m. a m. that results from insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide into, or from, the normal DNA sequence; since the genetic code is read three nucleotides at a time, all nucleotide triplets distal to the mutation will be one step out of phase and misread, and hence translated as different amino acids.addition m., addition-deletion m., deletion m., frame-shift m;
reverse m. back m
silent m. the form of a genetic trait distinguishable at the genotypic level but not at the level of arbitrary phenotype (e.g., clinical, immunological, or electrophoretic).
site specific m. an alteration of the structure of a gene at a specific sequence, usually referring to experimentally produced changes in gene sequence.
somatic m. a m. occurring in the general body cells (as opposed to the germ cells) and hence not transmitted to progeny.
spontaneous m. a m. that arises naturally and not as a result of exposure to mutagens.natural m;
suppressor m. 1. A m. that alters the anticodon in a tRNA so that it is complementary to a termination codon, thus suppressing termination of the amino acid chain. Cf. amber m., ochre m., umber m. 2. Genetic changes such that the effect of a m. in one place can be overcome by a second m. in another location. There are two types: intergenic suppression (occurring in a different gene) and intragenic suppression (occurring in the same gene but at a different site).nonsense m;
transition m. a point m. involving substitution of one base-pair for another, i.e., replacement of one purine for another and of one pyrimidine for another pyrimidine without change in the purine-pyrimidine orientation.
transversion m. a point m. involving base substitution in which the orientation of purine and pyrimidine is reversed, in contradistinction to transition m.
umber m. a m. yielding the termination codon UGA, resulting in premature termination of a polypeptide chain. Cf. suppressor m. opal m;
up promoter m. a m. that increases the frequency of initiation of transcription.

mute mute (myut)

1. Unable or unwilling to speak. 2. A person who has not the faculty of speech. [L. mutus]

mutein mutein (myu´ten)

General, little-used term for a protein arising as a result of a mutation. [mutation + protein]

mutilation mutilation (myu-ti-la´shun)

Disfigurement or injury by removal or destruction of any conspicuous or essential part of the body. [L. mutilatio, fr. mutilo, pp. -atus, to maim]

mutism mutism (myu´tizm)

1. The state of being silent. 2. Organic or functional absence of the faculty of speech. [L. mutus, mute]
akinetic m. subacute or chronic state of altered consciousness, in which the patient appears alert intermittently, but is not responsive, although his/her descending motor pathways appear intact; due to lesions of various cerebral structures.coma vigil;
elective m. m. due to psychogenic causes.voluntary m;
voluntary m. elective m

muton muton (myu´ton)

In genetics, the smallest unit of a chromosome in which alteration can be effective in causing a mutation. [mutation + -on]

mutualism mutualism (myu´tyu-al-izm)

Symbiotic relationship in which both species derive benefit. Cf. commensalism, metabiosis, parasitism.

mutualist mutualist (myu´tyu-al-ist)

symbion [L. mutuus, in return, mutual]

muzzle muzzle (muz´l)

The snout of an animal.

Mv Mv

Obsolete abbreviation for mendelevium.

mV mV

Abbreviation for millivolt.

MVV MVV

Abbreviation for maximum voluntary ventilation.

MW MW

Abbreviation for molecular weight.

myalgia myalgia (mI-al´je-a)

Muscular pain.myodynia, myoneuralgia, myosalgia; [G. mys, muscle, + algos, pain]
epidemic m. epidemic pleurodynia
m. ther´mica heat cramps, under cramp

myasthenia myasthenia (mI-as-the´ne-a)

Muscular weakness. [G. mys, muscle, + astheneia, weakness]
m. angiosclerot´ica intermittent claudication
m. gravis disorder of neuromuscular transmission, marked by fluctuating weakness, especially of the oculofacial muscles and the proximal limb muscles; the weakness characteristically increases with activity; due to an immunological disorder.Goldflam disease;

myasthenic myasthenic (mI´as-then´ik)

Relating to myasthenia.

myatonia myatonia , myatony (mI-a-to´ne-a, mI-at´o-ne)

Abnormal extensibility of a muscle. [G. mys, muscle, + a priv. + tonos, tone]
m. congen´ita amyotonia congenita (1)

myatrophy myatrophy (mI-at´ro-fe)

muscular atrophy

mycelia mycelia (mI-se´le-a)

Plural of mycelium.

mycelian mycelian (mI-se´le-an)

Pertaining to a mycelium.

mycelioid mycelioid (mI-se´le-oyd)

Resembling a mycelium. [mycelium + G. eidos, resemblance]

mycelium mycelium, pl. mycelia (mI-se´le-um, -a)

The mass of hyphae making up a colony of fungi. [G. mykes, fungus, + helos, nail, wart, excrescence on animal or plant]
aerial m. the portion of m. that grows upward or outward from the surface of the substrate, and from which propagative spores develop in or on characteristic structures that are distinctive for various generic groups.
nonseptate m. one in which there are no septa, or "cross-walls," in the hyphae; inasmuch as the latter are not divided into numerous individual cells, the multinucleated protoplasm may flow throughout the tubelike structures.
septate m. one in which septa, or "cross-walls," divide the hyphae into numerous uninucleated or multinucleated cells.

mycet- mycet- , myceto-

Fungus. See also myco-. [G. mykes, fungus]

mycete mycete (mI´set)

A fungus. [G. mykes, fungus]

mycetism mycetism , mycetis´mus (mI´se-tizm, -tiz´mus)

Poisoning by certain species of mushrooms.muscarinism; [G. mykes, fungus]
m. cerebra´lis a condition characterized by transient hallucinogenic symptoms following ingestion of mushrooms such as Psilocybe and Panaeolus.
m. cholifor´mis a severe and occasionally fatal illness due to the consumption of Amanita phalloides and other poisonous mushroom species.
m. gastrointestina´lis a relatively mild type of mushroom poisoning characterized by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea and caused by eating certain species of Boletus, Lactarius, Entoloma, and Lepiota.
m. nervo´sa mushroom poisoning that involves the parasympathetic nervous system and causes gastrointestinal distress, after consumption of species such as Amanita, Inocybe, and Clitocybe.
m. sanguina´reus a transient hemoglobinuria and jaundice caused by eating the mushroom Helvella esculenta, either raw or cooked.

mycetogenetic mycetogenetic , mycetogenic (mI-se´to-je-net´ik, mI´se-to-; -jen´ik)

Caused by fungi.mycetogenous; [G. mykes, fungus, + gennetos, begotten]

mycetogenous mycetogenous (mI-se-toj´e-nus)

mycetogenetic

mycetoma mycetoma (mI-se-to´ma)

1. A chronic infection involving the feet and characterized by the formation of localized lesions with tumefactions and multiple draining sinuses. The exudate contains granules that may be yellow, white, red, brown, or black, depending upon the causative agent. M. is caused by two principal groups of microorganisms: 1) actinomycotic m. is caused by actinomycetes, including species of Streptomyces, Actinomadurae, and Nocardia, 2) eumycotic mycetoma is caused by true fungi, including species of Madurella, Exophiala, Pseudallescheria, Curvularia, Neotestudina, Pyrenochaeta, Aspergillus, Leptosphaeria, Plemodomus, Polycytella, Fusarium, Phialophora, Corynespora, Cylindrocarpon, Pseudochaetosphaeronema, Bipolaris, and Acremonium.fungous foot, Madura boil, Madura foot, maduromycosis; 2. Any tumor with draining sinuses produced by filamentous fungi.
Bouffardi's black m. an obsolete term for a chronic infection, usually involving the feet. See mycetoma (1).
Bouffardi's white m. a form of mycetoma common in India and found occasionally in Somalia, caused by the organism Streptomyces somaliensis; in this variety, the muscles, tendons, and bones of the foot are destroyed by the disease process; numerous draining sinuses discharge yellowish grains, clustered like fish roe.
Brumpt's white m. m. caused by Pseudallescheria boydii, occurring in temperate and subtropical areas in India; small, white to yellow, hard to soft granules are discharged through the draining sinuses.
Carter's black m. m. caused by Madurella mycetomatis which is prevalent in Italy, parts of Africa, and India; the exuded granules are black.
Nicolle's white m. m. caused by a species of Aspergillus, and producing relatively large granules, about the size of a pea; infection occurs from barley grain.
Vincent's white m. m. caused by Actinomadura madurae and occurring in North Africa, India, the Argentine, and Cuba.

mycid mycid (mI´sid)

An allergic reaction to a remote focus of mycotic infection. [G. mykes, fungus, + -id]

myco- myco-

Fungus. See also mycet-. [G. mykes, fungus]

mycobacteria mycobacteria (mI´ko-bak-te´re-a)

Organisms belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
atypical m. species of mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis or M. bovis that can cause disease in immunocompromised humans.
group I m. m. that produce a bright yellow color when grown in the presence of light. Organisms placed in this group appear to belong to the species Mycobacterium kansasii.photochromogens;
group II m. m. that produce a yellow pigment even when grown in the dark; when grown in the light, the pigment is orange. These organisms behave as do saprophytes in humans and are nonpathogenic to laboratory animals.scotochromogens;
group III m. m. that are either colorless or that slowly produce a light yellow pigment when grown in the presence of light. Organisms placed in this group belong to the species Mycobacterium intracellulare.nonchromogens;
group IV m. m. that grow rapidly and that do not produce pigment. Organisms placed in this group belong to such species as Mycobacterium ulcerans and M. marinum.

Mycobacteriaceae Mycobacteriaceae (mI´ko-bak-ter-e-a´se-e)

A family of aerobic bacteria (order Actinomycetales) containing Gram-positive, spherical to rod-shaped cells. Branching does not occur under ordinary cultural conditions. They may or may not be acid-fast. They occur in soil and dairy products and as parasites on man and other animals. The type genus is Mycobacterium.

mycobacteriosis mycobacteriosis (mI´ko-bak-ter´e-o´sis)

Infection with mycobacteria.

Mycobacterium Mycobacterium (mI´ko-bak-ter´e-um)

A genus of aerobic, nonmotile bacteria (family Mycobacteriaceae) containing Gram-positive, acid-fast, slender, straight or slightly curved rods; slender filaments occasionally occur, but branched forms rarely are produced. Parasitic and saprophytic species occur. A number of species are associated with infections in immunocompromised people, especially those with AIDS. The type species is M. tuberculosis. It is the type genus of the family Mycobacteriaceae. [myco- + bacterium]
M. absces´sus M. chelonae subsp. abscessus
M. a´vium a species causing tuberculosis in fowl and other birds. Recently linked to opportunistic infections in humans.tubercle bacillus (3);
M. avium-intracellulare complex an opportunistic agent of people with AIDS. Difficult to treat because Mycobacterium is resistant to many antibiotics. May also cause chronic lower respiratory tract infections.
M. bo´vis a species that is the primary cause of tuberculosis in cattle; transmissible to humans and other animals, causing tuberculosis.tubercle bacillus (2);
M. chelo´nae rapid-growing mycobacterium (Runyon group IV) that cause sporadic infection in any tissue or organ system in humans following cardiothoracic surgery, peritoneal- and hemodialysis, augmentation mammaplasty, arthroplasty, and immunocompromised patients.
M. chelo´nae subsp. absces´sus a species originally found in a traumatic infection of the knee.M. abscessus;
M. fortui´tum a saprophytic species found in soil and in infections of humans, cattle, and cold-blooded animals. Causes skin abscesses.
M. intracellula´re a species found in lung lesions and sputum of humans; may cause bone and tendon-sheath lesions in rabbits; some strains are pathogenic for mice. Recently linked to opportunistic infections in humans.Battey bacillus;
M. kansas´ii a species causing a tuberculosis-like pulmonary disease; also found to cause infections (and usually lesions) in spinal fluid, spleen, liver, pancreas, testes, hip joint, knee joint, finger, wrist, and lymph nodes.
M. lep´rae a species that causes Hansen's disease; recently identified from wild leprous armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in Texas.Hansen's bacillus, leprosy bacillus;
M. lepraemu´rium a bacterial species which causes rat leprosy.
M. maria´num former name for M. scrofulaceum.
M. mari´num a species causing spontaneous tuberculosis in salt water fish; it also occurs in other cold-blooded animals, in some swimming pools in which it may cause human cutaneous infection (see swimming pool granuloma), irrigation canals and ditches, and ocean beaches.
M. micro´ti a species causing generalized tuberculosis in voles; transmissible to guinea pigs, rabbits, and calves, causing localized infections.
M. paratuberculo´sis a species causing Johne's disease, a chronic enteritis in cattle.Johne's bacillus;
M. phle´i a species found in soil and dust and on plants.Moeller's grass bacillus, timothy-hay bacillus;
M. scrofula´ceum a species frequently associated with cervical adenitis in children; also found in a skin lesion of a leprosy patient.
M. smeg´matis a saprophytic species of bacteria found in smegma from the genitalia of humans and many of the lower animals; it is also found in soil, dust, and water.
M. tuberculo´sis a species which causes tuberculosis in man; it is the type species of the genus M.Koch's bacillus (1), tubercle bacillus (1);
M. ul´cerans a species causing Buruli ulcers in man; transmissible from soil, usually after an injury, and possibly by an insect vector.
M. xen´opi a species found in a skin lesion of a cold-blooded animal, Xenopus laevis; a rare cause of nosocomial human pulmonary tuberculosis.

mycobactin mycobactin (mI´ko-bak´tin)

A complex lipid factor reported to be required for the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human plasma; appears to be identical with the lipid factor extracted from M. phlei and essential for the growth of M. johnei.

mycocide mycocide (mI´ko-sId)

fungicide [myco- + L. caedo, to kill]

mycodermatitis mycodermatitis (mI´ko-der-ma-tI´tis)

A nonspecific term used to designate an eruption of mycotic (fungus, yeast, mold) origin.

mycogastritis mycogastritis (mI´ko-gas-trI´tis)

Inflammation of the stomach due to the presence of a fungus. [myco- + G. gaster, stomach, + -itis, inflammation]

mycolic acids mycolic acids (mI-kol´ik)

Long-chain cyclopropanecarboxylic acids (C₁₉-C₂₁), further substituted by long-chain (C₂₄-C₃₀) alkanes containing free hydroxyl groups, found in certain bacteria; these waxy substances appear to be responsible for the acid-fastness of the bacteria that contain them.mykol;

mycologist mycologist (mI-kol´o-jist)

A person specializing in mycology.

mycology mycology (mI-kol´o-je)

The study of fungi: their classification, edibility, cultivation, and biology. [myco- + G. logos, study]
medical m. the study of fungi that produce disease in humans and other animals, and of the diseases they produce, their ecology, and their epidemiology.

mycomyringitis mycomyringitis (mI´ko-mir-in-jI´tis)

An obsolete term denoting an inflammation of the membrana tympani caused by the presence of Aspergillus or other fungus.myringomycosis; [myco- + Mod. L. myringa, drum-membrane, + G. -itis, inflammation]

mycophage mycophage (mI´ko-faj)

A virus, the host of which is a fungus, in contradistinction to a bacteriophage, the host of which is a bacterium. See also mycovirus. [myco- + G. phago, to eat]

Mycoplasma Mycoplasma (mI´ko-plaz-ma)

A genus of aerobic to facultatively anaerobic bacteria (family Mycoplasmataceae) containing Gram-negative cells that do not possess a true cell wall but are bounded by a three-layered membrane; they do not revert to bacteria containing cell walls or cell wall fragments. The minimal reproductive units of these organisms are 0.2 to 0.3 mum in diameter. The cells are pleomorphic, and in liquid media appear as coccoid bodies, rings, or filaments. Colonies usually consist of a central core, growing down into the medium, surrounded by superficial peripheral growth. They require sterol for growth. They also require enrichment with serum or ascitic fluid. These organisms are found in humans and other animals and are parasitic to pathogenic. The type species is M. mycoides.Asterococcus; [myco- + G. plasma, something formed (plasm)]
M. agalact´iae a bacterial species causing contagious agalactia of sheep and goats, a common disease in the Mediterranean region.
M. bucca´le a bacterial species which is an infrequent parasitic inhabitant of the human oropharynx; it is the predominant mycoplasma in the oropharynx of nonhuman primates.
M. conjuncti´vae subsp. o´vis a bacterial subspecies associated with pinkeye of sheep.
M. fau´cium a species which is a rare member of the normal flora of the human oropharynx; it is occasionally found in the oropharynx of nonhuman primates.
M. fermen´tans a species found in ulcerative genital lesions associated with fusiform bacteria and spirilla and also on the apparently normal genital mucosa of humans.
M. gallisep´ticum a bacterial species causing chronic respiratory disease of chickens and infectious sinusitis of turkeys.
M. genita´lium a species that may be a causative agent of urethritis.
M. granula´rum former name for Acholeplasma granularum.
M. hom´inis a species that is the causative agent of pelvic inflammatory disease and other genitourinary tract infections; can also cause chorioamnionitis and postpartum fever.
M. hyorhi´nis a bacterial species found in the nasal cavity of swine; associated with arthritis and polyserositis in domestic pigs.
M. hyosyno´viae a bacterial species found in the joints and respiratory tract of swine, and associated with arthritis and polyserositis in domestic pigs.
M. hyopneumo´niae a bacterial species causing mycoplasma pneumonia of pigs.
M. laidla´wii Acholeplasma laidlawii
M. meleag´ridis a bacterial species causing air sacculitis in turkeys.
M. mycoi´des a bacterial species containing two subspecies: M. mycoides subsp. mycoides, the type subspecies, and M. mycoides subsp. capri; the former causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in cattle; the latter causes contagious pleuropneumonia in sheep and goats; it is the type species of the genus M.
M. neuroly´ticum a bacterial species found in normal and diseased mice; causes "rolling disease."
M. ora´le a species of M. associated with the buccal and pharyngeal cavities of humans and animals.
M. pharyn´gis a species occurring as a commensal in the human oropharynx.
M. pneumo´niae a species causing primary atypical pneumonia in human beings.Eaton agent;
M. saliva´rium a species found in human saliva.
M. syno´viae a bacterial species found in the hock joint of a fowl; causes infectious synovitis in chickens.

mycoplasma mycoplasma, pl. mycoplasmata (as´ter-o-kok´kus, -plaz´mah-ta)

A vernacular term used only to refer to any member of the genus Mycoplasma.

Mycoplasmatales Mycoplasmatales (mI´ko-plaz´ma-ta´lez)

An order of Gram-negative bacteria containing cells which are bounded by a three-layered membrane but which do not possess a true cell wall. The minimal reproductive units are 0.2 to 0.3 mum in diameter. Pathogenic and saprophytic species occur. These organisms reproduce through the breaking up of branched filaments into coccoid, filterable elementary bodies. The order includes the so-called pleuropneumonia-like organisms, under organism (PPLO).

mycopus mycopus (mI´ko-pus)

mucopus

mycose mycose (mI´kos)

trehalose

mycosis mycosis, pl. mycoses (mI-ko´sis, -sez)

Any disease caused by a fungus (filamentous or yeast). [myco- + G. -osis, condition]
m. cu´tis chron´ica a chronic dermatomycosis caused by a fungus.
m. framboesioi´des yaws
m. fungoi´des a chronic progressive lymphoma arising in the skin which initially simulates eczema or other inflammatory dermatoses; the appearance of plaques is associated with acanthosis and bandlike infiltration of the upper dermis by a pleomorphic infiltrate including atypical T lymphocytes which also collect in clear spaces in the lower epidermis (Pautrier's microabscesses); in advanced cases, ulcerated tumors and infiltrations of lymph nodes may occur.
Gilchrist's m. obsolete term for blastomycosis.
m. intestina´lis gastroenteric form of anthrax, the symptoms of which are those of gastroenteritis followed by toxemia and general depression.

mycostatic mycostatic (mI-ko-stat´ik)

fungistatic

mycosterols mycosterols (mI-kos´ter-olz)

Sterols obtained from fungi.

mycotic mycotic (mI-kot´ik)

Relating to or caused by a fungus.

mycotoxicosis mycotoxicosis (mI´ko-tok-si-ko´sis)

Poisoning due to the ingestion of preformed substances produced by the action of certain fungi on particular foodstuffs or ingestion of the fungi themselves; e.g., ergotism. [myco- + G. toxikon, poison, + -osis, condition]

mycotoxins mycotoxins (mI´ko-tok-sinz)

Toxic compounds produced by certain fungi, some of which are used for medicinal purposes; e.g., muscarine, psilocybin.

mycovirus mycovirus (mI´ko-vI-rus)

A virus that infects fungi.

mydaleine mydaleine (mI-da´le-en)

A poisonous ptomaine formed in putrefying liver and other viscera; it acts specifically upon the heart, causing arrest of its action in diastole. [G. mydaleos, moldy, fr. mydos, dampness]

mydatoxin mydatoxin (mI-da-tok´sin)

A ptomaine from putrefying viscera and flesh. [G. mydos, dampness, decay, + toxikon, poison]

mydriasis mydriasis (mi-drI´a-sis)

Dilation of the pupil. [G.]
alternating m. m. alternately affecting each eye.
amaurotic m. a moderate widening of both pupils resulting from impaired visual input from one or both eyes.
paralytic m. pupillary dilation due to paralysis of the sphincter muscle of the pupil induced by anticholinergic drugs given topically or systemically, or resulting from lesions of the oculomotor nucleus or nerve, contusion of the eyeball, or glaucoma.
spastic m. pupillary dilation due to contraction of the dilator muscle of the pupil induced by adrenergic drugs or by stimulation of the sympathetic pathway.

mydriatic mydriatic (mi-dre-at´ik)

1. Causing mydriasis or dilation of the pupil. 2. An agent that dilates the pupil.

myectomy myectomy (mI-ek´to-me)

Excision of a portion of a muscle. [G. mys, muscle, + ektome, excision]

myectopy myectopy , myectopia (mI-ek´to-pe, mI-ek-to´pe-a)

Rarely used term for dislocation of a muscle. [G. mys, muscle, + ektopos, out of place]

myel- myel- , myelo-

1. The bone marrow. 2. The spinal cord and medulla oblongata. Cf. medullo-. 3. The myelin sheath of nerve fibers. [G. myelos, medulla, marrow]

myelapoplexy myelapoplexy (mI´el-ap´o-plek´se)

hematomyelia [myel- + G. apoplexia, apoplexy]

myelatelia myelatelia (mI´el-a-te´le-a)

Developmental defect of the spinal cord. [myel- + G. ateleia, incompleteness]

myelauxe myelauxe (mI-el-awk´se)

Hypertrophy of the spinal cord. [myel- + G. auxe, increase]

myelemia myelemia (mI-e-le´me-a)

Rarely used term for myelocytosis. [myel- + G. haima, blood]

myelencephalon myelencephalon (mI´el-en-sef´a-lon) [NA]

medulla oblongata [myel- + G. enkephalos, brain]

myelic myelic (mI-el´ik)

Relating to (1) the spinal cord, or (2) bone marrow.

myelin myelin (mI´e-lin)

1. The lipoproteinaceous material, composed of regularly alternating membranes of lipid lamellae (cholesterol, phospholipids, sphingolipids, phosphatidates) and protein, of the myelin sheath. 2. Droplets of lipid formed during autolysis and postmortem decomposition.

myelinated myelinated (mI´e-li-nat-ed)

Having a myelin sheath.medullated (2);

myelination myelination (mI´e-li-na´shun)

The acquisition, development, or formation of a myelin sheath around a nerve fiber.medullation (2), myelinization, myelinogenesis;

myelinic myelinic (mI´e-lin´ik)

Relating to myelin.

myelinization myelinization (mI´e-li-nI-za´shun)

myelination

myelinoclasis myelinoclasis (mI´e-li-nok´la-sis)

Destruction of myelin. See also demyelination, dysmyelination. [myelin + G. klasis, a breaking]

myelinogenesis myelinogenesis (mI´e-lin-o-jen´e-sis)

myelination [myelin + G. genesis, production]

myelinolysis myelinolysis (mI´e-li-nol´i-sis)

Dissolution of the myelin sheaths of nerve fibers. [myelin + G. lysis, dissolution]
central pontine m. localized loss of myelin within the midbase of the pons; related to malnutrition and often to alcoholism.

myelinopathy myelinopathy (mI´e-lin-op´a- the)

A disorder affecting the myelin of peripheral nerve fibers, in contrast to one affecting axons (axonopathy).

myelitic myelitic (mI-e-lit´ik)

Relating to or affected by myelitis.

myelitis myelitis (mI-e-lI´tis)

1. Inflammation of the spinal cord. 2. Inflammation of the bone marrow. [myel- + G. -itis, inflammation]
acute necrotizing m. a spinal cord disorder, probably a demyelinating disease, which affects persons of all ages and either sex. Presents with abrupt or more gradual onset with sensory abnormalities and upper motor neuron weakness; soon a reflexic flaccid motor paralysis and sphincter paralysis supervenes, which is permanent. In some, but not all cases, bilateral or unilateral optic neuritis is associated. In the cerebrospinal fluid, the protein is increased, and mononuclear cells are present. After autopsy, the lesion has been identified as a necrotizing hemorrhagic leukomyelitis.
acute transverse m. acute inflammation and softening of the spinal cord; involves the entire thickness of the spinal cord but of limited longitudinal extent; multiple etiologies.
ascending m. progressive inflammation involving successively higher areas of the spinal cord.
bulbar m. inflammation of the medulla oblongata.
concussion m. traumatic myelopathy.
demyelinated m. acute multiple sclerosis presenting as a myelitis.
Foix-Alajouanine m. subacute necrotizing m
funicular m. 1. inflammation involving any of the columns of the spinal cord; 2. subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord
postinfectious m. spinal cord inflammation that follows a viral infection, usually one of the exanthemas.
postvaccinal m. spinal cord inflammation that follows vaccination.
radiation m. radiation myelopathy
subacute necrotizing m. a disorder of the lower spinal cord in adult males resulting in progressive paraplegia.angiodysgenetic myelomalacia, Foix-Alajouanine m;
systemic m. inflammation confined to special tracts of the spinal cord.
transverse m. an inflammatory process involving both gray and white matter of spinal cord.

myelo- myelo-

See myel-.

myeloarchitectonics myeloarchitectonics (mI´e-lo-ar´ki-tek-ton´iks)

The pattern of myelinated nerve fibers in the brain, as distinguished from cytoarchitectonics.

myeloblast myeloblast (mI´e-lo-blast)

An immature cell (10 to 18 mum in diameter) in the granulocytic series, occurring normally in bone marrow, but not in the circulating blood (except in certain diseases). When stained with the usual dyes, the cytoplasm is light blue, nongranular, and variable in amount, sometimes being only a thin rim around the nucleus; the latter is deep purple-blue with finely divided, punctate, threadlike chromatin that is somewhat condensed at the periphery. A few light blue nucleoli are usually present in the nucleus, and these generally disappear as the m. matures into a promyelocyte and then a myelocyte. M.'s ordinarily yield a negative reaction with peroxidase. [myelo- + G. blastos, germ]

myeloblastemia myeloblastemia (mI´e-lo-blas-te´me-a)

The presence of myeloblasts in the circulating blood. [myeloblast + G. haima, blood]

myeloblastoma myeloblastoma (mI´e-lo-blas-to´ma)

A nodular focus or fairly well-circumscribed accumulation of myeloblasts, as sometimes observed in acute myeloblastic leukemia and chlorosis. [myeloblast + G. -oma, tumor]

myeloblastosis myeloblastosis (mI´e-lo-blas-to´sis)

The presence of unusually large numbers of myeloblasts in the circulating blood, or tissues, or both (as in acute leukemia).
avian m. , fowl m. disease caused by the avian leukosis-sarcoma virus, which belongs to the family Retroviridae, characterized by progressive anemia, enormous numbers of myeloblasts in the blood, weakness, and death.

myelocele myelocele (mI´e-lo-sel)

1. Protrusion of the spinal cord in spina bifida. [myelo- + G. kele, hernia] 2. The central canal of the spinal cord. [G. myelos, marrow, + koilia, a hollow]

myelocyst myelocyst (mI´e-lo-sist)

Any cyst (usually lined with columnar or cuboidal cells) that develops from a rudimentary medullary canal in the central nervous system. [myelo- + G. kystis, bladder]

myelocystic myelocystic (mI´e-lo-sist´ik)

Pertaining to or characterized by the presence of a myelocyst.

myelocystocele myelocystocele (mI´e-lo-sis´to-sel)

Spina bifida containing spinal cord substance. [myelo- + G. kystis, bladder, + kele, tumor]

myelocystomeningocele myelocystomeningocele (mI´e-lo-sis´to-me-ning´go-sel)

meningomyelocele [myelo- + G. kystis, bladder, + meninx (mening-), membrane, + kele, hernia]

myelocyte myelocyte (mI´e-lo-sIt)

1. A young cell of the granulocytic series, occurring normally in bone marrow, but not in circulating blood (except in certain diseases). When stained with the usual dyes, the cytoplasm is distinctly basophilic and relatively more abundant than in myeloblasts or promyelocytes, even though m.'s are smaller cells; numerous cytoplasmic granules (i.e., neutrophilic, eosinophilic, or basophilic) are present in the more mature forms of m.'s, and the first two types are peroxidase-positive. The nuclear chromatin is coarser than that observed in myeloblasts, but it is relatively faintly stained and lacks a well defined membrane; the nucleus is fairly regular in contour (i.e., not indented), and seems to be "buried" beneath the numerous cytoplasmic granules. 2. A nerve cell of the gray matter of the brain or spinal cord.medullocell; [myelo- + G. kytos, cell]
m. A the youngest form of m., characterized by only a few (not more than ten) cytoplasmic granules, which are most reliably demonstrated by means of staining with neutral red; the mitochondria are numerous, and resemble those of the myeloblast.
m. B the intermediate form of m., characterized by approximately 30 to 100 (or more) cytoplasmic granules scattered among the mitochondria; the latter are less numerous than in m.'s of the A stage, and they are frequently displaced toward the periphery of the cell.
m. C the most mature of the m.'s characterized by numerous cytoplasmic granules that are recognizable as neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic; with neutral red these are stained, respectively, red, bright yellow, and deep maroon; C m.'s are frequently larger than earlier forms; if the nucleus is indented, the m. is maturing into a metamyelocyte.

myelocythemia myelocythemia (mI´e-lo-sI-the´me-a)

The presence of myelocytes in the circulating blood, especially in persistently large numbers (as in myelocytic leukemia). [myelocyte + G. haima, blood]

myelocytic myelocytic (mI´e-lo-sit´ik)

Pertaining to or characterized by myelocytes.

myelocytoma myelocytoma (mI´e-lo-sI-to´ma)

A nodular focus or fairly well-circumscribed, relatively dense accumulation of myelocytes, as in certain tissues of persons with myelocytic leukemia. [myelocyte + G. -oma, tumor]

myelocytomatosis myelocytomatosis (mI´e-lo-sI´to-ma-to´sis)

1. A form of tumor involving chiefly the myelocytes.leukochloroma; 2. A rare leukosis of fowl marked by the presence of white tumors composed of myeloid cells, located principally along the sternum and in the liver.

myelocytosis myelocytosis (mI´e-lo-sI-to´sis)

The occurrence of abnormally large numbers of myelocytes in the circulating blood, or tissues, or both. [myelocyte + G. -osis, condition]

myelodiastasis myelodiastasis (mI´e-lo-dI-as´ta-sis)

Softening and destruction of the spinal cord. [myelo- + G. diastasis, separation]

myelodysplasia myelodysplasia (mI´e-lo-dis-pla´ze-a)

1. An abnormality in development of the spinal cord, especially the lower part of the cord. 2. Inappropriate term for spina bifida occulta. [myelo- + G. dys-, difficult, + plasis, a molding]

myelofibrosis myelofibrosis (mI´e-lo-fI-bro´sis)

Fibrosis of the bone marrow, especially generalized, associated with myeloid metaplasia of the spleen and other organs, leukoerythroblastic anemia, and thrombocytopenia, although the bone marrow often contains many megakaryocytes.myelosclerosis, osteomyelofibrotic syndrome;

myelogenesis myelogenesis (mI´e-lo-jen´e-sis)

1. Development of bone marrow. 2. Development of the central nervous system. 3. Formation of myelin around an axon.

myelogenetic myelogenetic , myelogenic (mI´e-lo-je-net´ik, -jen´ik)

1. Relating to myelogenesis. 2. Produced by or originating in the bone marrow.myelogenous;

myelogenous myelogenous (mI-e-loj´e-nus)

myelogenetic (2)

myelogone myelogone , myelogonium (mI´e-lo-gon, mI´e-lo-go´ne-um)

An immature white blood cell of the myeloid series that is characterized by a relatively large, fairly deeply stained, finely reticulated nucleus that contains palely stained nucleoli, and a scant amount of rimlike, nongranular, moderately basophilic cytoplasm. M.'s are difficult to distinguish from lymphoblasts and monoblasts, unless one evaluates them in relation to the more mature forms usually associated with the younger cells. [myelo- + G. gone, seed]

myelogram myelogram (mI´breve;e-lo-gram)

Radiographic contrast study of the spinal subarachnoid space and its contents.
cervical m. contrast medium introduced directly into the cervical subarachnoid space, or moved with the help of gravity from the lumbar region, to outline the cervical cord and nerve roots.
lumbar m. most common study for herniated nucleus pulposus or intervertebral disc protrusion.

myelography myelography (mI´e-log´ra-fe)

Radiography of the spinal cord and nerve roots after the injection of a contrast medium into the spinal subarachnoid space. [myelo- + G. graphe, a drawing]

myeloic myeloic (mI-e-lo´ik)

Pertaining to the tissue and precursor cells from which neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are derived.

myeloid myeloid (mI´e-loyd)

1. Pertaining to, derived from, or manifesting certain features of the bone marrow. 2. Sometimes used with reference to the spinal cord. 3. Pertaining to certain characteristics of myelocytic forms, but not necessarily implying origin in the bone marrow. [myel- + -oid]

myeloidosis myeloidosis (mI´e-loy-do´sis)

General hyperplasia of myeloid tissue.

myeloleukemia myeloleukemia (mI´e-lo-lu-ke´me-a)

A form of leukemia in which the abnormal cells are derived from myelopoietic tissue.

myelolipoma myelolipoma (mI´e-lo-li-po´ma)

A misnomer for certain nodular foci that are not neoplasms, but probably represent accumulations of cells derived from localized proliferation of reticuloendothelial tissue in the blood sinuses of the adrenal glands; grossly, the nodules may seem to be adipose tissue, but actually are foci of bone marrow containing erythropoietic or myeloid cells.

myelolymphocyte myelolymphocyte (mI´e-lo-mon´o-sIt)

Rarely used term for an abnormal form of the lymphocytic series in the bone marrow, and presumed to be formed in that tissue.

myelolysis myelolysis (mI-e-lol´i-sis)

Decomposition of myelin.

myeloma myeloma (mI-e-lo´ma)

1. A tumor composed of cells derived from hemopoietic tissues of the bone marrow. 2. A plasma cell tumor. [myelo- + G. -oma, tumor]
Bence Jones m. multiple m. in which the malignant plasma cells excrete only light chains of one type (either kappa or lambda); lytic bone lesions occur in about 60% of the cases, and light chains (Bence Jones protein) occur in the urine; amyloidosis and severe renal failure are more common than in multiple m.L-chain disease, L-chain m;
endothelial m. Ewing's tumor
giant cell m. giant cell tumor of bone
L-chain m. Bence Jones m
multiple m. , m. mul´tiplex an uncommon disease that occurs more frequently in men than in women and is associated with anemia, hemorrhage, recurrent infections, and weakness. Ordinarily, it is regarded as a malignant neoplasm that originates in bone marrow and involves chiefly the skeleton, with clinical features attributable to the sites of involvement and to abnormalities in formation of plasma protein; characterized by numerous diffuse foci or nodular accumulations of abnormal or malignant plasma cells in the marrow of various bones (especially the skull), causing palpable swellings of the bones, and occasionally in extraskeletal sites; radiologically, the bone lesions have a characteristic punched-out appearance. The myeloma cells produce abnormal proteins in the serum and urine; those formed in any one example of multiple m. are different from other m. proteins, as well as from normal serum proteins, the most frequent abnormalities in the metabolism of protein being: 1) the occurrence of Bence Jones proteinuria, 2) a great increase in monoclonal gamma-globulin in the plasma, 3) the occasional formation of cryoglobulin, and 4) a form of primary amyloidosis. The Bence Jones protein is not a derivative of abnormal serum protein, but seems to be formed de novo from amino acid precursors. See also plasma cell m.multiple myelomatosis, myelomatosis multiplex, plasma cell m. (1);
nonsecretory m. multiple m. in which there is no detectable paraproteinemia or paraproteinuria.
plasma cell m. 1. multiple m 2. plasmacytoma of bone, which is usually a solitary lesion and not associated with the occurrence of Bence Jones protein or other disturbances in the metabolism of protein (as observed in multiple m.). Some observers emphasize that the solitary lesion probably represents an early phase of classic multiple m., or an example of the latter in which only one focus is recognized.

myelomalacia myelomalacia (mI´e-lo-ma-la´she-a)

Softening of the spinal cord. [myelo- + G. malakia, a softness]
angiodysgenetic m. subacute necrotizing myelitis

myelomatosis myelomatosis (mI´e-lo-ma-to´sis)

A disease characterized by the occurrence of myeloma in various sites.
multiple m. , m. mul´tiplex multiple myeloma

myelomeningocele myelomeningocele (mI´e-lo-me-ning´go-sel)

meningomyelocele [myelo- + G. meninx, membrane, + kele, hernia]

myelomere myelomere (mI´e-lo-mer)

Neuromere of the brain or spinal cord. [myelo- + G. meros, part]

myelomonocyte myelomonocyte

A leukocyte that appears to resemble both myelocytes and monocytes in that nuclear chromatin is less condensed than in the myelocyte and the cytoplasm has few neutrophilic granules; such cells represent aberrant maturation, as occurs in myelomonocytic leukemia.

myeloneuritis myeloneuritis (mI´e-lo-nu-rI´tis)

neuromyelitis

myelonic myelonic (mI-e-lon´ik)

Relating to the spinal cord. [G. myelon, fr. myelos, marrow]

myeloparalysis myeloparalysis (mI´e-lo-pa-ral´i-sis)

spinal paralysis

myelopathic myelopathic (mI´e-lo-path´ik)

Relating to myelopathy.

myelopathy myelopathy (mI-e-lop´a-the)

1. Disorder of the spinal cord. 2. A disease of the myelopoietic tissues. [myelo- + G. pathos, suffering]
carcinomatous m. degeneration or necrosis of the spinal cord associated with a carcinoma.paracarcinomatous m;
compressive m. destruction of spinal cord tissue caused by pressure from neoplasms, hematomas, or other masses.
diabetic m. degenerative changes in spinal cord tissue occurring as a complication of diabetes mellitus.
paracarcinomatous m. carcinomatous m
radiation m. damage to the spinal cord from exposure to x-rays or other high energy radiation; usually radiation myelitis.radiation myelitis;

myeloperoxidase myeloperoxidase (mI´el-o-per-oks´i-das)

A peroxidase occurring in phagocytic cells that can oxidize halogen ions (e.g., I^-) to the free halogen; an autosomal recessive deficiency of m. leads to impaired bacterial killing.

myelopetal myelopetal (mI-e-lop´e-tal)

Proceeding in a direction toward the spinal cord; said of different nerve impulses. [myelo- + L. peto, to seek]

myelophthisic myelophthisic (mI´e-lo-tiz´ik, -thiz´ik)

Relating to or suffering from myelophthisis.

myelophthisis myelophthisis (mI´e-lof´thi-sis, mI´e-lo-tI´sis, -te´sis)

1. Wasting or atrophy of the spinal cord as in tabes dorsalis. 2. Replacement of hemopoietic tissue in the bone marrow by abnormal tissue, usually fibrous tissue or malignant tumors which are most commonly metastatic carcinomas.panmyelophthisis; [myelo- + G. phthisis, a wasting away]

myeloplast myeloplast (mI´e-lo-plast)

Any of the leukocytic series of cells in the bone marrow, especially young forms. [myelo- + G. plastos, formed]

myeloplegia myeloplegia (mI´e-lo-ple´je-a)

spinal paralysis [myelo- + G. plege, a stroke]

myelopoiesis myelopoiesis (mI´e-lo-poy-e´sis)

Formation of the tissue elements of bone marrow, or any of the types of blood cells derived from bone marrow; or both processes. [myelo- + G. poiesis, a making]

myelopoietic myelopoietic (mI´e-lo-poy-et´ik)

Relating to myelopoiesis.

myeloproliferative myeloproliferative (mI´e-lo-pro-lif´er-a-tiv)

Pertaining to or characterized by unusual proliferation of myelopoietic tissue.

myeloradiculitis myeloradiculitis (mI´e-lo-ra-dik-yu-lI´tis)

Inflammation of the spinal cord and nerve roots. [myelo- + L. radicula, root, + G. -itis, inflammation]

myeloradiculodysplasia myeloradiculodysplasia (mI´e-lo-ra-dik´yu-lo-dis-pla-ze-a)

Congenital maldevelopment of the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots. [myelo- + L. radicula, root, + dysplasia]

myeloradiculopathy myeloradiculopathy (mI´e-lo-ra-dik´yu-lop´a-the)

Disease involving the spinal cord and nerve roots.radiculomyelopathy; [myelo- + L. radicula, root, + G. pathos, disease]

myeloradiculopolyneuronitis myeloradiculopolyneuronitis (mI´e-lo-ra-dik´yu-lo-pol´e-nu-ron-I´tis)

acute idiopathic polyneuritis

myelorrhagia myelorrhagia (mI´e-lo-ra´je-a)

hematomyelia [myelo- + G. rhegnymi, to burst forth]

myelorrhaphy myelorrhaphy (mI-e-lor´a-fe)

Suture of a wound of the spinal cord. [myelo- + G. rhaphe, a seam]

myelosarcoma myelosarcoma (mI´e-lo-sar-ko´ma)

Obsolete term for a malignant neoplasm derived from bone marrow or one of its cellular elements. [myelo- + G. sarx, flesh, + -oma, tumor]

myelosarcomatosis myelosarcomatosis (mI´e-lo-sar-ko-ma-to´sis)

Obsolete term for widespread myelosarcomas.

myeloschisis myeloschisis (mI-e-los´ki-sis)

Cleft spinal cord resulting from failure of the neural folds to close normally in the formation of the neural tube; inevitably spina bifida is a sequel. [myelo- + G. schisis, a cleaving]

myelosclerosis myelosclerosis (mI´e-lo-skle-ro´sis)

myelofibrosis [myelo- + G. sklerosis, induration]

myelosis myelosis (mI-e-lo´sis)

1. A condition characterized by abnormal proliferation of tissue or cellular elements of bone marrow, e.g., multiple myeloma, myelocytic leukemia, myelofibrosis. 2. A condition in which there is abnormal proliferation of medullary tissue in the spinal cord, as in a glioma.
aleukemic m. m. with absence of abnormal cellular elements in peripheral blood.
chronic nonleukemic m. a condition in which there is abnormal proliferation of leukopoietic tissue that results in immature white blood cells in the circulating blood, but the total count is within the normal range.
erythremic m. a neoplastic process involving the erythropoietic tissue, characterized by anemia, irregular fever, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, hemorrhagic disorders, and numerous erythroblasts in all stages of maturation (with disproportionately large numbers of less mature forms) in the circulating blood; postmortem studies reveal primitive erythroblasts and reticuloendothelial cells, not only in hemopoietic organs, but also in the kidneys, adrenal glands, and other sites. Acute and chronic forms are recognized, but in the latter there is less prominence of the immature cells; the former is also called Di Guglielmo's disease and acute erythremia.
funicular m. degeneration of spinal cord white matter.
leukemic m. 1. granulocytic leukemia 2. myeloblastic leukemia
leukopenic m. , subleukemic m. subleukemic leukemia

myelospongium myelospongium (mI´e-lo-spun´je-um)

The fibrocellular meshwork in the spinal cord of the embryo, from which the neuroglia is developed. [myelo- + G. spongos, sponge]

myelosyphilis myelosyphilis (mI´e-lo-sif´i-lis)

tabetic neurosyphilis

myelosyringosis myelosyringosis (mI´e-lo-si-rin-go´sis)

syringomyelia

myelotome myelotome (mI´e-lo-tom)

An instrument used in making serial sections of the spinal cord or for incising the spinal cord. [myelo- + G. tomos, cutting]

myelotomography myelotomography (mI´e-lo-to-mog´ra-fe)

Tomography of the spinal subarachnoid space opacified with contrast medium; an obsolete procedure.

myelotomy myelotomy (mI-e-lot´o-me)

Incision of the spinal cord. [myelo- + G. tome, incision]
Bischof's m. longitudinal incision of the spinal cord through the lateral column for treatment of spasticity of the lower extremities.
commissural m. midline m
midline m. section of the midline transverse fibers of the spinal cord for the treatment of intractable pain.commissural m., commissurotomy (2);
T m. midline m. with lateral cuts into the anterior horns.

myelotoxic myelotoxic (mI´e-lo-tok´sik)

1. Inhibitory, depressant, or destructive to one or more of the components of bone marrow. 2. Pertaining to, derived from, or manifesting the features of diseased bone marrow.

myenteric myenteric (mI-en-ter´ik)

Relating to the myenteron.

myenteron myenteron (mI-en´ter-on)

The muscular coat, or muscularis, of the intestine. [G. mys, muscle, + enteron, intestine]

myesthesia myesthesia (mI-es-the´ze-a)

The sensation felt in muscle when it is contracting; awareness of movement or activity in muscles or joints; sense of position or movement mediated in large part by the posterior columns and medial lemniscus. See also bathyesthesia.deep sensibility, kinesthetic sense, mesoblastic sensibility, muscular sense, myoesthesis, myoesthesia; [G. mys, muscle, + aisthesis, sensation]

myiasis myiasis (mI-I´a-sis)

Any infection due to invasion of tissues or cavities of the body by larvae of dipterous insects. [G. myia, a fly]
African furuncular m. cordylobiasis
aural m. invasion of the external, middle, or inner ear by larvae of dipterous insects.
creeping m. m. causing suppurating cutaneous sinuses which may be mistaken for the creeping eruption of cutaneous larva migrans.
cutaneous m. invasion of the skin of sheep by larvae of blowflies.blowfly strike;
human botfly m. dermatobiasis
intestinal m. presence of larvae of certain dipterous insects in the gastrointestinal tract, as of Musca domestica (domestic housefly), the cheese mite, and Fannia canicularis (lesser housefly).
nasal m. fly larva invasion of the nasal passages, due most commonly in the U.S. to primary screw-worms, the larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax, which develop in the nasal or aural cavity.
ocular m. invasion of the conjunctival sac or eyeball by larvae of flies, e.g., Hypoderma bovis, H. lineata, Sarcophaga, or Gasterophilus intestinalis.ophthalmomyiasis;
m. oestruo´sa m. due to a species of the family Oestridae, the gadflies or botflies.
subcutaneous m. invasion of subcutaneous tissues by the larvae of dipterous insects.
tumbu dermal m. cordylobiasis
wound m. , traumatic m. the infestation of a surface wound or other open lesion by fly larvae.

myitis myitis (mI-I´tis)

myositis [G. mys, muscle, + -itis, inflammation]

mykol mykol (mI´kol)

mycolic acids

mylabris mylabris (mil´a-bris)

The dried beetle, Mylabris phalerata; a vesicant similar to cantharis. [G. a cockroach found in mills and bakehouses, fr. myle, mill]

mylohyoid mylohyoid (mI´lo-hI´oyd)

Relating to the molar teeth, or posterior portion of the lower jaw, and to the hyoid bone; denoting various structures. See nerve, muscle, region, sulcus. [G. myle, a mill, in pl. mylai, molar teeth]

mylohyoideus mylohyoideus (mI-lo-hI-oy´de-us)

mylohyoid muscle

myo- myo-

Muscle. [G. mys, muscle]

myoadenylate deaminase myoadenylate deaminase (mI´o-a-den-il-at)

Muscle AMP deaminase. See AMP deaminase.

myoalbumin myoalbumin (mI´o-al-byu´min)

Albumin in muscle tissue, possibly the same as serum albumin.

myoarchitectonic myoarchitectonic (mI´o-ar´ki-tek-ton´ik)

Relating to the structural arrangement of muscle or of fibers in general. [myo- + G. architektonikos, relating to construction]

myoatrophy myoatrophy (mI-o-at´ro-fe)

muscular atrophy

myoblast myoblast (mI´o-blast)

A primitive muscle cell with the potentiality of developing into a muscle fiber.sarcoblast, sarcogenic cell; [myo- + G. blastos, germ]

myoblastic myoblastic (mI-o-blas´tik)

Relating to a myoblast or to the mode of formation of muscle cells.

myoblastoma myoblastoma (mI´o-blas-to´ma)

A tumor of immature muscle cells. [myo- + G. blastos, germ, + -oma, tumor]
granular cell m. obsolete term for granular cell tumor.

myobradia myobradia (mI-o-bra´de-a)

Sluggish reaction of muscle following stimulation. [myo- + G. bradys, slow]

myocardia myocardia (mI-o-kar´de-a)

Plural of myocardium.

myocardial myocardial (mI-o-kar´de-al)

Relating to the myocardium.

myocardiograph myocardiograph (mI´o-kar´de-o-graf)

An instrument composed of a tambour with recording lever attachment, by means of which a tracing is made of the movements of the heart muscle. [myo- + G. kardia, heart, + grapho, to record]

myocardiopathy myocardiopathy (mI´o-kar-de-op´a-the)

cardiomyopathy [myocardium + G. pathos, suffering]
alcoholic m. alcoholic cardiomyopathy
chagasic m. (cha´ga-sik) heart muscle disease due to Chagas' disease (caused by Trypanosoma cruzi) in which right bundle branch block is common.

myocardiorrhaphy myocardiorrhaphy (mI´o-kar-de-or´a-fe)

Suture of the myocardium. [myocardium + G. rhaphe, suture]

myocarditic myocarditic (mI-o-kar´dI-ik)

Related to myocarditis (adjective).

myocarditis myocarditis (mI´o-kar-dI´tis)

Inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart.
acute isolated m. an acute interstitial m. of unknown cause, the endocardium and pericardium being unaffected.Fiedler's m;
Fiedler's m. acute isolated m
fragmentation m. fragmentation of the myocardium as the result of inflammation.
giant cell m. acute isolated m. characterized by infiltration by granulomas containing giant cells.
idiopathic m. inflammation of the heart muscle of unknown origin.
indurative m. chronic m. leading to hardening of the muscular wall of the heart.
toxic m. inflammation of heart muscle caused by any noxious chemical, e.g., alcohol, heavy metals.

myocardium myocardium, pl. myocardia (mI-o-kar´de-um, -kar´de-a) [NA]

The middle layer of the heart, consisting of cardiac muscle. [myo- + G. kardia, heart]
hibernating m. ventricular dysfunction following months or years of ischemia that is reversible when blood flow is restored. Must be carefully distinguished from dysfunction due to necrotic or scarred m.
stunned m. impaired myocardial contractile performance following a brief period of ischemia and ultimately reversible.

myocardosis myocardosis (mI´o-kar-do´sis)

Obsolete term for a condition marked by symptomatic signs of cardiac trouble without any discoverable pathologic lesion and for any degenerative condition of the heart muscle except myofibrosis.

myocele myocele (mI´o-sel)

1. Protrusion of muscle substance through a rent in its sheath. [myo- + G. kele, hernia] 2. The small cavity that appears in somites.somite cavity; [myo- + G. koilia, a cavity]

myocelialgia myocelialgia (mI´o-se-le-al´je-a)

Obsolete term for celiomyalgia. [myo- + G. koilia, the belly, + algos, pain]

myocelitis myocelitis (mI´o-se-lI´tis)

Inflammation of the abdominal muscles. [myo- + G. koilia, belly, + -itis, inflammation]

myocellulitis myocellulitis (mI´o-sel-yu-lI´tis)

Inflammation of muscle and cellular tissue. [myo- + Mod. L. cellularis, cellular (tissue), + G. -itis, inflammation]

myocerosis myocerosis (mI´o-se-ro´sis)

Waxy degeneration of the muscles.myokerosis; [myo- + G. keros, wax]

myochrome myochrome (mI´o-krom)

Rarely used term for cytochrome found in muscle tissue.

myochronoscope myochronoscope (mI-o-kron´o-skop)

An instrument for timing a muscular impulse, i.e., the interval between the application of the stimulus and the muscular movement in response. [myo- + G. chronos, time, + skopeo, to examine]

myocinesimeter myocinesimeter (mI´o-sin-e-sim´e-ter)

myokinesimeter

myoclonia myoclonia (mI´o-klo´ne-a)

Any disorder characterized by myoclonus. [myo- + G. klonos, a tumult]
fibrillary m. the twitching of a limited part or group of fibers of a muscle.tetanilla (1);

myoclonic myoclonic (mI-o-klon´ik)

Showing myoclonus.

myoclonus myoclonus (mI-ok´lo-nus, mI-o-klo´nus)

One or a series of shock-like contractions of a group of muscles, of variable regularity, synchrony, and symmetry, generally due to a central nervous system lesion. [myo- + G. klonos, tumult]
m. mul´tiplex an ill-defined disorder marked by rapid and widespread muscle contractions.paramyoclonus multiplex, polyclonia, polymyoclonus;
nocturnal m. frequently repeated muscular jerks occurring at the moment of dropping off to sleep.
palatal m. rhythmic contractions of the soft palate, the facial muscles, and the diaphragm, related to lesions of the olivocerebellar pathways. See also palatal nystagmus.
stimulus sensitive m. m. induced by a variety of stimuli, e.g., talking, calculation, loud noises, tapping, etc.

myocolpitis myocolpitis (mI-o-kol-pI´tis)

Inflammation of the muscular tissue of the vagina. [myo- + G. kolpos, bosom (vagina), + -itis, inflammation]

myocomma myocomma, pl. myocommata (mI-o-kom´a, -kom´a-ta)

The connective tissue septum separating adjacent myotomes.myoseptum; [myo- + G. komma, a coin or the stamp of a coin]

myocrismus myocrismus (mI-o-kris´mus)

A creaking sound sometimes heard on auscultation of a contracting muscle. [myo- + G. krizo, to squeak]

myocutaneous myocutaneous (mI-o-kyu-ta´ne-us)

musculocutaneous [myo- + L. cutis, skin]

myocyte myocyte (mI´o-sIt)

A muscle cell. [myo- + G. kytos, cell]
Anitschkow m. cardiac histiocyte

myocytolysis myocytolysis (mI-o-sI-tol´i-sis)

Dissolution of muscle fiber. [myo- + G. kytos, cell, + lysis, a loosening]
m. of heart local loss of myocardial syncytium as a result of a metabolic imbalance, insufficient in intensity or duration (or both) to cause stromal injury or to elicit any reactive exudation.

myocytoma myocytoma (mI´o-sI-to´ma)

A benign neoplasm derived from muscle.

myodegeneration myodegeneration (mI´o-de-jen-e-ra´shun)

Muscular degeneration.

myodemia myodemia (mI-o-de´me-a)

Fatty degeneration of muscle. [myo- + G. demos, tallow]

myodermal myodermal (mI-o-der´mal)

musculocutaneous [myo- + G. derma, skin]

myodiastasis myodiastasis (mI´o-dI-as´ta-sis)

Separation of muscle. [myo- + G. diastasis, separation]

myodynamia myodynamia (mI´o-dI-na´me-a)

Muscular strength. [myo- + G. dynamis, power]

myodynamics myodynamics (mI´o-dI-nam´iks)

The dynamics of muscular action.

myodynamometer myodynamometer (mI´o-dI-na-mom´e-ter)

An instrument for determining muscular strength. [myo- + G. dynamis, force, + metron, measure]

myodynia myodynia (mI´o-din´e-a)

myalgia [myo- + G. odyne, pain]

myodystony myodystony (mI-o-dis´to-ne)

A condition of slow relaxation, interrupted by a succession of slight contractions, following electrical stimulation of a muscle. [myo- + G. dys-, difficult, + tonos, tone, tension]

myodystrophy myodystrophy , myodystrophia (mI-o-dis´tro-fe, mI´-o-dis-tro´fe-a)

muscular dystrophy [myo- + G. dys-, difficult, poor, + trophe, nourishment]

myoedema myoedema (mI´o-e-de´ma)

A localized contraction of a degenerating muscle, occurring at the point of a sharp blow, independent of the nerve supply.idiomuscular contraction, mounding, myoidema; [myo- + G. oidema, swelling]

myoelastic myoelastic (mI´o-e-las´tik)

Pertaining to closely associated smooth muscle fibers and elastic connective tissue.

myoelectric myoelectric (mI´o-e-lek´trik)

Relating to the electrical properties of muscle.

myoendocarditis myoendocarditis (mI-o-en´do-kar-dI´tis)

Inflammation of the muscular wall and lining membrane of the heart. [myo- + G. endon, within, + kardia, heart, + -itis, inflammation]

myoepithelial myoepithelial (mI´o-ep-i-the´le-al)

Relating to myoepithelium.

myoepithelioma myoepithelioma (mI´o-ep-i-the-le-o´ma)

A benign tumor of myoepithelial cells. [myo- + epithelium, + G. -oma, tumor]

myoepithelium myoepithelium (mI´o-ep-i-the´le-um)

Spindle-shaped, contractile, smooth muscle-like cells of epithelial origin that are arranged longitudinally or obliquely around sweat glands and the secretory alveoli of the mammary gland; stellate myoepithelial cells occur around lacrimal and some salivary gland secretory units.muscle epithelium; [myo- + epithelium]

myoesthesis myoesthesis , myoesthesia (mI´o-es-the´sis, -the´ze-a)

myesthesia

myofascial myofascial (mI-o-fash´e-al)

Of or relating to the fascia surrounding and separating muscle tissue.

myofascitis myofascitis (mI´o-fa-sI´tis)

myositis fibrosa

myofibril myofibril (mI-o-fI´bril)

One of the fine longitudinal fibrils occurring in a skeletal or cardiac muscle fiber comprising many regularly overlapped ultramicroscopic thick and thin myofilaments.muscular fibril, myofibrilla; [myo- + Mod. L. fibrilla, fibril]

myofibrilla myofibrilla, pl. myofibrillae (mI´o-fI-bril´a, -bril´e)

myofibril

myofibrillar myofibrillar (mI-o-fI-bril-ar)

Pertaining or relating to myofibril.

myofibroblast myofibroblast (mI-o-fI´bro-blast)

A cell thought to be responsible for contracture of wounds; such cells have some characteristics of smooth muscle, such as contractile properties and fibrils, and are also believed to produce, temporarily, type III collagen.

myofibroma myofibroma (mI´o-fI-bro´ma)

A benign neoplasm that consists chiefly of fibrous connective tissue, with variable numbers of muscle cells forming portions of the neoplasm.

myofibromatosis myofibromatosis (mI-´yo-fI-bro-ma- to´sis)

Solitary or multiple tumors of muscle and fibrous tissue, or tumors composed by myofibroblasts. [myo- + L. fibra, fiber, + G. suffix, -oma, tumor, + suffix -osis, condition]
infantile myofibromatosis myofibromatosis seen at birth or in infants, with multiple lytic bone lesions and involving soft tissue, or with visceral involvement.

myofibrosis myofibrosis (mI´o-fI-bro´sis)

Chronic myositis with diffuse hyperplasia of the interstitial connective tissue pressing upon and causing atrophy of the muscular tissue.
m. cor´dis m. of the heart walls.

myofibrositis myofibrositis (mI´o-fI-bro-sI´tis)

Inflammation of the perimysium.

myofilaments myofilaments (mI-o-fil´a-ments)

The ultramicroscopic threads of filamentous proteins making up myofibrils in striated muscle. Thick ones contain myosin and thin ones actin; thick and thin m.'s also occur in smooth muscle fibers but are not regularly arranged in discrete myofibrils and thus do not impart a striated appearance to these cells.

myofunctional myofunctional (mI´o-funk´shun-al)

1. Relating to function of muscles. 2. In dentistry, relating to the role of muscle function in the etiology or correction of orthodontic problems.

myogen myogen (mI´o-jen)

Proteins extracted from muscle with cold water, largely the enzymes promoting glycolysis; from the residue, alkaline 0.6 m KCl extracts actin and myosin as actomyosin, with myosin further separable into two meromyosins by proteinase treatment.myosinogen; [myo- + G. -gen, producing]

myogenesis myogenesis (mI-o-jen´e-sis)

Embryonic formation of muscle cells or fibers. [myo- + G. genesis, origin]

myogenetic myogenetic , myogenic (mI-o-je-net´ik, -jen´ik)

1. Originating in or starting from muscle. 2. Relating to the origin of muscle cells or fibers.myogenous;

myogenous myogenous (mI-oj´e-nus)

myogenetic

myoglobin (Mb, MbCO, MbO2) myoglobin (Mb, MbCO, MbO₂) (mI-o-glo´bin)

The oxygen-transporting and storage protein of muscle, resembling blood hemoglobin in function but containing only one subunit and one heme as part of the molecule (rather than the four of hemoglobin), and with a molecular weight approximately one-quarter that of hemoglobin.muscle hemoglobin, myohemoglobin; [myo- + hemoglobin]

myoglobinuria myoglobinuria (mI´o-glo-bi-nu´re-a)

Excretion of myoglobin in the urine; results from muscle degeneration, which releases myoglobin into the blood; occurs in certain types of trauma (crush syndrome), advanced or protracted ischemia of muscle, or as a paroxysmal process of unknown etiology.idiopathic paroxysmal rhabdomyolysis, Meyer-Betz disease, Meyer-Betz syndrome;
paralytic m. azoturia of horses

myoglobulin myoglobulin (mI-o-glob´yu-lin)

Globulin present in muscle tissue.

myoglobulinuria myoglobulinuria (mI´o-glob´yu-li-nu´re-a)

The excretion of myoglobulin in the urine.

myognathus myognathus (mI-og´na-thus, mI-o-nath´us)

An unequal conjoined twin in which the rudimentary head of the parasite is attached to the lower jaw of the autosite by muscle and skin only. See conjoined twins, under twin. [myo- + G. gnathos, jaw]

myogram myogram (mI´o-gram)

The tracing made by a myograph.muscle curve; [myo- + G. gramma, a drawing]

myograph myograph (mI´o-graf)

A recording instrument by which tracings are made of muscular contractions. [myo- + G. grapho, to write]
palate m. palatograph

myographic myographic (mI-o-graf´ik)

Relating to a myogram, or the record of a myograph.

myography myography (mI-og´ra-fe)

1. The recording of muscular movements by the myograph. 2. A description of or treatise on the muscles.descriptive myology;

myohemoglobin myohemoglobin (mI´o-hem-o-glo´bin)

myoglobin

myoid myoid (mI´oyd)

1. Resembling muscle. 2. One of the fine, contractile, threadlike protoplasmic elements found in certain epithelial cells in lower animals. 3. A contractile part of retinal cones in certain fish and amphibia. In mammals, the m. is the inner part of the inner segment of rods and cones; it contains microtubules, the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes, but no myofibrils. [myo- + G. eidos, appearance]

myoidema myoidema (mI-oy-de´ma)

myoedema [myo- + G. oidema, swelling]

myoinositol myoinositol (mI-o-in-o´-si-tol)

See myo-inositol.

myoischemia myoischemia (mI´o-is-ke´me-a)

A condition of localized deficiency or absence of blood supply in muscular tissue.

myokerosis myokerosis (mI´o-ke-ro´sis)

myocerosis

myokinase myokinase (mI-o-kI´nas)

adenylate kinase

myokinesimeter myokinesimeter (mI´o-kin-e-sim´e-ter)

A device for registering the exact time and extent of contraction of the larger muscles of the lower extremity in response to electric stimulation.myocinesimeter; [myo- + G. kinesis, movement, + metron, measure]

myokymia myokymia (mI-o-kI´me-a)

Continuous involuntary quivering or rippling of muscles at rest, caused by spontaneous, repetitive firing of groups of motor unit potentials.fibrillary chorea, kymatism, Morvan's chorea; [myo- + G. kyma, wave]
facial m. m. that appears in the facial muscles, causing narrowing of the palpebral fissure and continuous undulation of the facial skin surface; the latter is referred to as "bag of worms" appearance and is best seen with reflected light; due to intrinsic brainstem lesion, such as a pontine glioma or multiple sclerosis.
generalized m. widespread m., present in multiple limbs and often the face; of various causes, including Isaac's syndrome, uremia, thyrotoxicosis and gold toxicity (gold-m. syndrome).
hereditary m. [MIM*160100] a syndrome consisting of m., hypoglycemia, and disturbed thyroid function.
limb m. m. present in one or more limbs; various causes, one of the more common being prior plexus radiation.

myolemma myolemma (mI-o-lem´a)

sarcolemma

myolipoma myolipoma (mI´o-li-po´ma)

A benign neoplasm that consists chiefly of fat cells (adipose tissue), with variable numbers of muscle cells forming portions of the neoplasm.

myologia myologia (mI´o-lo´je-a) [NA]

myology, myology

myologist myologist (mI-ol´o-jist)

One learned in the knowledge of muscles.

myology myology (mI-ol´o-je)

The branch of science concerned with the muscles and their accessory parts, tendons, aponeuroses, bursae, and fasciae.myologia [NA], sarcology (1); [myo- + G. logos, study]
descriptive m. myography (2)

myolysis myolysis (mI-ol´i-sis)

Dissolution or liquefaction of muscular tissue, frequently preceded by degenerative changes such as infiltration of fat, atrophy, and fatty degeneration. [myo- + G. lysis, dissolution]
cardiotoxic m. cardiomalacia occurring in fever and various systemic infections.

myoma myoma (mI-o´ma)

A benign neoplasm of muscular tissue. See also leiomyoma, rhabdomyoma. [myo- + G. -oma, tumor]

myomalacia myomalacia (mI´o-ma-la´she-a)

Pathologic softening of muscular tissue. [myo- + G. malakia, softness]

myomatous myomatous (mI-o´ma-tus)

Pertaining to or characterized by the features of a myoma.

myomectomy myomectomy (mI-o-mek´to-me)

Operative removal of a myoma, specifically of a uterine myoma. [myoma + G. ektome, excision]
abdominal m. removal of a myoma of the uterus through an abdominal incision.celiomyomectomy, laparomyomectomy;
left ventricular m. resection of myocardial tissue used in cases of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.
vaginal m. removal of a myoma of the uterus through the vagina.colpomyomectomy;

myomelanosis myomelanosis (mI´o-mela-no´sis)

Abnormal dark pigmentation of muscular tissue. See also melanosis. [myo- + G. melanosis, becoming black]

myomere myomere (mI´o-mer)

myotome (4) [myo- + G. meros, a part]

myometer myometer (mI-om´e-ter)

An instrument for measuring the extent of a muscular contraction. [myo- + G. metron, measure]

myometrial myometrial (mI-o-me´tre-al)

Relating to the myometrium.

myometritis myometritis (mI´o-me-trI´tis)

Inflammation of the muscular wall of the uterus.mesometritis; [myo- + G. metra, uterus, + -itis, inflammation]

myometrium myometrium (mI´o-me´tre-um) [NA]

The muscular wall of the uterus.tunica muscularis uteri [NA], muscular coat of uterus; [myo- + G. metra, uterus]

myomitochondrion myomitochondrion, pl. myomitochondria (mI´o-mI´to-kon´dre-on, -dre-a)

A mitochondrion of a muscle fiber.

myomotomy myomotomy (mI-o-mot´o-me)

Incision of a myoma. [myoma + G. tome, incision]

myon myon (mI´on)

An individual muscle unit. [G. mys, muscle]

myonecrosis myonecrosis (mI´o-ne-kro´sis)

Necrosis of muscle.
clostridial m. gas gangrene

myoneme myoneme (mI´o-nem)

1. A muscle fibril. 2. One of the contractile fibrils of certain protozoans; thought to function in an analogous fashion to metazoan muscle fibers. [myo- + G. nema, thread]

myoneural myoneural (mI-o-nu´ral)

Relating to both muscle and nerve; denoting specifically the synapse of the motor neuron with striated muscle fibers: myoneural junction or motor endplate. See also neuromuscular. [myo- + G. neuron, nerve]

myoneuralgia myoneuralgia (mI´o-nu-ral´je-a)

myalgia [myo- + G. neuron, nerve, + algos, pain]
postural m. muscle pain associated with cramped position, stress of standing with improper posture, etc.

myoneurasthenia myoneurasthenia (mI´o-nu-ras-the´ne-a)

Obsolete term for muscular weakness associated with neurasthenia.

myoneuroma myoneuroma (mI´o-nu-ro´ma)

A tumefaction consisting chiefly of abnormally proliferating Schwann cells, with variable numbers of muscle cells forming portions of the mass; m.'s are probably malformations, rather than true neoplasms. [myo- + G. neuron, nerve, + -oma, tumor]

myonosus myonosus (mI-on´o-sus)

myopathy [myo- + G. nosos, disease]

myonymy myonymy (mI-on´i-me)

Nomenclature of the muscles. [myo- + G. onyma or onoma, name]

myopachynsis myopachynsis (mI´o-pa-kin´sis)

Muscular hypertrophy. [myo- + G. pachynsis, a thickening]

myopalmus myopalmus (mI-o-pal´mus)

Muscle twitching. [myo- + G. palmos, a quivering]

myoparalysis myoparalysis (mI-o-pa-ral´i-sis)

Muscular paralysis.

myoparesis myoparesis (mI´o-pa-re´sis, -par´e-sis)

Slight muscular paralysis.

myopathic myopathic (mI-o-path´ik)

Denoting a disorder involving muscular tissue.

myopathy myopathy (mI-op´a-the)

Any abnormal condition or disease of the muscular tissues; commonly designates a disorder involving skeletal muscle.myonosus; [myo- + G. pathos, suffering]
carcinomatous m. Lambert-Eaton syndrome
centronuclear m. slowly progressive generalized muscle weakness and atrophy beginning in childhood; on biopsy of skeletal muscle, the nuclei of most muscle fibers are seen to be located near the center of a small fiber (the normal position for a 10-week embryo) rather than at the periphery of the fiber; familial incidence. Autosomal dominant [MIM*160150] recessive [MIM*255200] and X-linked [310400] forms occur.myotubular m;
distal m. m. affecting predominantly the distal portions of the limbs; onset is usually after age 40, with weakness and wasting of small muscles of the hands; The infantile form [MIM*160300] and the Swedish later-onset [MIM*160500] are autosomal dominant and there is a Japanese late-onset type [MIM*254130] that is recessive.
minicore-multicore m. an uncommon nonprogressive m. with early onset, proximal weakness, and hypotonia. Muscle fibers show focal defects of oxidative and myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase enzymes with disorganization of myofibril ultrastructure.
mitochondrial m. weakness and hypotonia of muscles, primarily those of the neck, shoulder, and pelvic girdles, with onset in infancy or childhood; on biopsy, giant, bizarre mitochondria are seen located between muscle fibrils just beneath the sarcolemma. The dominant form is due to deletion of mitochondrial DNA [MIM*160560] and the recessive form [MIM*252010] is due to a complex deficiency.
myotubular m. centronuclear m
nemaline m. congenital, nonprogressive muscle weakness most evident in the proximal muscles; named after the characteristic nemaline (threadlike) rods seen in the muscle cells composed of Z-band material. There are two forms, dominant [MIM*161800] and recessive [MIM*256030], that are clinically indistinguishable.rod m;
ocular m. chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
rod m. nemaline m
thyrotoxic m. extreme muscular weakness in severe thyrotoxicosis affecting muscles of limbs and trunk as well as those used in speech and swallowing.

myopericarditis myopericarditis (mI´o-per-i-kar-dI´tis)

Inflammation of the muscular wall of the heart and of the enveloping pericardium; also, perimyocarditis--choice of term determined by whether the principal involvement is pericardial or myocardial. [myo- + pericarditis]

myoperitonitis myoperitonitis (mI´o-per-i-to-nI´tis)

Inflammation of the parietal peritoneum with myositis of the abdominal wall.

myophone myophone (mI´o-fon)

An instrument to enable one to hear the murmur of muscular contractions. [myo- + G. phone, sound]

myophosphorylase myophosphorylase (mI-o-fus-for´i-las)

Muscle phosphorylase

myopia (M) myopia (M) (mI-o´pe-a)

That optical condition in which only rays from a finite distance from the eye focus on the retina.near sight, nearsightedness, short sight, shortsightedness; [G. fr. myo, to shut, + ops, eye]
axial m. m. due to elongation of the globe of the eye.
curvature m. m. due to refractive errors resulting from excessive corneal curvature.
degenerative m. pathologic m
index m. m. arising from increased refractivity of the lens, as in nuclear sclerosis.
malignant m. pathologic m
night m. in dark adaptation the eye becomes more sensitive to shorter wave lengths (Purkinje shift), and visual acuity depends on parafoveal blue cones. Shorter wavelengths come into focus in front of the retina, and this chromatic aberration accounts for some of the relative m. that a normal eye experiences at night; much of the remainder is due to an increase in accommodative tone in the dark.
pathologic m. progressive m. marked by fundus changes, posterior staphyloma, and subnormal corrected acuity.degenerative m., malignant m;
prematurity m. m. observed in infants of low birth weight or in association with retrolental fibroplasia.
senile lenticular m. second sight
simple m. m. arising from failure of correlation of the refractive power of the anterior segment and the length of the eyeball.
space m. a type of m. arising when no contour is imaged on the retina.
transient m. m. observed in accommodative spasm secondary to iridocyclitis or ocular contusion.

myopic (M) myopic (M) (mI-op´ik, -o´pik)

Relating to or suffering from myopia.

myoplasm myoplasm (mI´o-plazm)

The contractile portion of the muscle cell, as distinguished from the sarcoplasm. [myo- + G. plasma, a thing formed]

myoplastic myoplastic (mI-o-plas´tik)

Relating to the plastic surgery of the muscles, or to the use of muscular tissue in correcting defects.

myoplasty myoplasty (mI´o-plas-te)

Plastic surgery of muscular tissue. [myo- + G. plastos, formed]

myopolar myopolar (mI-o-po´lar)

Relating to muscular polarity, or to the portion of muscle between two electrodes.

myoprotein myoprotein (mI-o-pro´ten)

Protein occurring in muscle.

myorhythmia myorhythmia (mI´o-ridh´me-a)

A form of hyperkinesia in which the tremor rate (2 to 4 per second) is irregular and slower than in alternating tremor, with greater frequency and higher voltage of the associated spike potentials in the electromyogram. [myo- + G. rhythmos, rhythm]

myorrhaphy myorrhaphy (mI-or´a-fe)

Suture of a muscle. [myo- + G. rhaphe, seam]

myorrhexis myorrhexis (mI-o-rek´sis)

Tearing of a muscle. [myo- + G. rhexis, a rupture]

myosalgia myosalgia (mI-o-sal´je-a)

myalgia

myosalpingitis myosalpingitis (mI´o-sal-pin-jI´tis)

Inflammation of the muscular tissue of the uterine tube. [myosalpinx + G. -itis inflammation]

myosalpinx myosalpinx (mI´o-sal´pingks)

The muscular tunic of the uterine tube. [myo- + salpinx]

myosarcoma myosarcoma (mI´o-sar-ko´ma)

A general term for a malignant neoplasm derived from muscular tissue. See also leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma.

myosclerosis myosclerosis (mI´o-skle-ro´sis)

Chronic myositis with hyperplasia of the interstitial connective tissue.

myoseism myoseism (mI´o-sIzm)

Nonrhythmic spasmodic muscular contractions. [myo- + G. seismos, a shaking, shock, fr. seio, fut. seiso, to shake]

myoseptum myoseptum (mI-o-sep´tum)

myocomma [myo- + L. saeptum, a barrier]

myosin myosin (mI´o-sin)

A globulin present in muscle; in combination with actin, it forms actomyosin; m. forms the thick filaments in muscle.
m. light chain kinase a calcium/calmodulin-dependent enzyme that phosphorylates the p-light chains of smooth muscle m. and initiates contraction.

myosinogen myosinogen (mI-o-sin´o-jen)

myogen

myosinose myosinose (mI´o-si-nos)

A proteose formed by the partial hydrolysis of myosin.

myosis myosis (mI-o´sis)

Obsolete alternative spelling for miosis (2).

myositic myositic (mI-o-sit´ik)

Relating to myositis.

myositis myositis (mI-o-sI´tis)

Inflammation of a muscle.initis (2), myitis; [myo- + G. -itis, inflammation]
acute disseminated m. multiple m
cervical m. See posttraumatic neck syndrome.
epidemic m. , m. epidem´ica acu´ta epidemic pleurodynia
m. fibro´sa induration of a muscle through an interstitial growth of fibrous tissue.Froriep's induration, interstitial m., myofascitis;
infectious m. inflammation of the voluntary muscles, marked by swelling and pain, affecting usually the shoulders and arms, though almost the entire body may be involved.
interstitial m. m. fibrosa
multiple m. the occurrence of multiple foci of acute inflammation in the muscular tissue and overlying skin in various parts of the body, accompanied by fever and other signs of systemic infection. See also dermatomyositis.acute disseminated m., pseudotrichinosis, pseudotrichiniasis;
m. ossif´icans ossification or deposit of bone in muscle with fibrosis, causing pain and swelling in muscles.
m. ossif´icans circumscrip´ta local deposit of bone in a muscle, usually following prolonged trauma; e.g., riders' bone.
m. ossif´icans progressi´va a rare and frequently fatal mutation, beginning in early life, characterized by progressive ossification of the muscles; it is not strictly a m., but a noninflammatory ossification.
proliferative m. a rapidly growing benign infiltrating fibrous nodule in skeletal muscle, containing characteristic giant cells resembling ganglion cells.
m. purulen´ta trop´ica a disease observed in Samoa and in tropical Africa, marked by pains in the extremities, fever of a remittent or intermittent type, and abscesses in the muscles in various parts of the body (may result in death from sepsis); causative organisms are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, but usually the disease is associated with parasitic infections.bungpagga, lambo lambo, tropical m., tropical pyomyositis;
tropical m. m. purulenta tropica

myospasm myospasm , myospasmus (mI´o-spazm, mI-o-spaz´mus)

Spasmodic muscular contraction.
cervical m. See posttraumatic neck syndrome.

myospherulosis myospherulosis (mI´o-sfer-u-lo´sis)

A chronic granulomatous reaction to undetermined spherical structures frequently contained within a microscopic cyst; first reported in cystic lesions in skeletal muscle from eastern Africa and subsequently in nasal infections in the U.S. [myo- + L. sphaerula, small sphere, + G. -osis, condition]

myosthenometer myosthenometer (mI´o-sthe-nom´e-ter)

An instrument for measuring the power of muscle groups. [myo- + G. sthenos, strength, + metron, measure]

myostroma myostroma (mI-o-stro´ma)

The supporting connective tissue or framework of muscular tissue. [myo- + G. stroma, mattress]

myostromin myostromin (mI-o-stro´min)

A protein found in muscle stroma.

myotactic myotactic (mI-o-tak´tik)

Relating to the muscular sense. [myo- + L. tactus, a touching]

myotasis myotasis (mI-ot´a-sis)

Stretching of a muscle. [myo- + G. tasis, a stretching]

myotatic myotatic (mI-o-tat´ik)

Relating to myotasis.

myotenositis myotenositis (mI´o-te-no-sI´tis)

Inflammation of a muscle with its tendon. [myo- + G. tenon, tendon, + -itis, inflammation]

myotenotomy myotenotomy (mI´o-te-not´o-me)

Cutting through the principal tendon of a muscle, with division of the muscle itself in whole or in part.tenomyotomy, tenontomyotomy; [myo- + G. tenon, tendon, + tome, incision]

myothermic myothermic (mI-o-ther´mik)

Relating to the increased temperature in muscular tissue resulting from its contraction. [myo- + G. therme, heat]

myotome myotome (mI´o-tom)

1. A knife for dividing muscle. 2. In embryos, that part of the somite that develops into skeletal muscle.muscle plate; 3. All muscles derived from one somite and innervated by one segmental spinal nerve. 4. In primitive vertebrates, the muscular part of a metamere.myomere; [myo- + G. tomos, a cut]

myotomy myotomy (mI-ot´o-me)

1. Anatomy or dissection of the muscles. 2. Surgical division of a muscle. [myo- + G. tome, excision]
cricopharyngeal m. division of the cephalad portion of the cricopharyngeus muscle, usually for treatment of Zenker's esophageal diverticulum.
Heller m. esophagomyotomy

myotone myotone (mI´o-ton)

myotony

myotonia myotonia (mI-o-to´ne-a)

Delayed relaxation of a muscle after a strong contraction, or prolonged contraction after mechanical stimulation (as by percussion) or brief electrical stimulation; due to abnormality of the muscle membrane, specifically the ion channels. [myo- + G. tonos, tension, stretching]
m. acquisi´ta acquired m. following exposure to certain toxins.
m. atroph´ica myotonic dystrophy
m. congen´ita [MIM*160800] a hereditary disease marked by momentary tonic spasms occurring when a voluntary movement is attempted.Thomsen's disease;
m. dystroph´ica myotonic dystrophy
m. neonato´rum neonatal tetany

myotonic myotonic (mI-o-ton´ik)

Pertaining to or exhibiting myotonia.

myotonoid myotonoid (mI-ot´o-noyd)

Denoting a muscular reaction, naturally or electrically excited, characterized by slow contraction and, especially, slow relaxation. [myo- + G. tonos, tone, tension, + eidos, resemblance]

myotonus myotonus (mI-ot´o-nus)

A tonic spasm or temporary rigidity of a muscle or group of muscles. [myo- + G. tonos, tension, stretching]

myotony myotony (mI-ot´o-ne)

Muscular tonus or tension.myotone; [myo- + G. tonos, tension]

myotrophy myotrophy (mI-ot´ro-fe)

Nutrition of muscular tissue. [myo- + G. trophe, nourishment]

myotube myotube (mI´o-tub)

A skeletal muscle fiber formed by the fusion of myoblasts during a developmental stage; a few myofibrils occur at the periphery, and the central core is occupied by nuclei and sarcoplasm so that the fiber has a tubular appearance.

myotubule myotubule (mI-o-tu´bul)

Former term for myotube.

Myoviridae Myoviridae (mI-o-vir´i-de)

Provisional name for a family of relatively large bacterial viruses with complex contractile tails, heads that are usually elongated but are isometric in some species, and a double-stranded DNA genome (MW 21 to 190 x 10⁶). It includes the T-even phage group and probably other genera.

myriachit myriachit (mir-yah´chit)

miryachit [Kalmuk?]

myrica myrica (mir´i-ka)

The bark of Myrica cerifera (family Myricaceae); used in diarrhea and icterus, and externally in sore throat.bayberry bark;

myricin myricin (mir´i-sin)

Myricyl palmitate, a white, almost odorless solid that is the chief constituent of beeswax.

myring- myring-

See myringo-.

myringa myringa (mi-ring´ga)

tympanic membrane [Mod. L. drum membrane]

myringectomy myringectomy (mir-in-jek´to-me)

Excision of the tympanic membrane. [myring- + G. ektome, excision]

myringitis myringitis (mir-in-jI´tis)

Inflammation of the tympanic membrane.tympanitis; [myring- + G. -itis, inflammation]
m. bulbo´sa myringodermatitis
bullous m. painful inflammation of the tympanic membrane accompanied by bullae, probably of viral etiology.

myringo- myringo- , myring-

The membrana tympani. [Mod. L. myringa]

myringodermatitis myringodermatitis (mi-ring´go-der-ma-tI´tis)

Inflammation of the meatal or outer surface of the drum membrane and the adjoining skin of the external auditory canal.myringitis bulbosa;

myringomycosis myringomycosis (mi-ring´go-mI-ko´sis)

mycomyringitis

myringoplasty myringoplasty (mi-ring´go-plas´te)

Operative repair of a damaged tympanic membrane. [myringo- + G. plasso, to form]

myringostapediopexy myringostapediopexy (mi-ring´go-sta-pe´de-o-pek´se)

A technique of tympanoplasty in which the drum membrane or grafted drum membrane is brought into functional connection with the stapes. [myringo- + L. stapes, stirrup (stapes), + G. pexis, fixation]

myringotome myringotome (mi-ring´go-tom)

A knife used for paracentesis of the tympanic membrane. [myringo- + G. tome, excision]

myringotomy myringotomy (mir-ing-got´o-me)

Paracentesis of the tympanic membrane.tympanostomy, tympanotomy; [myringo- + G. tome, excision]

myrinx myrinx (mI´ringks, mir´ringks)

tympanic membrane [Mod. L. myringa, drum membrane]

myristica myristica (mi-ris´ti-ka)

nutmeg [G. myrizo, to anoint, fr. myron, an unguent]
m. oil nutmeg oil

myristic acid myristic acid (mi-ris´tik)

CH₃-(CH₂)₁₂-COOH;a saturated fatty acid present as an acylglycerol in milk, vegetable fats, cod liver oil, and waxes.tetradecanoic acid;

myristicin myristicin (mI-ris´ti-sin)

A constituent of nutmeg thought to be responsible, at least in part, for the bizarre central nervous system symptoms produced by the ingestion of large amounts of nutmeg.

myristoleic acid myristoleic acid (mi-ris-to-le´ik)

9-Tetradecenoic acid;a 14-carbon unsaturated fatty acid with a double bond between carbons 9 and 10; the 14-carbon analog of oleic acid.

myrmecia myrmecia (mIr-me´she-a)

A form of viral wart in which the lesion has a domed surface (i.e., an ant hill configuration) and is associated with pale staining intranuclear and amphophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the epidermal cells. [G. murmex, ant]

myrosinase myrosinase (mI-ro´si-nas)

thioglucosidase

myrrh myrrh (mer)

A gum resin from Commiphora molmol and C. abyssinica (family Burseraceae) and other species of C., a shrub of Arabia and eastern Africa; used as an astringent, tonic, and stimulant, and locally for diseases of the oral cavity and in mouthwashes. [G. myrrha]

mysophilia mysophilia (mI-so-fil´e-a)

Sexual interest in excretions. [G. mysos, defilement, + philos, fond]

mysophobia mysophobia (mI-so-fo´be-a)

Morbid fear of dirt or defilement from touching familiar objects. [G. mysos, defilement, + phobos, fear]

mytacism mytacism (mI´ta-sizm)

A form of stammering in which the letter m is frequently substituted for other consonants.mutacism; [G. my, the letter mu]

myurous myurous (mI-yu´rus)

Gradually decreasing, as a mouse's tail, in thickness; rarely used term denoting certain symptoms in process of cessation, or the heartbeat in certain cases in which it grows feebler and feebler for a while and then strengthens. [G. mys, mouse, + ouros, tail]

myxadeni´tis myxadeni´tis (mIks-a-de-nI´tis)

See myxo-.
m. labialis cheilitis glandularis

myxadenoma myxadenoma (mik-sad-e-no´ma)

A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelial tissue, i.e., an adenoma, in which the loose connective tissue of the stroma resembles relatively primitive mesenchymal tissue.

myxasthenia myxasthenia (mik-sas-the´ne-a)

Faulty secretion of mucus. [myx- + G. astheneia, weakness]

myxedema myxedema (mik-se-de´ma)

Hypothyroidism characterized by a relatively hard edema of subcutaneous tissue, with increased content of proteoglycans in the fluid; characterized by somnolence, slow mentation, dryness and loss of hair, increased fluid in body cavities such as the pericardial sac, subnormal temperature, hoarseness, muscle weakness, and slow return of a muscle to the neutral position after a tendon jerk; usually caused by removal or loss of functioning thyroid tissue. [myx- + G. oidema, swelling]
circumscribed m. nodules and plaques of mucoid edema of the skin, usually in the pretibial region, occurring in some patients with hyperthyroidism.pretibial m;
congenital m. infantile hypothyroidism
infantile m. infantile hypothyroidism
operative m. m. developing after thyroidectomy.
pituitary m. m. resulting from inadequate secretion of the thyrotropic hormone; commonly occurs in association with inadequate secretion of other anterior pituitary hormones.
pretibial m. circumscribed m

myxedematoid myxedematoid (mik-se-dem´a-toyd)

Resembling myxedema.

myxedematous myxedematous (mik-se-dem´a-tus)

Relating to myxedema.

myxemia myxemia (mik-se´me-a)

mucinemia [myx- + G. haima, blood]

myxo- myxo- , myx-

Mucus. See also muci-, muco-. [G. myxa, mucus]

myxochondrofibrosarcoma myxochondrofibrosarcoma (mik´so-kon´dro-fI´bro-sar-ko´ma)

A malignant neoplasm derived from fibrous connective tissue, i.e., a fibrosarcoma, in which there are intimately associated foci of cartilaginous and myxomatous tissue. [myxo- + G. chondros, cartilage, + L. fibra, fiber, + G. sarx, flesh, + -oma, tumor]

myxochondroma myxochondroma (mik´so-kon-dro´ma)

A benign neoplasm of cartilaginous tissue, i.e., a chondroma, in which the stroma resembles relatively primitive mesenchymal tissue.myxoma enchondromatosum; [myxo- + G. chondros, cartilage, + -oma, tumor]

Myxococcidium stegomyiae Myxococcidium stegomyiae (mik´so-kok-sid´e-um steg-o-mI´e-e)

A protozoon once found in the body of the mosquito, Stegomyia calopus, that had fed on the blood of a patient with yellow fever; the organism was then postulated, incorrectly, to be the causal agent of yellow fever.

myxocyte myxocyte (mik´so-sIt)

One of the stellate or polyhedral cells present in mucous tissue. [myxo- + G. kytos, cell]

myxofibroma myxofibroma (mik´so-fI-bro´ma)

A benign neoplasm of fibrous connective tissue that resembles primitive mesenchymal tissue.fibroma myxomatodes, myxoma fibrosum; [myxo- + L. fibra, fiber, + G. -oma, tumor]

myxofibrosarcoma myxofibrosarcoma (mik´so-fI´bro-sar-ko´ma)

A malignant fibrous histiocytoma with a predominance of myxoid areas that resemble primitive mesenchymal tissue. [myxo- + L. fibra, fiber, + G. sarx, flesh, + -oma, tumor]

myxoid myxoid (mik´soyd)

Resembling mucus. [myxo- + G. eidos, resemblance]

myxolipoma myxolipoma (mik´so-li-po´ma)

A benign neoplasm of adipose tissue in which portions of the tumor resemble mucoid mesenchymal tissue.lipoma myxomatodes, myxoma lipomatosum; [myxo- + G. lipos, fat, + -oma, tumor]

myxoma myxoma (mik-so´ma)

A benign neoplasm derived from connective tissue, consisting chiefly of polyhedral and stellate cells that are loosely embedded in a soft mucoid matrix, thereby resembling primitive mesenchymal tissue; occurs frequently intramuscularly (where it may be mistaken for a sarcoma), also in the jaw bones, and encysted in the skin (focal mucinosis and dorsal wrist ganglion). [myxo- + G. -oma, tumor]
atrial m. a primary cardiac neoplasm arising most commonly in the left atrium as a soft polypoid mass attached by a stalk to the septum; it may resemble an organized mural thrombus, and the symptoms may include cardiac murmurs, which change with alteration of body position, signs of mitral stenosis or insufficiency, with continuous danger of embolism by fragments of the tumor or its entire mass.
m. enchondromato´sum myxochondroma
m. fibro´sum myxofibroma
m. lipomato´sum myxolipoma
odontogenic m. a benign, expansile, multilocular radiolucent neoplasm of the jaws consisting of myxomatous fibrous connective tissue; presumably derived from the mesenchymal components of the odontogenic apparatus.
m. sarcomato´sum myxosarcoma

myxomatosis myxomatosis (mik´so-ma-to´sis)

1. A fatal disease of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) marked by purulent conjunctivitis and the development of myxomatous growths in the skin; caused by rabbit myxoma virus, a member of the family Poxviridae, and transmitted mechanically by mosquitoes; natural hosts are rabbits of the genus Sylvilagus in California and Brazil, in which the infection is not fatal and causes only local swelling. 2. mucoid degeneration 3. Multiple myxomas.

myxomatous myxomatous (mik-so´ma-tus)

1. Pertaining to or characterized by the features of a myxoma. 2. Said of tissue that resembles primitive mesenchymal tissue.

myxomycete myxomycete (mik´so-mI-set)

A member of the class Myxomycetes.

Myxomycetes Myxomycetes (mik´so-mI-se´tez)

A class of fungi containing the slime molds, which occur on rotting vegetation but are not pathogenic for humans. [myxo- + G. mykes, fungus]

myxoneuroma myxoneuroma (mik´so-nu-ro´ma)

1. Obsolete term for a tumefaction resulting from abnormal proliferation of Schwann cells, in which focal or diffuse degenerative changes result in portions that resemble primitive mesenchymal tissue. 2. Obsolete term for a neurilemoma, meningioma, or glioma in which the stroma is myxomatous in nature. [myxo- + G. neuron, nerve, + -oma, tumor]

myxopapilloma myxopapilloma (mik´so-pap-i-lo´ma)

A benign neoplasm of epithelial tissue in which the stroma resembles primitive mesenchymal tissue. [myxo- + L. papilla, a nipple, + G. -oma, tumor]

myxopoiesis myxopoiesis (mik´so-poy-e´sis)

Mucus production. [myxo- + G. poiesis, a making]

myxorrhea myxorrhea (mik-so-re´a)

blennorrhea [myxo- + G. rhoia, a flow]
m. gas´trica gastromyxorrhea

myxosarcoma myxosarcoma (mik´so-sar-ko´ma)

A sarcoma, usually a liposarcoma or malignant fibrous histiocytoma, with an abundant component of myxoid tissue resembling primitive mesenchyme containing connective tissue mucin.myxoma sarcomatosum; [myxo- + G. sarx, flesh, + -oma, tumor]

Myxospora Myxospora (mik-so-spo´ra)

A subphylum of the phylum Protozoa, characterized by the presence of spores of multicellular origin, usually with two or three valves, two or more polar filaments, and an ameboid sporoplasm; parasitic in lower vertebrates, especially common in fishes. Important genera include Ceratomyxa, Hanneguya, Leptotheca, Myxidium, and Myxobolus. [myxo- + G. sporos, seed]

myxospore myxospore (mik´so-spor)

Obsolete term for the spore of a myxomycete. [myxo- + G. sporos, seed]

Myxosporea Myxosporea (mik´so-spo-re´a)

A class of Myxozoa with spores containing one to six (usually two) polar capsules, each containing a coiled polar filament; parasitic in the celom or tissues of cold-blooded vertebrates, especially fishes. Important genera include Ceratomyxa, Hanneguya, Leptotheca, Myxidium, and Myxobolus.

myxovirus myxovirus (mik´so-vI´rus)

Term formerly used for viruses with an affinity for mucins, now included in the families Orthomyxoviridae and Paramyxoviridae. The m.'s included influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, and mumps virus.

Myxozoa Myxozoa (mik-so-zo´a)

A phylum of the subkingdom Protozoa, characterized by spores of multicellular origin (usually with two or three valves), one to six polar capsules or nematocysts (each with a coiled hollow filament), and a one- to many-nucleated ameboid sporoplasm; parasitic in annelids and other invertebrates (class Actinosporea; subclass Actinomyxa) and in lower vertebrates (class Myxosporea). [myxo- + G. zoon, animal]